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General background: Obscure death (OD) is a medicolegal dilemma which had not been well covered in the literature. It could be a real OD if there is no cause was achieved after having all relevant data and conducting a complete standard autopsy followed by a series of complementary investigations. Moreover, it could also be relative OD if one or more of those important procedures or investigations were not performed, whatever were the circumstances. OD is a multifactorial problem, caused by various factors involved such as cadaveric, autopsy, laboratory, financial, legislation, and local regulations In fact, obscurity of death includes undetermined mechanism, cause, and mode of death. There are a lot of factors or difficulties, which could interact and leads to situation of cul-de-sac, i.e., obscure death. However, our present talk is a general discussion.

Death is an inevitable phenomenon, which implies the termination of the life of persons. All over the world, in a day, a large number of children are born, but unfortunately also a large number of people die because of illness, age, homicide, suicide or poverty. Death is not only a biological process, as at the same time it affects directly the legal capacity of a person. Therefore the natural death of the person is seen as a cause that brings legal consequences at its verification. Being considered as a natural phenomenon as well as legal, death is considered as a legal fact with which legislations bind the beginnings, changes or terminations of legal. Legal capacity of a person, as a condition to undertake rights and obligations, is the determining element to gain the quality of a natural person. This quality is gained with the birth and terminated with the death. There are special cases, under which it is difficult to verify the natural death of a person for reasons such as: absence of the cadaver or the uncertainty of the circumstances in which the person has been lost or absented. In order to guarantee the legal security and also the conservation of personal and property rights of the person, legislations have provided the declaration of the person dead, which may come as a result of natural disasters, accidents, military actions or as a consequence of declaring before the person missing. This paper aims to make a comparative analysis between the procedure of declaration of a natural death of the person and the procedure of declaring a person dead according to the Albanian legislation. For this reason it will be analyzed the persons who are entitled to make the request for the declaration of the person dead, the legal force of the decision of the court through which the person is declared dead and the necessary time limits for declaring a person dead. DOI:10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n22p320

General background: Obscure death (OD) is a medicolegal dilemma which had not been well covered in the literature. It could be a real OD if there is no cause was achieved after having all relevant data and conducting a complete standard autopsy followed by a series of complementary investigations. Moreover, it could also be relative OD if one or more of those important procedures or investigations were not performed, whatever were the circumstances. OD is a multifactorial problem, caused by various factors involved such as cadaveric, autopsy, laboratory, financial, legislation, and local regulations In fact, obscurity of death includes undetermined mechanism, cause, and mode of death. There are a lot of factors or difficulties, which could interact and leads to situation of cul-de-sac (a blind diverticulum or pouch), i.e., obscure death. However, our present talk is a general discussion.

When the Supreme Court is deciding death, how much does law matter? Scholars long have lamented the majoritarian nature of the Court's Eighth Amendment "evolving standards of decency" doctrine, but their criticism misses the mark. Majoritarian doctrine does not drive the Court's decisions in this area; majoritarian forces elsewhere do. To make my point, I first examine three sets of "evolving standards" death penalty decisions in which the Court implicitly or explicitly reversed itself, attacking the legal justification for the Court's change of position and offering an extralegal explanation for why those cases came out the way they did. I then use political science models of Supreme Court decisionmaking to explain how broader social and political forces push the Court toward majoritarian death penalty rulings for reasons wholly independent of majoritarian death penalty doctrine. Finally, I bring the analysis full circle, showing how broader sociopolitical forces even led to the development of the "evolving standards" doctrine. In the realm of death penalty decisionmaking, problematic doctrine is not to blame for majoritarian influences; rather, majoritarian influences are to blame for problematic doctrine. The real obstacle to countermajoritarian decisionmaking is not doctrine, but the inherently majoritarian tendencies of the Supreme Court itself

This Comment analyzes the federal death penalty. Part one discusses the history of the federal death penalty, from its roots in the superstitions and religious dogma of colonial America to the Drug Kingpin Act and the Federal Death Penalty Act of 1994. Part two examines the Drug Kingpin Act, the first federal move into the death penalty arena since the landmark Supreme Court case of Furman v. Georgia. Next, the Comment explores Congress' broad expansion of the federal death penalty in its most recent statute, the Federal Death Penalty Act of 1994. Part four examines the practical application of the Drug Kingpin Act in the case of Juan Raul Garza, the man who likely will be the first federal execution of the twenty-first century. Part four also contemplates the constitutionality of the federal death penalty, focusing on the recent Supreme Court case of Jones v. United States, the first treatment of the new death penalty law by this nation's highest court. Finally, part five considers the implications, pragmatic and political, of renewed federal executions.

In a democracy, journalists are expected to safeguard the public interest and to provide truth and accountability to citizens. The media should not function as a megaphone for someone else's agenda. It is meant to have an active place in society. But the career span of an investigative reporter is relatively short, and maintaining the freedom from censorship, in Sean Holman's case at least, means going it alone as a freelancer. Unfortunately, the rise and fall of Public Eye demonstrates that independent investigative journalism is not a sustainable practice in Canada. Times Colonist reporter Lindsay Kines shares Holman's convictions regarding the media's watchdog function. To do good investigative reporting a journalist needs at least three to four months to focus on a story. But that is not good business – a lesson that Holman learned the hard way after receiving only $500 for his 2004 Jack Webster Award-winning five-month investigation into what became known as the Doug Walls affair.

"We are like an admirable, wandering Numancia, who prefers to die gradually than to admit defeat" (translated from Alfonso Guerra's documentary, Exilio). Uttered during the fall of the Republican government during the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939), Spanish author Luis Araquistáin's ominous phrase not only speaks to the slow death of Republican hopes while in exile, but also hearkens back to a small town in the north of Spain that existed in the second century AD. Famed for its resistance to the advancing Roman armies, Numantia fell in 133 BC to Scipio Aemilianus who led the forces of the Roman Empire against the city and besieged it for eight months. Yet, even as late as the twentieth century in Spain, people could still hear references being made to this small town; the preservation of the memory of Numantia is largely due to the work of Miguel de Cervantes, who in the 1580s penned El cerco de Numancia (or simply, La destrucción de Numancia), a play based on the events of 133 BC. After Cervantes came multiple playwrights, poets, and even politicians who reinterpreted the play in various forms to communicate distinct messages. One of the most unique moments in the life of Cervantes' El cerco de Numancia came during the Spanish Civil War; during this clash between visions of the future of Spain, both Republican forces and the Nacionales of Franco utilized the image of Numantia to motivate their constituents and sway others to their cause.

Binder's title for volume of five pamphlets published independently. ; New York (State) Legislature. Assembly. Select committee on capital punishment. . Report on the subject of capital punishment [April 14, 1841] [n.d.]--Memorial of the citizens of Albany against abolishing capital punishment. [In Senate, April 9, 1842] [n.d.]--New York (State) Legislature. Assembly. Select committee on the abolition of capital punishment. . Report [March 5, 1847] [n.d.]--Livingston, Edward, 1764-1836. Capital punishment. Argument of Edward Livingston. [1841?]--Duffield, George, 1794-1868. The divine organic law, ordained ; Mode of access: Internet.

HC Blake issued a statement to explain the city's death rate in response to the comments made by the candidate for the Democratic nomination for mayor. HC Blake notes the huge decrease in the number of deaths caused by typhoid fever as it appears in a report of the American medical association praising the work carried out by his department. In terms of the high death rate for 1918, he attributes this to the flu epidemic, claiming that "the increase in Baltimore on this account was about the same rate as in other cities of the Atlantic seaboard". ; Newspaper article ; 16

Bombings in Baghdad reduced, but never went away: 229 civilians were killed in explosions in the 3 years leading up to the Jan 21, 2021 attack.

In his Keynote Address "Death Tax" Politics at the October 2, 2015 Boston College Law School and American College of Trust and Estate Counsel Symposium, The Centennial of the Estate and Gift Tax: Perspectives and Recommendations, Michael Graetz describes the fight over the repeal of the estate tax and its current diminished state. Graetz argues that the political battle over the repeal of the estate tax reflects a fundamental challenge to our nation's progressive tax system. This Address concludes that a revitalized estate tax is important for managing the national debt and reducing massive inequalities in wealth.

In his Keynote Address "Death Tax" Politics at the October 2, 2015 Boston College Law School and American College of Trust and Estate Counsel Symposium, The Centennial of the Estate and Gift Tax: Perspectives and Recommendations, Michael Graetz describes the fight over the repeal of the estate tax and its current diminished state. Graetz argues that the political battle over the repeal of the estate tax reflects a fundamental challenge to our nation's progressive tax system. This Address concludes that a revitalized estate tax is important for managing the national debt and reducing massive inequalities in wealth.

Background: According to common practice based on a generally agreed interpretation of Icelandic law on the rights of patients, health care professionals cannot discuss prognosis and treatment with a patient's family without that patient's consent. This limitation poses ethical problems, because research has shown that, in the absence of insight and communication regarding a patient's impending death, patient's significant others may subsequently experience long-term psychological distress. It is also reportedly important for most dying patients to know that health care personnel are comfortable with talking about death and dying. There is only very limited information concerning gender differences regarding death talk in terminal care patients. Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of detailed prospective "field notes" from chaplain interviews of all patients aged 30–75 years receiving palliative care and/or with DNR (do not resuscitate) written on their charts who requested an interview with a hospital chaplain during a period of 3 years. After all study patients had died, these notes were analyzed to assess the prevalence of patient-initiated discussions regarding their own impending death and whether non-provocative evocation-type interventions had facilitated such communication. Results: During the 3-year study period, 195 interviews (114 men, 81 women) were conducted. According to the field notes, 80% of women and 30% of men initiated death talk within the planned 30-minute interviews. After evoking interventions, 59% (67/114) of men and 91% (74/81) of women engaged in death talk. Even with these interventions, at the end of the first interview gender differences were still statistically significant (p = 0.001). By the end of the second interview gender difference was less, but still statistically significant (p = 0.001). Conclusions: Gender differences in terminal care communication may be radically reduced by using simple evocation methods that are relatively unpretentious, but require considerable clinical training. Men in terminal care are more reluctant than women to enter into discussion regarding their own impending death in clinical settings. Intervention based on non-provocative evocation methods may increase death talk in both genders, the relative increase being higher for men. Keywords: Death, Terminal care, Communication, Evocation, Gender ; Funding was provided by the National University Hospital, the Icelandic Centre for Research (RANNIS), Iceland and the Stockholm County Council, Health Services, Sweden. All funding bodies are official governmental institutions providing academic freedom. ; Peer Reviewed

The appearance of corpses in rubbish tips is not a recent phenomenon. In Argentina, tips have served not only as sites for the disposal of bodies but also as murder scenes. Many of these other bodies found in such places belong to individuals who have suered violent deaths, which go on to become public issues, or else are 'politicised deaths'. Focusing on two cases that have received diering degrees of social, political and media attention – Diego Duarte, a 15-year-old boy from a poor background who went waste-picking on an open dump and never came back, and Ángeles Rawson, a girl of 16 murdered in the middle-class neighbourhood of Colegiales, whose body was found in the same tip – this article deals with the social meanings of bodies that appear in landlls. In each case, there followed a series of events that placed a certain construction on the death – and, more importantly, the life – of the victim. Corpses, once recognised, become people, and through this process they are given new life. It is my contention that bodies in rubbish tips express – and congure – not only the limits of the social but also, in some cases, the limits of the human itse ; Fil: Perelman, Mariano Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentina

Whilst the 'green state debate' has primarily focused on a narrow range of usual suspects in the developed world, the debate can be enriched and challenged by considering more diverse cases. Viewing African states from a green state perspective invites empirical reassessment of the geographical scope of the concept, and introduces a new set of conceptual questions about the political significance of transitions in environmental governance. Ecological modernisation theory has largely neglected African states because it is assumed that African states are weak, failing, or failed, and that environmentalism is a post-materialist phenomenon. Whilst both assumptions can be challenged empirically, a biopolitical perspective on the African environmental state, drawing on the work of Michel Foucault, can both position African state development within a longer-term context and challenge some assumptions of ecological modernisation. Examples from Egypt, South Africa, and the Kavango-Zambezi Trans-frontier Conservation Area highlight underestimated continuities in environmental state practices. The international and transnational drivers of the green state in Africa are emphasised, as well as the political dangers of a green 'state building' project.