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Publisher's advertisements: p. [24]-[26], at end. ; Includes bibliographical references and index. ; Mode of access: Internet.

A creditor who initiates the simplified debt collection procedure established by the OHADA States is exposed to procedural complications that hold on to the risk of ineligibility to the procedure, the risk of prescription of the claim, the risk of abusive dispute, the risk of nullity of injunctive title, the risk of non-execution of the enforceable title, especially in cross-border cases and in litigation affecting legal entities of public law. These risks make the procedure complex, lengthy and costly for corporations and financial institutions. The procedure thus depicted is also inapplicable to craftsmen, traders and micro business that often carry small debts, the consolidation of which, on the scale of the seventeen States of OHADA, can reach billions. These difficulties lead to question oneself how the other States and regional organizations solved the problems now facing the OHADA States. The study explores, for this purpose, the law of some European Parliament and Council's regulations on the fight against defaults also constitutes a field of investigation because these instruments address the problems that escaped OHADA's legislator, particularly those relating to the need for diversion, simplifications of procedure and to the free movement of enforceable titles within OHADA. This prospective analysis, coupled with lessons learned from practice, allows to highlight the "Best Practices" and the reforms needed to make of the simplified recovery procedure an effective instrument to fight against delays and defaults to pay in the States OHADA. ; Le créancier qui entame la procédure simplifiée de recouvrement des créances instituée par les Etats de l'OHADA est exposé à des complications processuelles qui tiennent au risque d'inéligibilité à la procédure, au risque de prescription de la créance, au risque de contestation abusive, au risque de nullité du titre injonctif, au risque d'inexécution du titre exécutoire, surtout dans les affaires transfrontalières et dans les contentieux qui touchent les personnes morales de droit public. Ces risques rendent la procédure complexe, longue et coûteuse pour les sociétés commerciales et les institutions financières. La procédure ainsi peinte est également inapplicable pour les artisans, les commerçants et les micro-entreprises qui portent souvent des créances modestes, mais dont la consolidation, à l'échelle des dix-sept Etats de l'OHADA, peut atteindre des milliards. Ces difficultés portent à s'interroger sur la manière dont d'autres Etats ou organisations régionales ont résolu les problèmes qui se posent aujourd'hui aux Etats de l'OHADA. L'étude explore à cette fin le droit de certains pays européens, notamment le droit allemand qui, grâce à sa procédure injonctive, arrive à étudier huit millions de requêtes par an et à accepter 90% des demandes. Les règlements du Parlement européen et du Conseil sur la lutte contre les défauts de paiement constituent aussi un champ d'investigation car, ces instruments abordent des problèmes qui ont échappé au législateur de l'OHADA, notamment ceux qui touchent au besoin de déjudiciarisation, de simplification de la procédure et à la livre-circulation des titres exécutoires dans l'espace l'OHADA. Cette analyse prospective, doublée des enseignements de la pratique, permet de mettre en évidence les « Best Practices » et les réformes nécessaires pour faire de la procédure simplifiée de recouvrement un instrument efficace de lutte contre les retards et les défauts de paiement dans les Etats de l'OHADA.

This study aims to examine the effect of corporate social responsibility and the cost of debt on the company's financial performance, as well as to examine whether political connections can moderate the effect of corporate social responsibility and the cost of debt on the financial performance of companies listed on the IDX for the 2019-2020 period. Based on 193 companies, and 386 processed panel data, the results showed that corporate social responsibility had a positive and significant effect on the company's financial performance, while the cost of debt had a negative and significant effect on the company's financial performance. However, political connections did not succeed in moderating the effect of social responsibility and the cost of debt on the company's financial performance. This could be due to the two sides of political connections, where there is convenience because these political connections can have an impact on increasing the company's debt structure, thus making the company burdened where the company's profit will decrease due to having to pay off its debt burden.

As a consequence of the global financial crisis which began in 2008, the amount of debt of the local government sector in OECD countries has remarkably increased. In Poland, the debt of local governments has started to fall gradually after reaching its peak in nominal terms in 2014. In this article, we examine how the ability of local governments to repay their debts changed over the 2007-2016 period. The analysis reveals that, despite their considerable nominal indebtedness, local governments had already returned to a strong debt repayment capacity at the end of 2016, observed formerly at the end of 2009. However, at the end of 2016, one in eight local governments has become overindebted in terms of their repayment capacity, despite the rigorous statutory debt limits imposed in Poland. The most worrying situation is in towns with county rights: in 33% of these entities, the debt repayment period is estimated at longer than 15 years. This category represents 33% of Poland's population, and therefore it is of a systemic importance. ; W konsekwencji światowego kryzysu zapoczątkowanego w 2008 r. zadłużenie sektora jednostek samorządu terytorialnego w krajach OECD znacząco wzrosło. W Polsce nominalne zadłużenie jednostek samorządu terytorialnego osiągnęło najwyższą wartość w 2014 r. W niniejszym artykule analizowane są zmiany w zdolności do spłaty zadłużenia przez jednostki samorządu terytorialnego w latach 2007-2016. Przeprowadzona analiza ukazuje, że mimo wysokiego zadłużenia jednostki samorządu terytorialnego odbudowały przestrzeń do jego obsługi do poziomu z przełomu lat 2009/2010. Wszelako na koniec 2016 r. co ósma jednostka samorządu terytorialnego ma zbyt wysokie zadłużenie, biorąc pod uwagę generowane nadwyżki operacyjne. Najmniej korzystna sytuacja występuje w miastach na prawach powiatu, gdzie co trzeci podmiot ma szacowany ponad 15-letni horyzont spłaty swego zadłużenia. ; 2 ; 5-18