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The Return of the Dead

Just as anthropologists recognized, with Tylor in 1871, that the concepts of death and culture were closely related, they set aside the treatment of the dead in Western Europe so that they could ignore the raging debate on the soul and afterlife. This paper examines the situations in which the occidental dead "come back". This renewed recognition is fully effective only when Christian afterlife is taken under consideration, as with, for instance, the difficult birth of Purgatory. Historical and contemporary anthropology can then reflect upon the rich modalities of an exchange which, in recently studied rural societies of Southern Europe restores all its ordered complexity to the social use of the dead.

This study was designed to examine the effects of the crisis of the death of children on Shona women and families in Zimbabwe, Africa. Participant observation, intensive marital history interviews and demographic questionnaires of 124 women provided the data for analyzing the relationship between marriage and family life situations before and after the deaths. The major finding is the refutation of the literature which suggests that people who experience high death rates depersonalize the high risk group and therefore are little affected by the loss. The death of a child in this culture represents a profound crisis, the dimensions of which are enormously complex and related to a wide array of circumstances. Neither the extended family nor the polygamous family acted as a support system to allow families to withstand the crisis. All women experienced profound private grief and when blamed for the death, divorce, wife abuse, and/or a deterioration in family relations resulted along with a loss of status and self-esteem, and physical or psychological health problems. Pressures to maintain their roles and to replace the dead child added to problems in family relationships.

The author believes that as a nation long governed by autocratic monarchies, the political culture of Korea has been deeply imbedded in an autocratic tradition derived from confucian political ideology. He explores the rise to power of Major General Park Chung Hee after a military coup in 1961 and his fall and death in 1979. The nature of the opposition to the Park regime. (DÜI-Sen)

Feasts & rituals provide man with a language in which an exchange with nature can be articulated, incorporating time cycles into everyday life, including work, hunting, building, seasons, & biological factors, eg, birth, sexuality, sickness, & death. When contacts occur between Europe & the Third World, the holidays & customs of the latter are threatened through missionary activity, urbanization, & mass culture. The revival of old customs & the development of new rituals offer an alternative to the cultural poverty resulting from the expansion of modern European capitalism. 6 References. M. Meeks

THIS IS A SPECIAL ISSUE OF OUR JOURNAL AND IT IS THE outcome of a conference held at the Centre Européen de la Culture in Geneva. The Centre was founded in 1947 by Denis de Rougemont, the great Swiss writer, philosopher and European federalist, and directed by him until his death in 1985. Now it has been revived under the presidency of Professor Jacques Freymond, the best-known Swiss political scientist in the world of academia, and himself the author of many classic works on international politics. We want once more to thank the Centre, its present physically and intellectually indefatigable President and its expert staff.

We need a feminist theory of disability, both because 16 percent of women are disabled, and because the oppression of disabled people is closely linked to the cultural oppression of the body. Disability is not a biological given; like gender, it is socially constructed from biological reality. Our culture idealizes the body and demands that we control it. Thus, although most people will be disabled at some time in their lives, the disabled are made "the other," who symbolize failure of control and the threat of pain, limitation, dependency, and death. If disabled people and their knowledge were fully integrated into society, everyone's relation to her/his real body would be liberated.

ORWELL'S 1984 IS BASICALLY A SATIRE ON TOTALITARIANISM WHICH, NEVERTHELESS, DOES CONTAIN AN ELEMENT OF PROPHECY. ITS VALUE LIES IN THE MORAL FERVOR AND IMAGINATIVE POWER WITH WHICH ORWELL HAS INVESTED HIS WARNING THAT DEMOCRACY IS SERIOUSLY THREATENED BY TOTALITARIANISM. ORWELL HELD WESTERN INTELLECTUALS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE PERVASION OF TOTALITARIAN IDEAS THROUGHOUT DEMOCRATIC SOCIETIES. SINCE ORWELL'S DEATH MARXISM HAS PERMEATED WESTERN CULTURE, SPREADING FROM ITS FOCUS IN THE UNIVERSITIES TO OUR SCHOOLS, OUR TRADE UNIONS, OUR BUREAUCRACY, OUR POLITICAL PARTIES, AND THE MEDIA. MEANWHILE TOTALITARIANISM HAS CONTINUED TO SPREAD, EXACTING A HEAVY TOLL IN HUMAN LIFE AS IT DOES SO. ESSENTIALLY, ORWELL HAS THE SAME MESSAGE FOR US AS THAT PURVEYED BY SOLZHENITSYN, NAMELY, THAT UNLESS THE WEST ACTIVELY RESISTS TOTALITARIANISM IT IS DOOMED.

These observations, which open a widely read essay on primitive religion, might with equal profit be applied to the comparative study of complex societies. They suggest an unusual descriptive project: to catalog the threats to social order in particular cultures in order to make revealing comparisons. They also imply that, armed with such a catalog, unusual meanings might be wrung out of recurrent disasters and common dilemmas. Such a project has not been ventured for South Asia, and I should like to begin with modern Bengal, but the embarassment arises that I am not confident I possess the "active principles" of Bengali culture. It is only by taking up acknowledged instances of "dangers," "cataclysms," and "disasters" that I expect to be able to reason back to ordering concepts and thus to complete the catalog. In the course of this short essay, however, only one specific calamity—the death of C. R. Das, a charismatic Indian politician—can be examined in detail. If I succeed in showing that this one calamity has a hitherto unrealized significance in modern Bengal, perhaps the reader will grant that the role of relatedcalamities in Bengal, and even in the whole of modern India, has not been insignificant.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- CONTENTS -- Acknowledgments -- List of Contributors -- INTRODUCTION -- 1 Introduction -- THE BIOSOCIAL PERSPECTIVE -- EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY AND PARENTAL INVESTMENT THEORY -- COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVES: ACROSS SPECIES, CULTURES, ANDHISTORY -- CAUSATION AND CONTEXT: THE PREDICTION OF RISK -- OUTCOMES AND CONSEQUENCES -- REFERENCES -- II CHILD ABUSE: CROSS-CULTURAL, HISTORICAL, AND EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVES -- 2 What to Learn from Cross-Cultural and Historical Research on Child Abuse and Neglect: An Overview -- CONVENTION WISDOM AND REVERSE ETHNOCENTRISM -- Myth 1: Child Abuse is Rare -- Myth 2: Child Maltreatment Is Confined to Mentally III or DisturbedPeople -- Myth 3: Child Abuse Is Confined to Those of Low SES -- Myth 4: Children Who Have Been Abused Will Grow Up to Be ChildAbusers -- Myth 5: The Problem of Child Maltreatment Is Worse Today in theUnited States Than at Other Times or in Other Countries -- THE SOCIAL TRANSFORMATION OF AN AWARENESS OF CHILDMALTREATMENT -- CONSTRAINTS AND ROADBLOCKS TO CROSS-CULTURAL ANDHISTORICAL RESEARCH -- Additional Problems in Defining Child Abuse and Neglect -- Constraints on Research Method -- OVERCOMING CONSTRAINTS AND ROADBLOCKS -- Method -- Summary -- WHAT CAN BE GAINED FROM CROSS-CULTURAL ANDHISTORICAL RESEARCH -- Propositions Suitable for Cross-Cultural and Historical Investigation -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- 3 Child Maltreatment in Cross-Cultural Perspective: Vulnerable Children and Circumstances -- DEFINITIONAL ISSUES -- Vulnerable Children -- Embeddedness of Child Rearing in Social Networks -- Situations of Change -- FUTURE DIRECTIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- REFERENCES -- 4 Neglect, Abuse, and Avoidable Death: Parental Investment and the Mortality of Infants and Children in the European Tradition -- AVOIDABLE DEATH

From the middle of the 1960s to the middle of the 1970s there was great interest in the field of political socialization in Scandinavia as well as elsewhere in the international political science community. After this period of rapid advance, the interest in the subject stalled considerably. Instead of directly trying to explain why, this paper presents (1) a brief sketch of approach developments and (2) an illustration of the fruitfulness of political socialization research by analysing some new empirical data on children's and adults' reactions in connection with the assassination of the Swedish Prime Minister Olof Palme. Following the murder of President John F. Kennedy in 1963, Professor Roberta S. Sigel carried out a study of children's reactions to the President's death. Despite that there are more than 20 years between the two assassinations, and that Swedish and US cultures differ greatly, the results from the two cases resemble each other in several respects.

Mar. 6, 2007 16 pgs Starbucks coffee under scrutiny for unfair trade with Ethiopia; the life and death of Anna Nicole Smith; an interview with Psychology professor Pam Broley; brief biographies of the 2008 Democratic presidential nominees Hillary Clinton and Barack Obama. Contributers: Audrey Alix, Marissa Baratta, Shona Bracken, Lisa Chiapette, Eden Consenstein, Kamal Farmaly, Lidia Glosa, Tim Hilliard, Claire Lacey, Ran, Lewin, David Morris, Keith W. Morris, Mark Nichols, Ana-Maria Oroianu, Tina Ritas, Jessica Toals, Pier-Bernard Tremblay Editor in Chief: Tia Brazda Assistant Editor: Ashley Jestin News: Clara Wille Politics: Ashley Jestin Campus Life: Kaitlyn Chambers Talk Back: Laura Scrivener Creative Writing: Hannah Renglich Metropolis: Tia Brazda Entertainment: Jacinto Wong Arts and Culture: Sarah Maharajah Reviews: Juan Llamas Rodriguez Photographer: Irena Kramer Design/Layout: Jennifer Rong, Jacinto Wong French: Gabriel Rompre Article titles: Get involved with Pro-Tem the dark side of Starbucks coffee Is Gardasil the new Vioxx Media fires up at life and death of Anna Nicole Des gros sous pour Glendon GCSU update Where are you people?! Roots and shoots Do they even want us to go to school Get to know your professor: an interview with Professor Pam Broley A light in the darkness Glendon welcomes its first sponsored refugee Kick it at the shoe An eggciting place to eat The Democratic leadership race heats up He was Don Quixote, the star of Glendon's Art Exhibit Discussion La Tangente de Claude Guilmain Classically Canadian Sondre Lerche's talent: a phantom promise? WWW and the city Painting the town Writer's Craft Dear Glendon housing Horoscopes Demetri Martin jokes Comics