Suchergebnisse

Pontianak is one of the cities in the globe hit by the Covid-19 pandemic. Therefore, an effort to assess the hazard of the pandemic on a local scale is critical. This study implements the SEIR model to evaluate the dynamics of the case in the city and determine the reproduction rate that must be achieved by the local government so that the NHS will not be collapse. The modeling uses two scenarios: without and with maximum intervention. The simulation results show that the death cases in the city due to Covid-19 could reach 21,588 persons without an intervention. On the contrary, the death cases can be reduced to only 20 persons with a maximum intervention. Based on the capacity of the isolation room available in the city's hospitals, the intervention process must reduce the transmission rate to below 1.05 so that all critical cases can be handled.

The major part of the global burden of dog-mediated rabies falls on Africa and Asia, where still an estimated 60,000 people die of the disease annually. Like in many African countries, dog-mediated rabies is a major public health concern in Namibia, costing the country an estimated 242 human deaths during the past two decades, in particular in the Northern Communal Areas (NCAs). Consequently, under the "One Health" concept, the Namibian government adopted a National Rabies Control Strategy in 2015, which strives to contribute to the global goal of ending dog-mediated human rabies deaths by 2030. A key component of this strategy was the implementation a dog rabies elimination program in the NCAs in 2016, being designed as a stepwise regional rollout strategy by building on experience gained in a pilot project area. The area of implementation covers approximately 263,376 km2 and 64 constituencies, with around 1.2 million inhabitants and estimated 93,000 dogs.

Pontianak is one of the cities in the globe hit by the Covid-19 pandemic. Therefore, an effort to assess the hazard of the pandemic on a local scale is critical. This study implements the SEIR model to evaluate the dynamics of the case in the city and determine the reproduction rate that must be achieved by the local government so that the NHS will not be collapse. The modeling uses two scenarios: without and with maximum intervention. The simulation results show that the death cases in the city due to Covid-19 could reach 21,588 persons without an intervention. On the contrary, the death cases can be reduced to only 20 persons with a maximum intervention. Based on the capacity of the isolation room available in the city's hospitals, the intervention process must reduce the transmission rate to below 1.05 so that all critical cases can be handled.

Early non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI) significantly reduced the death toll of the Covid-19 pandemic. Yet, there are vast differences in how quickly governments implemented NPIs. In this paper, we analyze the role of public attention, measured as the share of daily Google searches in a country related to Covid-19, in the timing of the NPI responses. We first show that public attention depends strongly on whether there are cases in own country. We then show that countries with high levels of public attention are more likely to implement non-pharmaceutical interventions, even after controlling for the number of cases and deaths. Finally, we show that the extent to which a government responds to public attention is highly dependent on the country's institutional quality. The positive effect of public attention on policy implementation is driven entirely by countries with good institutions.

When considering the causes of secularization in the Western societies, one must mention sociological and political consequences of both the World War II and Holocaust. Extermination of the Jewish nation prompted raising the question of "why did God allow Auschwitz?" Many Jewish and Christian theologians attempted to explain the moral collapse in the time of Holocaust. Part of them was related to the so-called Death of God theology, the theological movement which interpreted a radical secularization of the Western culture in many ways. The article discusses theological reflections of the Christian theologian Paul van Buren and the Jewish thinker Richard L. Rubenstein. They are considered to belong to the movement of the Death of God theology, though in both cases such classification is not justified. Both interpret Holocaust in the perspective of God's silence, and both search for new notions and meanings for God in the secular world after Auschwitz.

Objective: In 2016, Mozambique ranked 13th worldwide in infant mortality (67.9 deaths/1,000 live births) and 20th worldwide in maternal mortality (489 deaths/100,000 live births). This study's objective was to determine whether a comprehensive program, incorporating the International Association for Community Development's recommended holistic elements was effective in a country such as Mozambique. Method: Over a 5-year period (2012–2017), an independent, randomized between-group outcome study was conducted to determine whether the holistic Care for Life ( CFL) Family Preservation Program was effective in reducing infant mortality ratios (IMRs) and maternal mortality ratios (MMRs) in Mozambique. Results: At preintervention assessment, intervention and comparison villages were statistically equivalent in both IMR and MMR. After 5 years, intervention villages were significantly below the comparison villages in both IMR (odds ratio = 2.3) and MMR (odds ratio = 4.6). Conclusion: The use of comparison groups demonstrated the CFL program comprehensive, holistic, and sustainable approach is effective.

Objective. To present the most recent national estimates of lung cancer burden globally in 185 countries and tobacco smoking prevalence (%) by sex. Materials and methods. Estimates of lung cancer incidence and mortality for 2018 were extracted from the Globocan database; observed incidence, from the last volume of Cancer Incidence in Five Continents, and tobacco prevalence, from the World Health Observatory/WHO database. Results. In 2018, over two million new lung cancer cases and 1.7 million deaths were estimated to occur worldwide, representing 14% of the new cancer cases and 20% of the cancer deaths. Incidence rates showed marked variation between countries. Stable or decreasing incidence rates were predominant among males, while among females increasing rates were common. Con­clusion. The continuing rise in lung cancer among women reinforces the need for strengthening implementation of the preventive actions committed to by governments in the WHO Framework Convention for Tobacco Control.

This article tests the theory that anxiety about death causes feelings of lack of control, which, with other factors, results in reluctance to donate organs, despite endorsement of the act. Using a survey of U.S. and U.K. registered organ donors and unregistered adults ( N = 777), we tested the impact of trust in medical professionals, perceived importance of information on the transplant processes, anxiety regarding loss of control at one's end-of-life, and a prosocial view of organ donation on willingness to register as donor. Structural analyses show that control mediated the associations of trust and information with willingness, while prosocial did not predict willingness. The findings explain the gap between stated attitudes and actual behavior, and suggest that framing donor card registration and organ donation as a way to gain control over the loss of agency in death and dying may encourage organ donation.

AbstractRace‐neutral philosophies often depend on the illusion of a universal humanist orientation. This philosophical position, while common, often misses what is concretely at stake in the diagnosis and analyses of anti‐Black racism in the United States. This article argues that racism is part of a deliberate strategy of academic philosophy to keep the discipline white. When one considers the demographic underrepresentation of Blacks compared to other groups in the academy, the use of universal pretenses to negate the experiences of racial minorities, and the sociological realities of race and racism in America, academic philosophy emerges as one of many ideological stratagems used to deny the realities of death and dying in our society. The authors argue that race neutrality and colorblindness cloak the societal consequences and disciplinary practices that allow segregation, violence, and anti‐Black death to continue unabated.

Summary
This paper explores the intersection of race, law and medical authority in Gilded Age New York through an examination of the trial and execution of Chastine Cox. This case was a media sensation due to two controversies which played out in the courtroom and the court of public opinion. For the public, Cox's race inflected the debate over the crime and execution. Within the courtroom, however, controversy centred on the interpretation of medical evidence, which raised the possibility that Cox was not guilty. In particular, the defence strategy centred on medical theories of suspended animation, making use of new medical evidence about the line between life and death to prompt uncertainties both about the possibility of murder and the reliability of medical professionals. This paper demonstrates the ways in which anxieties about life, death, law, race and medicine were negotiated in courts of law and public opinion.

Achieving sustained improvements in health outcomes remains a challenge for sub-Saharan Africa, where diarrhea remains a leading cause of death in children under the age of five. This paper examines the impact of foreign aid to the health sector on diarrhea mortality in children under five in 47 sub -Saharan African countries, using panel data on the sectoral allocation of official development assistance in conjunction with country -level data on health outcomes. After controlling for fixed effects and the potential endogeneity of health aid, we find that increased health aid and increased public health expenditure are associated with lower diarrhea mortality in children under five. In addition, health aid increases government spending on health, suggesting that the overall impact of health aid on diarrheal death rates could exceed the direct effect. Furthermore, increased access to improved sources of water and sanitation are important in reducing child mortality from diarrhea.

Suicide is the leading cause of death in U.S. jails, and the second leading cause of death in U.S. prisons. Suicidal behavior among inmates largely stems from the custodial environment and inmates' difficulties coping with incarceration. Unfortunately, many correctional facilities lack the comprehensive suicide prevention policies necessary to reduce inmate suicides. Under the qualified immunity doctrine, current law also shields correctional authorities from liability for failure to implement adequate suicide prevention programs in their facilities. As a result, corrections officials lack incentive to enhance their efforts toward reducing inmate suicides, and families of inmate suicide victims have limited opportunities to seek justice. This Note argues that in order to reduce inmate suicides and ensure the safety and health of incarcerated individuals, the federal government should condition funding to state and local correctional facilities on their implementation of reasonable and effective suicide prevention protocols.

Monuments and landscape ensembles across medieval Europe recreated the Christian holy places of Jerusalem for local devotees. Contemporary legends surrounding the death of King Henry IV in 1413, who died in the Jerusalem Chamber in the abbot's house at Westminster Abbey, place the room firmly within this cultural tradition. In the sixteenth century, a neighbouring Jericho Parlour was built. This paper highlights the political significances of such "recreated Jerusalem" sites: in contrast to the religious and demographic diversity found in the earthly city, and in connection with European crusading and imperial ambitions. Exploring the "death in Jerusalem" topos in detail, it argues that the Jerusalem Chamber should not be understood as a recreated holy place. Instead, the links to the Holy Land found in the abbot's house form part of an imaginative reinvention of space within medieval Westminster, deliberately intended to provoke moral admonition and self-scrutiny in its users.

The UK prison population has doubled in the last decade, with the greatest increases among prisoners over the age of 60 years, many of whom are sex offenders imprisoned late in life for 'historical' offences. Occurring in a context of 'austerity' and the wider neoliberal project, an under-researched consequence of this increase has been the rising numbers of 'anticipated' prison deaths; that is, deaths that are foreseeable and that require end of life care. We focus here on 'jail craft'; a nostalgic, multi-layered, narrative or discourse, and set of tacit practices which are drawn on by officers to manage the affective and practical challenges of working with the demands of this changed prison environment. Utilising findings from an empirical study of end of life care in prisons, we propose that the erosion of jail craft depletes protective resources and sharpens the practical consequences of neoliberal penal policies.

As previous fandom studies have shown, fans' disappointment in canon narratives may lead to adaptations and fragmentations in fan communities. This article examines Team Delusional, a subset of Walking Dead (2010–) fandom that emerged on Tumblr after the death of a series character. Rather than accepting the character's death as canon, Team Delusional has built a postobject fan community around the theory that the character secretly survived and will return to the series. Largely overlooked or even rejected by the larger Walking Dead fandom, this group continues to use Tumblr as its main community base. By deploying Tumblr's specific features and politics, the group maintains its identity and engages in interpretive practices that resist canon restrictions and intrafandom conflict. This analysis of Team Delusional's interpretive practices on Tumblr demonstrate the ways in which this social media platform particularly lends itself to postobject counternarrative fan subgroups.