Suchergebnisse

"Třetí soubor padesáti drobných esejů popularizátora vědy Františka Koukolíka plynule navazuje na předchozí knížky Chlap kousl psa (2021) a Břevno v oku (2022) (obě v Nakladatelství Karolinum). Dodržuje již nastavenou věcnou i formální strukturu abecedního uspořádání textů zpracovávajících aktuální poznatky a trendy soudobé vědy, tak jak je autor čerpá ze špičkových světových odborných publikací a časopisů (prameny jsou uvedeny za každým textem) a jak to čtenář zná již z předešlých dvou knih."--

ParlaMint is a multilingual set of comparable corpora containing parliamentary debates mostly starting in 2015 and extending to mid-2020, with each corpus being about 20 million words in size. The sessions in the corpora are marked as belonging to the COVID-19 period (after October 2019), or being "reference" (before that date). The corpora have extensive metadata, including aspects of the parliament; the speakers (name, gender, MP status, party affiliation, party coalition/opposition); are structured into time-stamped terms, sessions and meetings; with speeches being marked by the speaker and their role (e.g. chair, regular speaker). The speeches also contain marked-up transcriber comments, such as gaps in the transcription, interruptions, applause, etc. Note that some corpora have further information, e.g. the year of birth of the speakers, links to their Wikipedia articles, their membership in various committees, etc. The corpora are encoded according to the Parla-CLARIN TEI recommendation (https://clarin-eric.github.io/parla-clarin/), but have been validated against the compatible, but much stricter ParlaMint schemas. This entry contains the ParlaMint TEI-encoded corpora with the derived plain text version of the corpus along with TSV metadata on the speeches. Also included is the 2.0 release of the data and scripts available at the GitHub repository of the ParlaMint project. Note that there also exists the linguistically marked-up version of the corpus, which is available at http://hdl.handle.net/11356/1405.

ParlaMint is a multilingual set of comparable corpora containing parliamentary debates mostly starting in 2015 and extending to mid-2020, with each corpus being about 20 million words in size. The sessions in the corpora are marked as belonging to the COVID-19 period (after October 2019), or being "reference" (before that date). The corpora have extensive metadata, including aspects of the parliament; the speakers (name, gender, MP status, party affiliation, party coalition/opposition); are structured into time-stamped terms, sessions and meetings; with speeches being marked by the speaker and their role (e.g. chair, regular speaker). The speeches also contain marked-up transcriber comments, such as gaps in the transcription, interruptions, applause, etc. Note that some corpora have further information, e.g. the year of birth of the speakers, links to their Wikipedia articles, their membership in various committees, etc. The corpora are encoded according to the Parla-CLARIN TEI recommendation (https://clarin-eric.github.io/parla-clarin/), but have been validated against the compatible, but much stricter ParlaMint schemas. This entry contains the linguistically marked-up version of the corpus, while the text version is available at http://hdl.handle.net/11356/1388. The ParlaMint.ana linguistic annotation includes tokenization, sentence segmentation, lemmatisation, Universal Dependencies part-of-speech, morphological features, and syntactic dependencies, and the 4-class CoNLL-2003 named entities. Some corpora also have further linguistic annotations, such as PoS tagging or named entities according to language-specific schemes, with their corpus TEI headers giving further details on the annotation vocabularies and tools. The compressed files include the ParlaMint.ana XML TEI-encoded linguistically annotated corpus; the derived corpus in CoNLL-U with TSV speech metadata; and the vertical files (with registry file), suitable for use with CQP-based concordancers, such as CWB, noSketch Engine or KonText. Also included is the 2.0 release of the data and scripts available at the GitHub repository of the ParlaMint project.

ParlaMint 2.1 is a multilingual set of 17 comparable corpora containing parliamentary debates mostly starting in 2015 and extending to mid-2020, with each corpus being about 20 million words in size. The sessions in the corpora are marked as belonging to the COVID-19 period (after November 1st 2019), or being "reference" (before that date). The corpora have extensive metadata, including aspects of the parliament; the speakers (name, gender, MP status, party affiliation, party coalition/opposition); are structured into time-stamped terms, sessions and meetings; with speeches being marked by the speaker and their role (e.g. chair, regular speaker). The speeches also contain marked-up transcriber comments, such as gaps in the transcription, interruptions, applause, etc. Note that some corpora have further information, e.g. the year of birth of the speakers, links to their Wikipedia articles, their membership in various committees, etc. The corpora are encoded according to the Parla-CLARIN TEI recommendation (https://clarin-eric.github.io/parla-clarin/), but have been validated against the compatible, but much stricter ParlaMint schemas. This entry contains the ParlaMint TEI-encoded corpora with the derived plain text version of the corpus along with TSV metadata on the speeches. Also included is the 2.0 release of the data and scripts available at the GitHub repository of the ParlaMint project. Note that there also exists the linguistically marked-up version of the corpus, which is available at http://hdl.handle.net/11356/1431.

ParlaMint 2.1 is a multilingual set of 17 comparable corpora containing parliamentary debates mostly starting in 2015 and extending to mid-2020, with each corpus being about 20 million words in size. The sessions in the corpora are marked as belonging to the COVID-19 period (from November 1st 2019), or being "reference" (before that date). The corpora have extensive metadata, including aspects of the parliament; the speakers (name, gender, MP status, party affiliation, party coalition/opposition); are structured into time-stamped terms, sessions and meetings; with speeches being marked by the speaker and their role (e.g. chair, regular speaker). The speeches also contain marked-up transcriber comments, such as gaps in the transcription, interruptions, applause, etc. Note that some corpora have further information, e.g. the year of birth of the speakers, links to their Wikipedia articles, their membership in various committees, etc. The corpora are encoded according to the Parla-CLARIN TEI recommendation (https://clarin-eric.github.io/parla-clarin/), but have been validated against the compatible, but much stricter ParlaMint schemas. This entry contains the linguistically marked-up version of the corpus, while the text version is available at http://hdl.handle.net/11356/1432. The ParlaMint.ana linguistic annotation includes tokenization, sentence segmentation, lemmatisation, Universal Dependencies part-of-speech, morphological features, and syntactic dependencies, and the 4-class CoNLL-2003 named entities. Some corpora also have further linguistic annotations, such as PoS tagging or named entities according to language-specific schemes, with their corpus TEI headers giving further details on the annotation vocabularies and tools. The compressed files include the ParlaMint.ana XML TEI-encoded linguistically annotated corpus; the derived corpus in CoNLL-U with TSV speech metadata; and the vertical files (with registry file), suitable for use with CQP-based concordancers, such as CWB, noSketch Engine or KonText. Also included is the 2.1 release of the data and scripts available at the GitHub repository of the ParlaMint project. As opposed to the previous version 2.0, this version corrects some errors in various corpora and adds the information on upper / lower house for bicameral parliaments. The vertical files have also been changed to make them easier to use in the concordancers.

The aim of the contribution is to examine and analyse prosecutor's notice by which prosecutor performs supervision of compliance with the law and generally binding legal regulations by public administration. The contribution's aim is not just a description of current legal state but in addition of that the authors try to make reference to problem issues of the legislation de lege lata as well as several unclear theoretical and application questions whose analysis and answering is part of the content of this contribution. In connection with processed issues the authors off er certain recommendations and propositions which could pro futuro fi nd its application not only in the legal regulation of the prosecutor's notice, but also in the case of supervision of compliance with the legitimacy in public administration.

Otázky výkonu trestu odnětí svobody jako nejpřísnější z trestních sankcí, které jsou
ukládány fyzickým osobám, představují soustavně aktuální problematiku. Současně
je to problematika velmi zajímavá, protože trest odnětí svobody v jeho nepodmíněné
podobě představuje nejuniverzálnější ze sankcí ukládaných fyzickým osobám, sankci
nejpřísnější a prováděnou ve specifckých podmínkách výkonu trestu – v ústavech nebo
ve věznicích. Je důležité mít na zřeteli, že česká a slovenská úprava mají společné kořeny,
společná východiska, která pramení z několika desítek let trvajícího soužití obou národů
v jednom státním celku. Je zajímavé poznávat základní východiska právní úpravy výkonu
trestu odnětí svobody, a to jak ty hmotněprávní (trestní), tak i procesní a v konečném
důsledku i ty penologické – právní předpisy upravující přímo výkon trestu odnětí svobody,
podzákonné či interní normy. Aktuální stav lze srovnávat, hodnotit, kriticky na něj nahlížet
v kontextu sousední právní úpravy a v neposlední řadě mohou tyto úvahy směřovat
i k pozitivní inspiraci a změnám právní úpravy formou návrhů de lege ferenda.

This article aims to tease out the transformation of communist identity and the sense of legitimacy within the ruling parties of the Eastern Bloc (particularly Poland, Czechoslovakia and the GDR) in 1956. It explores how communist identity was negotiated and reshaped beyond the highest level of party leadership and prominent communist intellectuals and how ordinary party members perceived this ideological turnabout. It seeks to demonstrate how the sense of belonging was articulated in the reflection of the parties' recent past by ordinary party members on a local level: functionaries, apparatchiks, propagandists and local party historians. In the aftermath of 1956, communist and working class identities were seriously challenged by renewed national, ethnic, confessional or regional identities in a steady process of exclusion and inclusion. Examining the de-Stalinization "from below", the study concludes that despite the earthquake-like ideological upheavals a new form of identity emerged among the parties' rank-and-file that, centered around the parties as an imperfect yet heroic collective, secured the sense of legitimacy for the decades to come.

Intro -- Obsah -- Úvodem -- Život a dílo -- Nástin myšlenkové situace v 19. století, duchovní kontext Durkheimovy sociologie -- Durkheimovi předchůdci na poli vznikající sociální vědy -- Epistemologická východiska Durkheimova sociologismu, paradox jednoty dvojího a specifikum durkheimovského pozitivismu -- Durkheimův program sociální vědy: stanovení předmětu a metody sociologie -- Sociologická metoda: definice sociálního faktua pravidla pro jeho pozorování -- Program: La première règle et la plus fondamentale…est de considérer les faits sociaux comme des choses -- Rozlišování normálního a patologického -- "Sociální fakty nejsou věci", kritika Durkheimova reismu -- Počátky formulace problematiky morálního vztahu individua a společnosti -- Postavení pojmů náboženství a posvátna v Durkheimově díle -- Individuální a kolektivní subjekt -- Teorie poznání a dualita lidské přirozenosti -- Definice morálního faktu -- Problém hodnot a jejich poznání -- Durkheimova teoriemorální výchovy a některá její východiska -- Morální výchova a posvátno -- Durkheimův specifický racionalismus a pedagogika -- Společenské pozadí východiska Durkheimovy morální teorie, pojem profesní skupiny -- Elementy morální výchovy -- Cíle morální výchovy -- Výchova a sociologie -- Definice výchovy a její důsledky -- Moc a prostředky výchovného působení -- Pedagogika a věda o výchově -- Závěrem -- Durkheimův odkaz -- Použitá a citovaná literatura -- Jmenný rejstřík -- Resumé.