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Innovation in information and communication technology (ICT) has been one of the key drivers of economic globalization. As a result, the numbers of goods and services and, therefore, cross-border data ows have been increasing at an exceptional speed. The World Trade Organization (WTO) and its Members have early on realized the importance of establishing global rules by launching a work programme on electronic commerce in 1998. The WTO and, in particular, the Secretariat has been instrumental in keeping the issue on the agenda, providing shared knowledge on the evolution of ICT-induced advances and by defining concepts which also act as focal points for trade regulation. Yet, we have witnessed that regulation has been late to address the dynamic market realities and if regulation has occurred, it was driven rather by unilateral approaches with limited international cooperation. Given the absence of progress in rule-making in the WTO for some time now, the negotiators of preferential trade agreements (PTAs) have been tasked to fill the gap of writing the rule book for 21st century trade - rules that would address needs resulting from an ever more integrated and data-driven economy. The first PTA that had an electronic commerce provision was the Jordan-US PTA in 2000 and the first data flow provisions go back to the Korea-US PTA from 2007. So, these types of provisions are a rather recent phenomenon in trade agreements.

Abstract: The number of electric vehicles running in the European Union is growing rapidly. However, due to the lack of coordination and cooperation finding and using public charging stations or inter-roaming charging is challenging. These issues are huge limitations of the electromobility. The objective of NeMo Hyper-Network is to overcome these drawbacks by providing a pan-European seamless interoperability of e-mobility services. The paper introduces the main motivations and goals of NeMo Hyper-Network. Furthermore, the potential business scenarios identified in NeMo are presented.

Administrative data represents the future sourcing status quo for government social sector agencies, increasingly replacing more expensive, labour-intensive and less timely survey collection.
But an administrative data model brings challenges, based in the inescapable fact that such data has been collected by a different organisation, for a different purpose. The resultant cost to unpack undesirable qualities in the data can be significant and absorb inordinate levels of energy better spent deriving actionable insights. If the administrative data is integrated with other data, these costs are multiplied.
New Zealand' national statistical agency has developed a new style of data governance framework that includes a steady state model (SSM) for mapping data flow. As innovation, the SSM offers an effective way to articulate administrative data issues, supporting improved supplier-user coordination. As such it can potentially reduce data handling costs, bolstering the value proposition for administrative data generally.
By providing a means of reflecting user organisation data lifecycle perspectives within the supplier' business process environment, the SSM opens an engagement channel that bridges what can otherwise represent insurmountable communication barriers. And since both user and supplier are able to maintain their native frame of reference, the resulting engagement fosters collaboration while facilitating what is more likely to represent a mutually amenable outcome.