The beginning of modern history and the subsequent war in Bosnia and Herzegovina coincide with the institutional beginnings of the European Union common foreign and security policy. At that time, Europe did not have a single position, nor could it have achieved a political consensus on any issue. In addition, it lacked appropriate instruments, as well as readiness and willingness to actively engage to put an end to war in BiH. The war in BiH was stopped, however, thanks to the efforts of the United States. This was a crucial moment for Europe to modify its common foreign and security policy. The European Union has passed a thorny path of establishing common foreign and security policy. On this path, however, the EU has experienced some progress and achieved good results, although not sufficient, just as BiH has made some progress in reforms. In order for BiH to joint the family of modern democratic countries, it will need a stronger engagement of the European Union and its more decisive common foreign and security policy, because only together we can cope with global challenges. Peace and prosperity in Bosnia and Herzegovina will also help build free and stable Europe.
The comparison of economic attitudes in seventeenth-century Potosí and Boston, makes it necessary to reevaluate our concepts on the culture and development of Spanish America. New England merchants and Peruvian miners developed similar strategies in response to conditions in the New World, organicing diverse and integrated economies. It is also necessary to stress the role of the State and of politics, which is an area of significant contrasts between the Spanish world and Anglosaxon America. ; A partir de la comparación de las actitudes económicas en el siglo XVII de Potosí y Boston se deduce la necesidad de revaluar nuestros conceptos sobre la cultura y el desarrollo de la América hispana. Los comerciantes de Nueva Inglaterra y los mineros peruanos desarrollaron similares estrategias como respuesta a las condiciones del Nuevo Mundo y organizaron economías diversas e integradas. Asimismo, hay que destacar la necesidad de volver a examinar el papel jugado por el Estado y la política en la América hispana colonial, aspecto que ofrece uno de los contrastes más significativos entre el mundo hispano y la América anglosajona.
I will focus my presentation by highlighting and commenting on thefollowing topics: bilateral relations between Argentina, Germany and the EU, the ongoing EU-MERCOSUR negotiations and some other trade related and economic aspects.
I will focus my presentation by highlighting and commenting on thefollowing topics: bilateral relations between Argentina, Germany and the EU, the ongoing EU-MERCOSUR negotiations and some other trade related and economic aspects.
The European Welfare State crisis since 2008 has shown the weakness of these European welfare systems to cope with a health crisis such as COVID-19, which in turn has not guaranteed the rights and wellbeing of older people. This article aims at shading light on the scarcity of resources in Spanish care homes and nursing homes system, while analyzing its integrated care failure and the urgent legislative measures implemented to overcome COVID-19 health crisis. At the same time, this paper advocates for a reflexion on ageist practices, so as to foster a debate on the 'desisntitucionalization' process of older adults in Spain. In this COVID-19 context, it has become utmost in implementing an older adults' policy to guarantee older adults rights as vulnerable population; likewise, which has already been done in respect to laws protecting children rights.
The essential aim of this study is to discuss the most important features of the "Washington Consensus" or neoliberal policies, and its main repercussions in the social and economic spheres. This article presents a critical view of the neoliberal measures that have increased inequality, and have resulted in less effective mechanisms to achieve economic and political inclusion within the context of updated social conditions. The political support for conception, implementation and assessment of the "Washington Consensus" has being instituted in the wellbeing and better living conditions of the more powerful social groups. Relationships of neoliberalism and globalization are discussed here as well. Rescue of public sphere and competences and a more active role of inclusive institutions are part of the conclusions and final considerations of this study. ; Utopía y Praxis Latinoamericana publica bajo licencia Creative Commons Atribución-No Comercial-Compartir Igual 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0). Más información en https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
Clientelism is an asymmetrical relationship that implies certain political advantage by the authorities, but above all individuals to have certain resources. Although clientelism has an informal and illegal halo, it has enabled individuals to come closer to their institution. Trust relationships seek to establish links between individuals and their political institution, which can last, generating legitimacy, and achieving greater satisfaction with local democracy.It tries to observe in what way both concepts are related, but above all, if through clientelistic relationships it is plausible to build trust-worthy relationships. Local political institution will be analyzed in two districts of the Lima´s same zone stratum; using qualitative and quantitative techniques. Considering also variables, such as, interpersonal trust, local democracy satisfaction, local authority behavior with local people, in order to observe if they play a role in the ways of relating between each other.All this is evaluated in determinant and logistic models. Clientelism predominates in the way to establish links. It correlates directly with confidence. Also, clientelism can explain confidence in local political institution. And likewise, a probability of being able to trust. Therefore, to build institutional trust, there as a variety of ways that one would say "damage" the development of institutions and democracy, however, they show certain practices that formal relationships can´t accomplish between individuals. Keywords: Clientelism, institutional trust, interpersonal trust, near clientelism
This book features a discussion on the modernisation of law and legal change, focusing on the key concepts of "innovation" and "transition". These concepts both appear to be relevant and poorly defined in contemporary legal science. A critical reflection on the heuristic value of these categories seems appropriate, particularly considering their dyadic value. While innovation is increasingly appearing in the present day as being the category in which one looks at the modernisation of law, the concept of transition also seems to be the privileged place of occurrence for such dynamics. This group of Italian and Brazilian scholars contributing to this volume intends to investigate such problems through an interdisciplinary prism. It includes points of view both internal to legal studies - such as the history of law, theory of law, constitutional law, private law and commercial law - and external, such as political philosophy and history of justice and political institutions. ; Innovation and transition in law: some introductory remarks on the heuristic value of a conceptual pair / Massimo Meccarelli, Cristiano Paixão, Claudia Roesler (pp. 9-19). -- Time of innovation and time of transition shaping the legal dimension: a methodological approach from legal history / Massimo Meccarelli (pp. 23-44). -- What is a legal transition? Thoughts on legal change amidst a political transition (Brazil, 1980-2020) / Maria Pia Guerra (pp. 45-65). -- New philosophical paradigms and demand for law: space for innovation. Reflections on the time of transition as a practical structure / Flavia Stara (pp. 67-77). -- Melancholy as a permanent transition in law and democracy / Douglas Antônio Rocha Pinheiro (pp. 79-95). -- Uses of silence in political and legal transitions: a methodological approach to constitutional history / Cristiano Paixão (pp. 97-119). -- Legal concepts from the standpoint of innovation and preservation of meaning: a rhetorical perspective / Claudia Roesler (pp. 123-140). -- Latent innovations in a legal system and civil law categories / Francesco Gambino (pp. 141-154). -- The words of Justice and the long italian transition (1943-1958) / Antonella Meniconi (pp. 155-184). -- Rhetoric, technological innovation and legal audiences: the case of Brazilian Supreme Court / Isaac Costa Reis (pp. 185-202). -- Constituent power and constitutional change in Brazil's transition to democracy (1945-1946) / Raphael Peixoto de Paula Marques (pp. 205-224). -- Transition to democracy and the Brazilian presidential system post-1946: the relationship between institutional design and political instability / Claudia Paiva Carvalho (pp. 225-246). -- The physical body through the juridical lens: an issue of law of innovation and of innovation in law (XIX-XX cent.) / Elisabetta Fusar Poli (pp. 247-271). -- From telegraph to telephone: an exemplary transitional space in the legal discipline of technical innovations (1877-1903) / Francesca Martello (pp. 273-304). -- In the middle of nowhere. The never-ending transition of Italian private companies (società a responsabilità limitata - SRL) / Alessio Bartolacelli (pp. 305-336). -- The evolution of the form of government in Italy / Giovanni Di Cosimo (pp. 337-348).
The article grapples with the question whether Plato believed that, in the matter of arete, the female psyche had a built-in inclination to immorality in a way that the male psyche did not, and was therefore assuch signiticantly different from the male psyche. It is argued that the evidence of the Timaeus ( and, to some lesser degree, of the Laws) suggests very strongly that he did, though fortunately the political consequence she drew from this (in the Laws) tum out to be positive rather than negative. Aristotle, by contrast,it is argued, while still holding to the lamentable theory of the inferiority of woman, talks of ditl'eringquanta of (one and the same) arete in male and female souls, rather than a difference in their very arete. ; El artículo discute la cuestión de si Platón creía que, en el asunto de la areté, la psyché femenina tenía una inclinación natural a la inmoralidad en un sentido que no tenía la psyché masculina, y que por ende era signiticativamente distinta a la psyché masculina. Se arguye que el Timeo (y en menor grado. las Leyes) sugiere fuertemente que sí lo creyó, aunque afortunadamente las consecuencias políticas que intirió de ello (en las Leyes) resultan positivas en lugar de negativas. Se arguye, por el contrario, que Aristóteles -aun cuando sigue manteniendo la teoría lamentable de la inferioridad de las mujeres-habla de diferentes quanta de (una y la misma) areté en las almas masculinas y femeninas, en lugar deuna diferencia en su misma areté.
El Territorio hoy es visto como una totalidad organizada que no puede ser pensada separando cada uno de los elementos que la componen; cada uno de ellos es definido por su relación con los otros elementos. Así, un pensamiento que integra diferentes disciplinas y saberes comienza a manejar una realidad que lejos está de definir certezas inamovibles, y comienza a vislumbrar horizontes estratégicos. La adaptación a la no linealidad de las relaciones que se dan sobre el territorio, y la diferencia de velocidades en las que actúan los distintos actores, nos exige hacer de la flexibilidad una característica esencial de la metodología de planificación estratégica. La multi-causalidad de los fenómenos que estructuran el territorio nos obliga a construir criterios cualitativos, entendiendo que nos es imposible la medición de estas cadenas causales y su reconstrucción completa en el tiempo; sin dejar por ello de edificar un marco profundo de acción y transformación que responda a una realidad cierta y veraz. Los fenómenos producidos sobre el territorio nunca actúan de manera aislada, lo que implica una responsabilidad a la hora de comprender las sinergias y la restricción que afectan los resultados de los procesos desatados. La presente ponencia corresponde a la Segunda Fase del proceso de identificación estratégica de los proyectos Plan Estratégico Territorial (PET) que se inició en el año 2005; dicho Plan es llevada a cabo por la Subsecretaría de Planificación Territorial del Ministerio de Planificación Federal y fue abordado sobre la base de tres pretensiones: institucionalizar el ejercicio del pensamiento estratégico, fortalecer la metodología de trabajo transdisciplinaria y multisectorial, y diseñar un sistema de ponderación de proyectos estratégicos de infraestructura, tanto a nivel provincial como nacional, con una fuerte base cualitativa. Este proceso dio como resultado una cartera ponderada de proyectos de infraestructura conjuntamente con una metodología que permitió consolidar los equipos provinciales de planificación, tanto en su relación con los decisores políticos como con los actores de los múltiples sectores del gobierno, y en estos resultados consolidar y reforzar una cultura del pensamiento estratégico sobre el territorio ; Nowadays, the concept of territory is viewed as an organized whole which cannot be considered isolating each of the elements that make it up; said elements are defined according to their relationships with each other. Thus, a thought that integrates different disciplines and fields of knowledge begins to handle a reality that is far from defining immovable certainties and starts to glimpse strategic horizons. Adjustment to the nonlinearity of the relationships that occur regarding the territory, and the different speeds players move compel us to make flexibility the essential feature of strategic planning methodology. The phenomena multi causality that structures the territory compels us to build qualitative criteria, understanding that it is impossible to measure these causal chains and their complete reconstruction in time; notwithstanding the fact that we should build a deep action frame and formulate a transformation in response to a certain true reality. The phenomena produced in relation to the territory can never be cut off from the rest, what implies a certain responsibility when time calls for comprehension of synergies and of the restriction that affects the results of the processes unleashed. This presentation refers to the Second Phase of the process of strategic identification related to the Territorial Strategic Plan (Plan Estratégico Territorial, PET) projects, which began in 2005; said Plan is carried out by the Ministry of Federal Planning Undersecretary of Territorial Planning, and its approach is based on three purposes: institutionalizing the strategic thinking practice; strengthening a work methodology that is transdisciplinary and multi-sector; and designing a system to ponder strategic infrastructure projects with strong qualitative grounds, both within the provincial level and the national level. This process resulted in a pondered portfolio of infrastructure projects, aided by a methodology that enabled consolidation of provincial planning teams both in their relationships with political decision-makers as well as with players coming from several sectors of government, which ultimately consolidate and strengthen a culture of strategic thinking about the territory
El Territorio hoy es visto como una totalidad organizada que no puede ser pensada separando cada uno de los elementos que la componen; cada uno de ellos es definido por su relación con los otros elementos. Así, un pensamiento que integra diferentes disciplinas y saberes comienza a manejar una realidad que lejos está de definir certezas inamovibles, y comienza a vislumbrar horizontes estratégicos. La adaptación a la no linealidad de las relaciones que se dan sobre el territorio, y la diferencia de velocidades en las que actúan los distintos actores, nos exige hacer de la flexibilidad una característica esencial de la metodología de planificación estratégica. La multi-causalidad de los fenómenos que estructuran el territorio nos obliga a construir criterios cualitativos, entendiendo que nos es imposible la medición de estas cadenas causales y su reconstrucción completa en el tiempo; sin dejar por ello de edificar un marco profundo de acción y transformación que responda a una realidad cierta y veraz. Los fenómenos producidos sobre el territorio nunca actúan de manera aislada, lo que implica una responsabilidad a la hora de comprender las sinergias y la restricción que afectan los resultados de los procesos desatados. La presente ponencia corresponde a la Segunda Fase del proceso de identificación estratégica de los proyectos Plan Estratégico Territorial (PET) que se inició en el año 2005; dicho Plan es llevada a cabo por la Subsecretaría de Planificación Territorial del Ministerio de Planificación Federal y fue abordado sobre la base de tres pretensiones: institucionalizar el ejercicio del pensamiento estratégico, fortalecer la metodología de trabajo transdisciplinaria y multisectorial, y diseñar un sistema de ponderación de proyectos estratégicos de infraestructura, tanto a nivel provincial como nacional, con una fuerte base cualitativa. Este proceso dio como resultado una cartera ponderada de proyectos de infraestructura conjuntamente con una metodología que permitió consolidar los equipos provinciales de planificación, tanto en su relación con los decisores políticos como con los actores de los múltiples sectores del gobierno, y en estos resultados consolidar y reforzar una cultura del pensamiento estratégico sobre el territorio ; Nowadays, the concept of territory is viewed as an organized whole which cannot be considered isolating each of the elements that make it up; said elements are defined according to their relationships with each other. Thus, a thought that integrates different disciplines and fields of knowledge begins to handle a reality that is far from defining immovable certainties and starts to glimpse strategic horizons. Adjustment to the nonlinearity of the relationships that occur regarding the territory, and the different speeds players move compel us to make flexibility the essential feature of strategic planning methodology. The phenomena multi causality that structures the territory compels us to build qualitative criteria, understanding that it is impossible to measure these causal chains and their complete reconstruction in time; notwithstanding the fact that we should build a deep action frame and formulate a transformation in response to a certain true reality. The phenomena produced in relation to the territory can never be cut off from the rest, what implies a certain responsibility when time calls for comprehension of synergies and of the restriction that affects the results of the processes unleashed. This presentation refers to the Second Phase of the process of strategic identification related to the Territorial Strategic Plan (Plan Estratégico Territorial, PET) projects, which began in 2005; said Plan is carried out by the Ministry of Federal Planning Undersecretary of Territorial Planning, and its approach is based on three purposes: institutionalizing the strategic thinking practice; strengthening a work methodology that is transdisciplinary and multi-sector; and designing a system to ponder strategic infrastructure projects with strong qualitative grounds, both within the provincial level and the national level. This process resulted in a pondered portfolio of infrastructure projects, aided by a methodology that enabled consolidation of provincial planning teams both in their relationships with political decision-makers as well as with players coming from several sectors of government, which ultimately consolidate and strengthen a culture of strategic thinking about the territory
El Territorio hoy es visto como una totalidad organizada que no puede ser pensada separando cada uno de los elementos que la componen; cada uno de ellos es definido por su relación con los otros elementos. Así, un pensamiento que integra diferentes disciplinas y saberes comienza a manejar una realidad que lejos está de definir certezas inamovibles, y comienza a vislumbrar horizontes estratégicos. La adaptación a la no linealidad de las relaciones que se dan sobre el territorio, y la diferencia de velocidades en las que actúan los distintos actores, nos exige hacer de la flexibilidad una característica esencial de la metodología de planificación estratégica. La multi-causalidad de los fenómenos que estructuran el territorio nos obliga a construir criterios cualitativos, entendiendo que nos es imposible la medición de estas cadenas causales y su reconstrucción completa en el tiempo; sin dejar por ello de edificar un marco profundo de acción y transformación que responda a una realidad cierta y veraz. Los fenómenos producidos sobre el territorio nunca actúan de manera aislada, lo que implica una responsabilidad a la hora de comprender las sinergias y la restricción que afectan los resultados de los procesos desatados. La presente ponencia corresponde a la Segunda Fase del proceso de identificación estratégica de los proyectos Plan Estratégico Territorial (PET) que se inició en el año 2005; dicho Plan es llevada a cabo por la Subsecretaría de Planificación Territorial del Ministerio de Planificación Federal y fue abordado sobre la base de tres pretensiones: institucionalizar el ejercicio del pensamiento estratégico, fortalecer la metodología de trabajo transdisciplinaria y multisectorial, y diseñar un sistema de ponderación de proyectos estratégicos de infraestructura, tanto a nivel provincial como nacional, con una fuerte base cualitativa. Este proceso dio como resultado una cartera ponderada de proyectos de infraestructura conjuntamente con una metodología que permitió consolidar los equipos provinciales de planificación, tanto en su relación con los decisores políticos como con los actores de los múltiples sectores del gobierno, y en estos resultados consolidar y reforzar una cultura del pensamiento estratégico sobre el territorio ; Nowadays, the concept of territory is viewed as an organized whole which cannot be considered isolating each of the elements that make it up; said elements are defined according to their relationships with each other. Thus, a thought that integrates different disciplines and fields of knowledge begins to handle a reality that is far from defining immovable certainties and starts to glimpse strategic horizons. Adjustment to the nonlinearity of the relationships that occur regarding the territory, and the different speeds players move compel us to make flexibility the essential feature of strategic planning methodology. The phenomena multi causality that structures the territory compels us to build qualitative criteria, understanding that it is impossible to measure these causal chains and their complete reconstruction in time; notwithstanding the fact that we should build a deep action frame and formulate a transformation in response to a certain true reality. The phenomena produced in relation to the territory can never be cut off from the rest, what implies a certain responsibility when time calls for comprehension of synergies and of the restriction that affects the results of the processes unleashed. This presentation refers to the Second Phase of the process of strategic identification related to the Territorial Strategic Plan (Plan Estratégico Territorial, PET) projects, which began in 2005; said Plan is carried out by the Ministry of Federal Planning Undersecretary of Territorial Planning, and its approach is based on three purposes: institutionalizing the strategic thinking practice; strengthening a work methodology that is transdisciplinary and multi-sector; and designing a system to ponder strategic infrastructure projects with strong qualitative grounds, both within the provincial level and the national level. This process resulted in a pondered portfolio of infrastructure projects, aided by a methodology that enabled consolidation of provincial planning teams both in their relationships with political decision-makers as well as with players coming from several sectors of government, which ultimately consolidate and strengthen a culture of strategic thinking about the territory
Correspondence of the Harburger and Stack Company and Gen. Alvaro Obregón, related to the compensation that business demands for damages and losses resulting from the Revolution. File H-3 / Correspondencia entre la Compañía Harburger and Stack y el Gral. Alvaro Obregón, relativa a la indemnización que esta empresa reclama por daños y pérdidas ocasionados durante la Revolución. Exp. H-3
George Santayana (1863-1952) appears emotionally distant and personally uncommitted in many of his writings. In what may have been a related phenomenon, he does not seem to have committed to any school of philosophy, but rather to draw from many of the available schools when it suited him. In this article, we assess his constantly changing use of different philosophies and its implications for both philosophy and politics.
Contrary to the dominant literature and policy orientations, evidence from the Algerian case in two periods of study suggests that no positive link exists between economic liberalization and democratization. Instead, placing the focus on the content and context of these processes reveals that they are seldom objectives in themselves. Between 1988 and 1992, democratization was clearly instrumental in liberalizing the economy and this proved to be fatal for both. As for the period 1994–99, economic liberalization and democratization were complementary strategies aimed at keeping the regime in place. Although they were successful in this goal, neither of them was consistently implemented or pursued.
