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Helle Lykke Nielsen skriver om skæbnen for de tusindvis af migranter, der dør i forsøget på at komme ind i EU.

Kontraspionage, kultur og kontinuitet i Kreml: Et efterretningsteoretisk perspektiv på Ruslands interventioner i Ukraine
By applying the specialized terminology and theoretical approaches of the field of intelligence analysis, this article investigates Russian hybrid warfare in the case of Ukraine in order to offer a fuller understanding of this disputed phenomenon. Most scholars have addressed the concept of Russian hybrid warfare through a rather classical war-theoretical approach. This article, however, argues that any analysis of Russian warfare should take as its point of departure the extensive and historically consistent influence of the country's security services. The liberal analysis presented here reveals the prevailing continuity that characterizes Russian foreign policy, including the country's current actions in Ukraine. Most importantly, the liberal approach sheds light on the sources of this continuity, finding them embedded primarily within the security apparatus and its peculiar, strategic culture and mindset. This means that Russia's military actions are based on the assumption that the threat from the West is imminent, and on a fundamental focus on regime security. Russian warfare today is not the result of a new, coherent military doctrine or a belief in newfound superiority as proponents of the non-liberal approach often argue – instead, it is rather born out of fear.

Communicating Conflict: Actors in RT Coverage of the Situation in Ukraine February–March 2014
This article analyses the Russian public diplomacy news organization RT's coverage of the situation in Ukraine in February–March 2014, the period that culminated with the annexation of Crimea. It finds that enemy images were drawn of the West/USA and of Ukrainian radicals, whereas the liberal opposition and in part the new Ukrainian government were subjected to "symbolic annihilation" – that is they were not represented at all, only indirectly in depictions of the enemy image of the other actors. Locating these portrayals in the theoretical literature on "strategic narratives", the author interprets them as attempts at achieving consensus around Russia's own perspectives on international affairs, which include the promotion of a world order in which the USA is no longer a hegemon and Russia is respected as a great power.
(Published: May 2017)
Citation: Malin Østevik (2017) «Å kommunisere en konflikt – aktører i RTs dekning av situasjonen i Ukraina i februar–mars 2014», Nordisk Østforum 31 [1], 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.23865/nof.v31.579

The author analyzes the segmentation and institutionalization of the social world of soccer fans in the context of global economic and cultural changes. He refers to the literature on the subject to present the genesis of this sport and the descriptions that have been made of its fans. In the empirical part, he views the fan phenomenon in Poland on the basis of press and internet materials, casual interviews with fans of the Łódź Sports Club, and fan behavior in stadiums (the 'framework'). Institutionalization and structurization in the social setting of Polish soccer fans are considered in connection with the economic and institutional changes after 1989 and global changes in the world of culture and the media. He proposes a typology of fans—the participants in the social world of soccer. He claims that the institutionalization of this world is underway but that organizing fans into associations is having a different impact on fan culture and the social world beyond than was earlier expected.

The author presents autoethnography as a systematic research method used in field studies into the emotions of love. She begins by tracing various sociological and anthropological approaches and noting the place they give to an active, subjective researcher with agency. Then she concentrates on how autoethnographic data is generated and used in the course of the research process. In her opinion, autoethnography can be an original source of data—a supplement and verification for other materials collected in the field—if the personal experiences of the researcher are treated with the same attention as the experiences of the persons studied. She proposes to verify these experiences and the researcher's activities in the world by use of the "clinical" and analytic autoethnographic method, which relies on the strategy of the "researcher as a tool." This concept corresponds to the figure of the "vulnerable observer" used by researchers of the school of evocative autoethnography; it turns the researcher's personal biography into a unit of analysis.

This text provides a critical discussion of the dominant concepts used to identity soccer fans and proposes new ways of analyzing the fan phenomenon. The two most widespread interpretative frameworks divide fans into 'traditional' supporters and 'consumer' fans. The authors indicate that this division is not the only possible frame for viewing fans' identity. The examples provided demonstrate that fans' individual and collective identities do not develop solely on the basis of events associated with the soccer field. Among other things, their identities can be shaped by unexpected human or non-human factors or catastrophes, or by struggles to preserve the past or the club's heritage. Such instances prove that the formation of identity involves more than the dichotomy between a traditional fan and a consumer fan. This text also contributes to expanding the interpretative realm in contemporary research into group identities.

Abstract: What makes a good father? Ideals and practices in late socialist RussiaThis article investigates fatherhood ideals and practices in late Soviet Russia, 1960–1989. For the theoretical basis, dominant ideals on masculinity and fatherhood have been derived from the rich but predominantly Western research literature of the past three decades. These are used as guiding tools in examining the research material for this study: the monthly magazine Semia i shkola. Zhurnal dlia roditelei (Family and School; Journal for Parents) and eleven in-depth interviews with men in Russia on their memories of fatherhood in the 1960s–1980s. The research questions are: What did the ideal image of fatherhood look like in this period? What remembered practices do respondents communicate in interviews, and how do these relate to dominant public/official ideals of the time? Are there differences in the emphasis on various aspects of fatherhood ideals/practices between public discourses and the accounts given by these men? The interview narratives yield a multifaceted picture, with both coinciding and contradictory representations of the respondents' ideal images, on the one hand, and remembered practices, on the other. Possible explanations are then discussed. In conclusion, Soviet Russian fatherhood is tentatively contextualized within the framework of research results on Western fatherhood.

<p>W artykule zostały omówione związki między zjawiskami zderzenia kultur i dialogu kultur. Zaprezentowano w nim podstawowe ustalenia teoretyczne dotyczące problematyki zderzenia kultur w naukach społecznych, wskazano wybrane przykłady i znaczenie badań nad zderzeniami kultur. Ponadto został zaakcentowany tolerancyjny i dialogotwórczy aspekt zderzenia kultur, czemu posłużyło omówienie obecności poruszanej problematyki na gruncie komunikacji i edukacji międzykulturowej oraz w obiegu pozanaukowym. Zwrócono również uwagę na rezultaty zderzenia kultur implikujące związek z dialogiem kultur. Uzupełnieniem wywodu jest prezentacja konkretnego przykładu zderzenia kulturowego – polskości z sowieckością w latach 1939–1941 na ziemiach wschodnich II RP i tego, jak były w nim obecne elementy świadczące o możliwości podjęcia dialogu międzykulturowego.</p>

The author writes about the late Professor Jerzy Szacki, who died in 2016 and was a world-renowned sociologist and historian of social thought. She presents him as a scholar, teacher, citizen, and private person, trying to establish the facts as precisely as possible and placing them in the context of Polish social life from the Second World War to today. She draws on the available sources and on her own memories as one of Professor Szacki's students and later as a member of the same academic milieu.

Der Begriff des Walking Simulators wurde im Rahmen der #GamerGate-Diskussion im Jahr 2014 verwendet, um – negativ konnotiert – Videospiele zu bezeichnen, in denen man hauptsächlich durch die Gegend marschiert und Dinge und Orte entdeckt. Mittlerweile hat sich der Begriff aber zur Bezeichnung eines eigenen Subgenres des Adventures geschafft, dem die Vertriebsplattform Steam sogar einen eigenen Tag widmet.
Die Bezeichnung als Genre – rein basierend auf einer Spielmechanik – erfasst aber nicht den ganzen Bereich, den Walking Simulators abdecken können, da die einzelnen Spiele sich aus den verschiedensten thematischen Genres bedienen. In dem Beitrag soll aufgezeigt werden, inwiefern die Idee eines Walking Simulators als Spielmechanik fungiert, die je nachdem angepasst wird, um eine bestimmte Atmosphäre zu evozieren und an ein damit verbundenes Genre anzuknüpfen.
Dazu werden drei verschiedene Spiele aus dem Bereich der Walking Simulators betrachtet und verglichen: das futuristische SOMA (2015) von Frictional Games als Vertreter von Science-Fiction-Horror, Virginia (2016) von Variable State als Mystery-Thriller und Firewatch (2016) von Campo Santo als Mystery-Drama. Wie wird die Spielmechanik in den Spielen angepasst und modifiziert um passende Atmosphären und Welten zu erschaffen? Wie unterscheidet sich die Inszenierung und welche Agency haben die Spielenden?
Ein einleitender Theorie-Teil widmet sich der Genre-Theorie im Medium des Videospiels. Der Hauptteil des Beitrags formiert sich aus den Analysen der drei erwähnten Spiele. Analyse-Grundlage bildet die Methode von Mia Consalvo und Nathan Dutton, bei der ein Spiel anhand der vier Bereiche «Object Inventory», «Interface Study», «Interaction Map» und «Gameplay Log» betrachtet wird.