Suchergebnisse

Biljke su, kao živi svet prirode, inkorporirane u deo složenog sistema koji je izgradio čovek - sistema kulture, i u tom sistemu je čovek biljkama pridao važnu simboličku ulogu. U radu se razmatra kategorija biljaka u basmama na korpusu južnoslovenske bajalačke tradicije i date reference se mogu podeliti na dve osnovne kategorije: botaničku kategoriju (morfološki opis, stanište, upotreba i neki drugi relevantni podaci) i simboličku kategoriju (verovanje u njihovu magijsku funkciju). Biljni svet u ovom tipu basma tipološki se deli na dve osnovne skupine: realne biljke sa simboličkim funkcijama u obredu i biljke čije se postojanje ne može sa sigurnošću potvrditi a koje, takođe, imaju simboličku ulogu (svakojake travuljine). Prezentuju se parametri zasnovani na svojstvima primenjenim u tradicionalnoj kulturi, koji su postali sastavni deo semiotičkog statusa: oblik/forma, miris, ukus, otrovnost, lekovitost (medicinska upotreba), jestivost, simbolička funkcija, senovite biljke, frekventnost. Razmatra se njihova funkcija u 'profilaksi' ili u samom procesu 'skidanja' čini, analizira se njihova simbolika i frekventnost.

The overall aim with this study was to gather knowledge about countermeasures for driver fatigue (including sleepiness) in road, rail, sea and air transportation. The knowledge has been used as an input for evaluating advantages and disadvantages with different countermeasures and to estimate their potential to be used regardless mode of transportation. The method used was a literature review and a workshop with experts from all transportation modes. At the workshop the effectiveness of countermeasures for a single mode, but also regardless mode were discussed and a ranking was done. The report discuss the potential of fighting fatigue among drivers for specific mode of transport but also from a more generic point of view, considering scheduling, model prediction of fatigue risk, legislation, a just culture, technical solutions, infrastructure, education, self-administered alertness interventions and fatigue risk management (FRM). The overall judgement was that a just culture, education, possibility to nap and schedules taking the humans limitations into consideration as the most effective countermeasures to fight fatigue, regardless mode of transportation. ; Det övergripande syftet med detta arbete har varit att samla den kunskap som finns kring hur man på bästa sätt kan motverka att förartrötthet uppstår hos förare i de olika transportslagen väg, järnväg, sjö och i luften. Insamlad kunskap har använts för att bedöma för- och nackdelar med motåtgärderna och för att bedöma deras transportslagsövergripande potential. Studien omfattar en litteraturgenomgång och en workshop med experter från de olika trafikslagen vid vilken motåtgärder diskuterades och rangordnades efter upplevd effektivitet såväl enskilt som transportslagsövergripande. Rapporten diskuterar potentialen av motåtgärder för att minska förartrötthet i olika transportslag men även transportslagsövergripande. Det som beaktas är i synnerhet schemaläggning, modellprediktion av trötthetsrisk, lagstiftning, en rättvis kultur, tekniska lösningar, infrastruktur, utbildning, självadministrerad trötthetsintervention, fatigue risk management (FRM). Den samlade bedömningen var att de mest effektiva transportslagsövergripande åtgärder för yrkesverksamma förare är en förlåtande kultur, det vill säga att det alltid är mer korrekt att rapportera problem som uppstått än att inte rapportera dem, utbildning, möjligheter att kunna ta en tupplur och schemaläggning som beaktar människans begränsningar.

Demokratikleşme literatürü siyasal rejim konusunda pek çok dinamikten söz etmektedir; ekonomik kalkınma, sosyal sınıflar, siyasi kurumlar, siyasi kültür ve uluslararası faktörler. Farklı yer ve zamanlarda iş dünyasının siyasi davranışını inceleyen bu makale demokratikleşmenin sosyal dinamiklerini anlaşılmasına katkıda bulunmayı hedeflemektedir. Çalışma Brezilya ve Arjantin'deki iş dünyasının ülkelerindeki siyasi rejim değişikliği sürecindeki rolünü incelemektedir. Bunu yaparken her iki ülkedeki üç farkı döneme bakılmaktadır: Brezilya'da 1961-1964 Goulart dönemi, 1964-1985 askeri rejim dönemi ve 1985-1990 Yeni Cumhuriyet Dönemi; Arjantin'de 1976 darbesi, 1976-1983 askeri rejim dönemi ve 1983 sonrası demokrasiye geçiş dönemi. Çalışmanın temel tezi iş dünyasının faydacı bir aktör olarak şartlı demokrat olduğudur. Çıkar değerlendirmesine göre farklı dönemlerde demokrasinin yanında ya da karşısında olabilmektedir ; The democratization literature discusses various dynamics of regime change including economic development, social classes, political institutions, political culture and international factors. By examining business behavior in different temporal and spatial contexts, the article expects to enhance our understanding of social dynamics of democratization. This study examines the role of business in political change in Brazil and Argentina. The Brazilian case involves temporal comparisons across the 1961-1964 Goulart period, the 1964-1985 military regime, and the New Republic The Argentine case, on the other hand, includes three periods: the 1976 coup, 1976-1983 military regime and the post-1983 transition to democracy. This article argues that business, as a pragmatic actor, is a contingent democrat. It could be supporter of both democracy and authoritarian rule on the basis of their interest considerations

Problem je ovoga istraživanja nedovoljno učinkovit način obrazovanja vođa u poslovnim školama. Iako je potreba za vođama u svijetu sve veća, vjeruje se da je neadekvatno obrazovanje u poslovnim školama doprinijelo sustavnom nedostatku vodstva, što je dovelo do financijske i moralne globalne krize. Smatra se da poslovne škole u svojim obrazovnim programima premalo pažnje posvećuju etici i sustavu vrijednosti. Međutim, uz univerzalne principe vodstva, svako društvo i kultura moraju definirati svoje potrebe vodstva i "otkriti" svrhu, način djelovanja i upotrebu moći. Stoga je cilj ovoga istraživanja izraditi prijedlog učinkovitog kurikuluma za obrazovanje vođa u hrvatskim poslovnim školama. Šira je društvena svrha aktualizacija teme vodstva i obrazovanja za vodstvo kao nasušne potrebe hrvatskog društva na svim razinama. Za potrebe teorijskog dijela rada provedeno je sekundarno istraživanje znanstvene i stručne literature, stranih i domaćih autora. Objašnjeni su pojam, definicije i karakteristike vodstva te iznesen povijesni pregled raznih teorija i pristupa vodstvu. Naveden je kratki pregled istraživanja o učinku kulture i njezinom utjecaju na obrazovanje za vodstvo. Opisan je primjer dobre prakse u kreiranju i praćenju uspješnosti obrazovnih politika i strategija te neki obrazovni programi vodstva i njihov utjecaj na razvoj vođa. Na temelju spoznaja dobivenih iz provedenog sekundarnog istraživanja, kreiran je prijedlog kurikuluma za obrazovanje vođa koji nedostaje u Hrvatskoj. Predloženi višeslojni model temelji se na multidisciplinarnom znanju utemeljenom u tradiciji poslovnih škola i humanističkih znanosti, tako da potiče razvoj analitičkih, konceptualnih, međuljudskih i praktičnih vještina. Posebna je važnost dana praksi, coachingu i mentorskom pristupu kao alatima pomoću kojih se studentima omogućava iskustveno učenje. Inovativnim vježbama i praksom studente se priprema da budu transformacijski vođe koji će znati učinkovito komunicirati viziju i misiju svojim suradnicima i sljedbenicima. Posebno je naglašena globalna perspektiva i potreba za integracijom etike i sustava vrijednosti u svaki dio obrazovnog procesa. ; The focus of this study is on leadership education in business schools which is not effective enough. Although the global demand for leaders is growing, it is believed that the inadequate education in business schools contributed to the systemic failure in leadership that led to the current global financial and moral crisis. It is thought that business schools do not pay enough attention to ethics and the system of values. However, in addition to the universal principles of leadership every society and culture has to define their own leadership needs in order to 'discover' the purpose, mode of operation and use of power. Therefore, the aim of this research is to propose an effective curriculum for leadership education in Croatian business schools. A broader social objective is to promote the topic of leadership and education for leadership as the fundamental need of the Croatian society at all its levels. Secondary research of scientific and professional literature by Croatian and other authors was conducted for the theoretical part of the paper. The concept, definitions and characteristics of leadership are explained and a historical overview of various leadership theories and approaches is given. The paper gives a short overview of the research on culture and its impact on leadership education. An account of good practice is given concerning the establishment and monitoring of educational policies and strategies and some educational programmes for leadership and their influence on the development of leaders. A curriculum proposal is formulated for the education of Croatian leaders on the basis of insight gained from the secondary research. The proposed multilevel model is based on the multidisciplinary knowledge founded in the tradition of business schools and humanistic sciences so that it stimulates the development of analytical, conceptual, interpersonal and practical skills. Special importance is placed on practice, coaching and mentoring as the tools for students to learn from experience. By means of innovative assignments and practice students are prepared to become transformational leaders who will be able to effectively communicate the vision and mission to their co-workers and followers. Global perspective is emphasised as well as the need to integrate ethics and the system of values in every aspect of the educational process.

Boundary works of Grindr research: Sociological and queer perspectives on shame and intimacy As a newly minted PhD student I am eager to explain to my colleagues what hook-up apps are and why we should care to look at them. One day at the University campus talking to a colleague I find myself out of words that satisfactorily describes the feeling of navigating the grid of Grindr, the hook-up app that my sexual biography as a gay man is inseparable of. I decide to "show don't tell'. In powering up the app on my iPad I get a sinking feeling. Perhaps this isn't right? Who will pop up in the grid of pictures, maybe in "challenging" positions? Students, staff, colleagues? As these thoughts make their way through my head the app has loaded and I find myself anxiously explaining the basic affordances in a swift, matter of fact style, and soon closing down the app, doing my best to move on. Introduction The issues at play in the above vignette (Humphreys 2005) represent at least two familiar issues: The media scholar working ethnographically finding that there seems to be "two there's there" (Schegloff 2002); and the queer, insider researcher coming into academia and moving back into the queer cultural spaces that they are emotional invested in and have privileged access to. Ethnography has a long tradition for using and thinking about the slipping and sliding of identities into cultural spaces. Due to the mediatization (Lundby 2014, Hepp 2015) of intimate encounters (Linke 2011, Peil 2014) media ethnographers face both a quantitative increase and a qualitatively changed situation. In the vignette, the fact that the Grindr app, by way of its locative abilities, displays users nearby ties directly into the felt discomfort: The fact that the community that is "exposed" comprises of students and faculty members that might not have attuned their sexualised self-presentations to such a gaze. Here the public-private expectations come into play, tying into established Internet scholarly debates on the ethical issues regarding these distinctions (Markham 2012, Marwick 2014). The paper argues that developments within queer, affective theory, as well as sociological and critical notions of intimacy, can shed new light on the challenges that media ethnographers encounter. It builds on the work done by queer ethnographic scholars, in that it interrogates not only the actions in fieldwork but also the distinctions and value hierarchies at play, and through that, the norms that put them in place. Further I take on the notion of intimacy to asses its analytical and critical potentials for unraveling the chronicled experience of shame. Shameful transgression The issues at play in the vignette attain to the feeling of shame in the face of what is perceived as a lacklustre negotiation of the classical ethnographical divide of insider and outsider knowledge, positioning, and identity. The vignette as well as the following general hesitancy to bring forward the field memo shows, that a researcher's affective investment in a given subject swiftly and determinately propels actions seeking to annul the experienced boundary transgression. Adding to the immediate implies for "damage control" shame both reveals taboos and seeks to erase actions that reveals the researcher as a transgressor. This is in line with queer and feminist works on affect (Ahmed 2004, Munt 2007, Bissenbakker 2013) that interrogates shame as moments that both reveal the investments that in turn produce and is produced by the affective response. These questions are critically discussed by way of the concept of 'safe space' and feminist ethics of care. Intimate boundary works There are phycological and sociological approaches that use it to describe types of interpersonal relationships (Giddens 1992, Baumeister 2007, Stempfhuber 2011, Nordqvist 2013). Related to this approach is the understanding that intimacy is something that is done, that is practiced. It can be understood as arising from boundary works (Jamieson 2005, [Auhor of this paper] forthcoming) and thus be ontologically entangled with the meeting of the prospect of boundary transgression that marks the end of intimacy. Lauren Berlant on the other hand sees intimacy as: …the processes by which intimate lives absorb and repel the rhetorics, laws, ethics, and ideologies of the hegemonic public sphere, but also personalize the effects of the public sphere and reproduce a fantasy that private life is the real in contrast to collective life: the surreal, the elsewhere, the fallen, the irrelevant. (Berlant 1998) The production of a public/private divide serves to orient subject attention towards interpersonal matters, making invisible the forces that define which exact distinctions to police. This paper argues for an integrative approach, an amalgamation of sociological and critical intimacy theory. The paper argues that intimacy understood as boundary work between individuals is valuable in its bringing out the mechanics of being in public or private. It is also the level in which affective investments operate, which promotes critical methodological and ethical reflection. The critical perspective is also important in that it targets the very establishment of public and private realms, something that multilayered media practice complicates. It is argued that a critical approach to intimacy must take into account the ways that seemingly public, online visibilities and actions through discursive and affective work become intimate encounters. References Ahmed, S. (2004): The Cultural Politics of Emotion. Routledge. Baumeister, R. F., & Vohs, K. (2007). Encyclopedia of social psychology, 498–499. Berlant, L. (2016). Intimacy : A Special Issue, 24(2), 281–288. Bissenbakker, Mons. (2013). Krumme tæer: Skam i krydsfeltet mellem queer, feministiske og postkoloniale teorier. Kvinder, Køn & Forskning, (1), 25–36. Jørgensen, K. M. (in review). Grænsekrydser, backstabber og opportunist: Praksisbaseret etik som intimt grænsearbejde. Giddens, A. (1992). The transformation of intimacy: Sexuality, love and eroticism in modern societies. Oxford: Polity press. Hepp, A., Hjarvard, S., & Lundby, K. (2015). Mediatization: theorizing the interplay between media, culture and society. Media, Culture & Society, 37(2). Humphreys, M. (2005). Getting Personal: Reflexivity and Autoethnographic Vignettes. Qualitative Inquiry, 11(6), 840–860. Jamieson, L. (2005). Boundaries of Intimacy. In S. Cunningham-Burley (Ed.), Families in Society. Boundaries and relationships (pp. 189–205). Polity press. Linke, C. (2011). Being a couple in a media world: The mediatization of everyday communication in couple relationships. Communications, 36(1), 91–111. Lundby, K. (ed.) (2014). Mediatization of Communication: Handbooks of Communication Science, vol. 21. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. Marwick, A., & Boyd, D. (2014). Networked privacy: How teenagers negotiate context in social media. New Media & Society. Markham, A., & Buchanan, E. (2012). Ethical Decision-Making and Internet Research Recommendations from the AoIR Ethics Working Committee. Recommendations from the AoIR Ethics Working Committee (Version 2.0), 19. Munt, S. R. (2007) Queer Attachments. The Cultural Politics of Shame. Ashgate. Nordqvist, P. (2013): Lesbian love and the troublesome sperm donor: intimacy, normality and morality in new stories about conception. In: Sanger, T., Taylor, Y. (ed.): Mapping Intimacies: relations, exchanges, affects. Palgrave Macmillan. Peil, C. & Röser, J. (2014). The Meaning of Home in the Context of Digitization, Mobilization and Mediatization. In: Hepp, A., & Krotz, F. (Eds.). Mediatized Worlds. Palgrave Macmillan. Schegloff, E. (2002). Beginnings in the Telephone. In J. Katz & M. Aakhus (Eds.), Perpetual Contact: Mobile Communication, Private Talk, Public Performance (pp. 284–300). Cambridge University Press. Stychin, C. (1998). A nation by rights: National cultures, sexual identity politics and the discourse of rights. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press.

The political events that took place at the end of 2003 in Georgia, in 2004 in Ukraine and in 2005 in Kyrgyzstan are popularly called the Rose, Orange and Tulip Revolution or collectively: the Colour Revolutions in the post-Soviet space. At first glance the term "revolution" may seem appropriate. The Colour Revolutions have resulted in the regime change in all the three states. However, from a decade-long perspective one may notice that the revolutionary changes in the political systems of Georgia, Ukraine and Kyrgyzstan did not actually take place. The post-revolutionary reality: the Russian-Georgian war and criminal charges against the revolutionary Georgian President Micheil Saakashvili, the infamous ending to the political career of the revolutionary leader Victor Yushchenko just four year after the Orange Revolution and the spectacular collapse of the Victor Yanukovych regime, which led to a hybrid warfare with Russia, or Kyrgyzstan's permanent political instability following the revolutionary events of 2005 require yet another insight into what has happened in Tbilisi, Kiev, and Bishkek. Without an in-depth analysis of the events, it is impossible to understand the fundamental social and political dynamics of the ongoing and future changes in Eastern Europe, the Caucasus or Central Asia. The re-evaluation of the Colour Revolutions is not only of historical importance, though. It is also a universal lesson concerning the most important challenge that all the democratic social movements active in the authoritarian or post-authoritarian states have to face: how to manage large-scale civil disobedience protests of a disappointed society while the ruling governments do not follow democratic rules and the international community does not fully comprehend the significance of the ongoing changes.

The article confirms the hypothesis that a multiplicity of parties of the European and national levels forms the party system of the European Union (EU). The authors describe the main characteristics of Europarties and political groups comprised of them as key actors in the European Parliament's (EP) political and legislative processes. The authors adopt the institutional approach and make use of the tools of the comparative, structural, and functional analyses. Special attention is paid to the "two-tier" structure -the connection between national and supranational institutions- as a key feature of the European Union's party system. The study is based on the European Parliament framework laws, election results, Europarties' political programmes, as well as on the comparison of the composition of the Europarties and EU bodies. The analysis provides a new perspective on the major processes and contradictions in the functioning of the European Parliament and demonstrates that the transformation of the EU from an intergovernmental association to a (con)federation has not completed yet.

U kulturi binarnih sustava, digitalnih sadržaja i tehnoloških praksi autorska prava i zakon o autorskom pravu prolaze kroz određene promjene. Tehnološki razvoj postupno potiče razvoj novog koncepta autorstva i autorskih prava, promovirajući slobodni internet i digitalno tržište te stvarajući novo suvremeno iskustvo kulture utemeljene na digitalnoj tehnologiji, masovnoj komunikaciji i svijetu multimedije i virtualnosti. Unatoč tomu što računalna i digitalna tehnologija na različite načine služe i autoru i korisniku, obje su tehnologije ujedno i vrlo plodno tlo za razmjenu zaštićenih autorskih djela, što dovodi do pojave različitih oblika kršenja autorskih prava. Cilj je ovoga rada identificirati i analizirati načine na koje računalna i digitalna tehnologija potiču razvoj novih trendova u području proizvodnje (npr. kultura remixa) i konzumacije i distribucije (npr. peer-to-peer tehnologija za razmjenu podataka) digitalnih kulturnih sadržaja, ali i utvrditi kako novi oblici distribucije i korištenja digitalnih sadržaja mijenjaju i oblikuju percepciju autorstva u 21. stoljeću. Kako bi analizirali prirodu, strukturu i dinamiku utjecaja novih digitalnih i mrežnih tehnologija na koncept autorstva i autorskih prava te kako bi ispitali konzistentnost postavljenih hipoteza, autori su proveli anketu među općom hrvatskom populacijom u dobi od 15 do 60 i više godina. Prikupljeno je ukupno 535 ispunjenih upitnika. Podaci su analizirani pomoću alata SPSS i metode kvantitativne analize. Posebna je pozornost posvećena konceptu autorstva u digitalnom okružju kao i konceptu peer-to-peer tehnologije za razmjenu podataka koja je, unatoč tomu što je prisutna već dulje vrijeme, još uvijek popularna mrežna arhitektura za distribuciju, korištenje i razmjenu digitalnih sadržaja. Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su da većina ispitanika koristi peer-to-peer tehnologiju za razmjenu podataka kako bi pristupila digitalnim kulturnim sadržajima (npr. filmovima, glazbi, knjigama i sl.) te kako bi ih konzumirala i/ ili dalje dijelila putem mreže, kršeći pritom prava autora, odnosno nositelja autorskih prava. To je ujedno jedan od glavnih razloga zašto nositelji autorskih prava i kreativna industrija neprestano pokušavaju pronaći nove načine kako se boriti protiv peer-to-peer tehnologije, posebice kada je u pitanju komercijalna distribucija kulturnih sadržaja, čime ponekad ograničavaju kulturnu proizvodnju i tehnološki napredak. To dovodi do zaključka da novo dinamično, decentralizirano i distribuirano mrežno okružje utemeljeno na principima digitalne demokracije i participirajuće kulture prosumera traži određene izmjene zakona o autorskom pravu i nova rješenja o pitanju njegova kršenja. Istraživanje je pokazalo da se temeljno razumijevanje autorstva, tj. prava autora i drugih kreativnih djelatnika u kontekstu internetske kulture i digitalnih medija nije značajno promijenilo, no uslijed pojave novih načina digitalne proizvodnje i konzumacije kulturnih sadržaja, stavovi, navike i prakse korisnika doživjele su određene promjene. Sukladno tomu zakonodavstvo mora pronaći nove i drugačije mehanizme kako bi uspostavilo ravnotežu između potreba i prava autora i potreba i prava korisnika. ; Author's rights and copyright law have gone through quite a few changes in the 'post-print' culture of binary systems, digital formations and techno-practices. Technological development supports a new concept of author's rights by promoting a free internet and digital market, as well as new contemporary experience of culture that is rooted in digital technology, mass communication and the world of multimedia and virtuality. Though computer and digital technology have served both authors and users in various ways, they have also served as a very fertile ground for sharing copyrighted content, thus leading to numerous copyright infringements and conflicts with the copyright law. The aim of this paper is to identify and analyze the ways in which computer and digital technology have given rise to new trends in the production (e.g. remix culture) and consumption (e.g. peer-to-peer file sharing technology) of culture, but also to determine how new forms of distribution, use and sharing of digital content changed and shaped the perception of authorship in the 21st century. In order to analyze the dynamic, nature and structure by which new digital and networking technologies are affecting the concept of authorship and author's rights and to test the consistency of previously established hypotheses, we conducted a survey amongst the general public. 535 questionnaires were completed. Data was analyzed using SPSS tool and a quantitative method of analysis. In the analysis special attention was given to both, the concept of authorship in the digital environment and the concept of peer-to-peer file sharing technology as not so new, but still very popular networked architecture for distributing, using and sharing digital content. Results have shown that most of the respondents use peer-to-peer file sharing technology to access, consume and/or share different cultural content (e.g. movies, music, books, etc.) while violating the rights of copyright holders. That is one of the main reasons why copyright holders and creative industry constantly finds new ways to fight peer-to-peer networking technology, especially commercial file sharing, thus sometimes restraining cultural production and even technological development. This leads to the conclusion that this new dynamic, decentralized and distributed networked environment grounded in digital democracy and participating culture of prosumers asks for new legal initiatives and solutions. The research shows that the basic understanding of authorship and the rights of authors and other creative workers in the context of Internet culture and digital media has not changed a lot, but due to new available digital means of production and tools of consumption, users' attitudes, habits and practices towards them have. To resolve this conflict, the law needs to find new mechanisms to establish the balance between the needs and rights of both authors and users.

Članak predočava sadržaje vezane uz kulturalno prikladnu pedagogiju adolescenata u raznolikom i promjenjivom svijetu. Autor elaborira utjecaje koji dovode do raskoraka između političkih principa, socijalnih vrijednosti, privatnih uvjerenja i moralnih normi, na primjerima etničkih sukoba i seksualnog nasilja europske pluralističke demokracije. Potom predstavlja i uspoređuje rezultate brojnih istraživanja koji govore o važnosti interkulturalnog odgoja i obrazovanja i razvoja interkulturalnih kompetencija, a predstavljaju neprekidan razvoj i razumijevanje veza među kulturama. To podrazumijeva razumijevanje i prihvaćanje karakterističnih uvjerenja i ponašanja specifičnih društvenih skupina unutar pluralističkog društva koje se ističu svojom posebnošću u odnosu na dominantnu kulturu, rasu, etničku pripadnost, religiju, fizičke i/ili mentalne sposobnost, spol i/ili spolnu orijentaciju. Interkulturalni su sadržaji, kao i tolerancija, sastavni dio Hrvatskog nacionalnog kurikuluma koji je otvoren, demokratičan i inkluzivan. U zaključku autor ističe implikacije interkulturalnog odgoja i obrazovanja za razvoj školskog kurikuluma i objašnjava zašto je važno razumjeti širok spektar novih izazova s kojima se djeca i adolescenti suočavaju u modernom društvu koje se vrtoglavo mijenja na globalnoj razini. ; This article presents background information for culturally appropriate pedagogy of adolescents in a diverse and changing world. The author elaborates the influence of the gap between political principles, social values, private convictions and moral norms, illustrated by the examples of ethnic conflicts and sexual violence of European pluralistic democracy. Than he presents and compares the results of numerous studies, which emphasize the importance of intercultural education and intercultural competence development which signifies constant development and understanding of the relationship among cultures which implies understanding and accepting of the characteristic beliefs and conducts of specific social groups within plural society, which stand out with their uniqueness in relation to dominant culture, race, ethnicity, religion, physical and/or mental capability, gender and/or sexual orientation. Intercultural contents were, also stated, as well as toleration in CNF, which is open, democratic and inclusive. In conclusion he points out some of the implications for intercultural education across school (curriculum) development and explains why is important to understand the wide range of new challenges that child and adolescents face in our rapidly changing global world. ; Der Beitrag präsentiert inhaltlich die kulturell angemessene Pädagogik der Jugendlichen in einer vielfältigen und sich wandelnden Welt. Der Autor erläutert die Einflüsse, die zum Zwiespalt unter politischen Grundsätzen, sozialen Werten, privaten Überzeugungen und moralischen Normen führen, indem er Beispiele von ethnischen Konflikten und sexueller Gewalt in der europäischen pluralistischen Demokratie nennt. Dann präsentiert und vergleicht er die Ergebnisse aus zahlreichen Studien, die die Wichtigkeit der interkulturellen Erziehung und Bildung und der Entwicklung interkultureller Kompetenzen zeigen, und die eine ununterbrochene Entwicklung und das Verständnis von den Zusammenhängen unter den Kulturen darstellen. Dies impliziert das Verständnis und die Anerkennung der charakteristischen Überzeugungen und Verhaltensweisen bestimmter gesellschaftlicher Gruppen innerhalb einer pluralistischen Gesellschaft, die durch ihre Besonderheit in Bezug auf die herrschende Kultur, Rasse, ethnische Zugehörigkeit, Religion, körperliche und/oder geistige Fähigkeiten, Geschlecht und/oder sexuelle Orientierung auffallen. Interkulturelle Inhalte sind, wie die Toleranz, ein integraler Bestandteil des kroatischen nationalen Curriculums, das offen, demokratisch und integrativ ist. Zum Abschluss weist der Autor auf die Auswirkungen der interkulturellen Erziehung und Bildung auf die Entwicklung des Schulcurriculums hin und erklärt, warum es wichtig ist, eine breite Palette von neuen Herausforderungen zu verstehen, denen Kinder und Jugendlichen in einer modernen und sich auf der globalen Ebene rasch wandelnden Gesellschaft begegnen.

Rad se ponajprije usredotočava na iskustva djece izbjeglica iz Poljske u Drugome svjetskome ratu prikazana u dječjoj književnosti. Neka od njih preseljena su na Novi Zeland. Vlada Novoga Zelanda prihvatila je 1944. godine 733 djece izbjeglica iz Poljske koja su preživjela deportaciju u radne logore Sovjetskoga Saveza u Sibiru, prije negoli su dospjela u kampove Crvenoga križa u Iranu. Za ovu poljsku djecu dolazak u Novi Zeland, najjužniju britansku koloniju, bilo je izazovno i zbunjujuće iskustvo. Iako je Drugi svjetski rat iznjedrio velik broj izbjegličkih pripovijedi, malo je, međutim, onih koje dokumentiraju putovanja obitelji protjeranih iz rodne Poljske i deportiranih u Rusiju, odakle ih se selilo u države poput Novoga Zelanda. Ovakav razmjer iseljavanja ukazuje na dubinu kulturne traume i njezine manifestacije u analiziranim književnim tekstovima. Rad sugerira da način povijesnoga prikaza zabilježen u analiziranim pripovijedima naznačuje prikladan put za daljnja istraživanja transnacionalne književnosti, upućujući na mogućnost književnosti da nadilazi nacionalne granice te da interakcije među kulturama postavi u prvi plan. Rad propituje na koji se način dječja književnost koja prikazuje iskustva djece izbjeglica iz Poljske pozicionira unutar diskursa o kulturnoj traumi. ; This paper focuses primarily on the experiences of Polish child refugees in World War 2, some of whom were relocated to New Zealand. In 1944, the New Zealand government accepted 733 Polish refugee children who had survived deportation to the Soviet Union labour camps in Siberia before reaching Red Cross camps in Iran. For these Polish children, arrival in New Zealand, the southernmost colonial outpost of Britain, was a challenging and bewildering process. While many refugee narratives have been produced as a consequence of World War 2, few, if any, document the journeys undertaken by families who were evicted from their Polish homeland and deported to Russia, before being relocated to countries such as New Zealand. Displacement on such a scale underscores the depth of cultural trauma and its manifestations in the selected texts. This paper suggests that the mode of historical representation in the texts constructs a timely pathway for further exploration of transnational literature, signalling how texts can extend beyond national boundaries, and foreground interactions between cultures. The paper probes how children's literature that depicts the experiences of Polish child refugees situates itself within a discourse of cultural trauma. ; Im Mittelpunkt des Beitrags stehen die in einigen kinder- und jugendliterarischen Werken verarbeiteten Erfahrungen der polnischen Flüchtlingskinder aus dem Zweiten Weltkrieg, die nach Neuseeland übersiedelt wurden. Die neuseeländische Regierung nahm 1944 733 polnische, die Deportation in die sibirischen Arbeitslager überlebende Flüchtlingskinder auf, bevor sie in den Rotes-Kreuz-Lagern in Iran untergebracht wurden. Für die polnischen Kinder war der Aufenthalt in Neuseeland, dieser südlichsten britischen Kolonie, sowohl eine Herausforderung als auch eine verwirrende Erfahrung. Obwohl aus dem Zweiten Weltkrieg eine Vielzahl von Flüchtlingserzählungen hervorgegangen ist, ist die Zahl derer gering, in denen die Reise der aus dem heimischen Polen vertriebenen und nach Russland deportierten, bzw. von da aus nach Neuseeland übersiedelten Familien dokumentiert wird. Das Ausmaß der Reise weist in den analysierten literarischen Texten auf die Tiefe des kulturellen Traumas und dessen Erscheinungsformen hin. Im Beitrag wird darauf hingewiesen, dass die in den analysierten Texten festgestellten historischen Darstellungsweisen den Weg für weitere Erforschung im Bereich der transnationalen Literatur eröffnen, weil darin die nationalen Grenzen als überwunden erscheinen und die Interaktion zwischen den Kulturen in den Vordergrund rückt. Im Beitrag wird ferner die Position der Kinder- und Jugendliteratur, welche die Erfahrungen der polnischen Flüchtlingskinder verarbeitet, im Rahmen des Diskurses über kulturelle Traumata erforscht.

Rad razmatra povijesna, simbolička i ideološko-politička obilježja motiva i likova na papirnatom novcu koji je stavljen u optjecaj tijekom hiperinflacije u Mađarskoj 1945.-1946. godine. Daje se povijesni kontekst i navode uzroci mađarske hiperinflacije, opisuju se novčanice koje su se nalazile u optjecaju, a neko su vrijeme važile dvije paralelne valute (pengö i adópengö). Osobita pozornost pridaje se pojavi kvazihrvatskih natpisa na nekim novčanicama. Zaključuje se da je početna teza o razbijanju kulturno-povijesnoga slijeda novčane simbolike i ikonografije djelomično potvrđena jer je, bez obzira na lošu materijalnu situaciju koja je uvjetovala proizvodnju novih novčanica, nastavljena već uspostavljena tradicija uporabe mađarskih pučkih motiva koji povezuju prve novčanice penga iz 1926. godine i poslijeratne novčanice forinte sve do 1980-ih. Nadalje, bez obzira na jezično iskrivljene hrvatske natpise, određeni broj novčanica treba smjestiti u kontekst hrvatske numizmatike jer su na simboličkoj razini bile priznanje kulture i povijesti hrvatske nacionalne manjine u Mađarskoj. ; The paper discusses historical, symbolical, ideological and political characteristics of motifs and individuals that were depicted on Hungarian paper money in the period of hyperinflation of 1945-1946. In the introductory part the paper gives a historical context and discusses the causes of the Hungarian hyperinflation, then describes the banknotes that were put into circulation in the given period, including the so called ''tax pengö'' which served as a parallel currency for a limited time period. Particular attention is given to the distorted Croatian inscriptions found on some banknotes. It is concluded that the initial hypothesis about the break in the cultural and historical continuity in symbolism and iconography on the banknotes is only partially confirmed, because in spite of the lack of production material that impeded the printing of new banknotes, the already established tradition of the use of Hungarian folk motifs (that appear on paper money from 1926 to 1980ies) on banknotes was continued. Furthermore, in spite of the distorted and incorrect Croatian banknote values given on the back of some of the banknotes, the said banknotes need to be included in the context of the Croatian numismatics, because on a symbolic level the inscriptions in the Croatian language presented the recognition of history and culture of the Croatian national minority in Hungary.

The article is based on a longitudinal study of Chinese college students who studied abroad as part of their BA programme in Preschool Education. It first examines the Chinese discourse on preschool education in order to understand the current situation in the students' professional field. The main section then discusses students' attitudes to what they perceived to be key values and principles in early childhood education in the West: freedom, individual rights, equality, and creativity. Students generally expressed strong support for these values and wanted to reform Chinese institutions accordingly. The article argues, based on this case, that while Chinese students abroad may not see themselves as the vanguard of macro-level political reforms, some of them certainly want to play a role in the gradual transformation of Chinese institutions in their respective professional fields. (JCCA/GIGA)

Pitanja vezana uz pristup kulturi ušla su u fokus kulturnih politika s ciljem da doprinesu kulturnom razvoju, kvaliteti života građana, društvenoj uključenosti, i sl., pri čemu su razmatrane i mogućnosti koje digitalni prostor pruža kulturnom sektoru za omogućavanje pristupa kulturnom sadržaju. Pitanja pristupa kulturi u digitalnom kontekstu podrazumijevaju aspekte vezane uz uklanjanje prepreka pristupu kulturnim resursima kao i poticanje i promicanje mogućnosti građana za participaciju u kulturi. Koncept se defi nira kao dinamičan društveni proces, a ne kao jednostavno infrastrukturno omogućavanje pristupa. Pristup kulturnim resursima u digitalnom kontekstu suočava nas sa novim mogućnostima i preprekama na koje kulturne politike moraju adekvatno odgovoriti kako bi potakle razvoj digitalne kulture. U članku su analizirani pristupi eksplicitnih i implicitnih kulturnih politika u reguliranju digitalne kulture koji predstavljaju relevantan okvir koji omogućuje da kulturni sadrž aji stignu do korisnika. Opisani su izazovi koje digitalni kontekst predstavlja za pitanja pristupa kulturnom sadržaju te su analizirani aspekti kulturnih politika koji razmatraju a) prava korisnika na korištenje kulturnog sadržaja te b) postojeću regulativu koja se odnosi na intelektualno vlasništvo i pravo na ponovno korištenje sadržaja jer takva regulativa omogućuje ili ograničava digitalne usluge koje kulturni sektor može pružiti građanima. U drugom dijelu članka predstavljeni su rezultati istraživanja projekta 'Pristupi kulturi – Analiza javnih politika' te su analizirani pristupi kulturnim politikama u reguliranju digitalnog pristupa kulturi u šest odabranih zemalja (Austrija, Hrvatska, Norveška, Španjolska, Švedska i Turska). Istraživanje je provedeno s ciljem da se omogući dublji uvid u pitanja vezana za digitalni pristup kulturi kako bi kulturne politike mogle adekvatno odgovoriti na izazove koji proizlaze iz digitalnog konteksta. ; Access issues have been placed in cultural policy focus with the aim to contribute to cultural development, social inclusion, quality of life, etc. and the digital domain opportunities have been looked at as a way to ensure delivering content to interested users. The issue of access to culture in the digital context is understood in terms of reducing obstacles, as well as, fostering opportunities. The concept is understood as the dynamic and social process and not a simple oneoff act of provision. This article outlines the challenges brought about for access to culture in the digital era and addresses policy frameworks concerning: a) the role of users and their participation opportunities and b) regulatory issues such as intellectual property rights (IPR) and re-use policies that enable or limit what kind of services cultural sector can offer in the digital domain. The article analyses both explicit and implicit policy approaches to regulating digital culture, as both remain relevant in ensuring that cultural content reaches its intended users. This provides the background for the investigation of the results obtained through the comparative policy analysis executed in the project 'Access to Culture. Policy Analysis' where different policy approaches to digital access in six selected countries (Austria, Croatia, Norway, Spain, Sweden and Turkey) are presented and interpreted. This is done with the aim to provide better understanding of the digital access issues that have to be taken into account in effective policy making for the inclusive and open digital culture.