Suchergebnisse

Zakat is one of the essential instruments in increasing community welfare as well as enhancing economic growth. To optimize potential zakat in Indonesia, it needs the involvement of various related parties both government and zakat institution and participation of muzakki as well. Based on the previous study it is known that external and internal factors influencing people compliance to pay zakat, external factors could be arisen from the environment, organization/ zakat institution and the obligation, while internal factors could come from religious factors, such as faith, altruism, demographic factors and social awareness. Aim of this study is to examine the influence of religiosity, and demographic factors on zakat. The questionnaire was distributed to 300 muzakki in Kota Tangerang. The findings show that religiosity had significantly related to zakat compliance. Demographic factors in this case gender and educational background have no significant influence on zakat compliance but give a positive effect, while the level of income have both positive impacts and significantly influence on zakat compliance

Akses pengusaha UKM terhadap sumber pembiayaan hutang masih sangat rendah yaitu hanya 3-18% pengusaha dengan berbagai alasan. Padahal, berbagai program pembinaan, pelatihan teknis dan bantuan permodalan telah diberikan oleh pemerintah pusat maupun daerah untuk meningkatkan kemampuan pengusaha dalam mengakses sumber-sumber pembiayaan hutang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: 1) Pengaruh usia pengusaha terhadap keputusan pembiayaan utang UKM sektor indutri kerajinan di Kabupaten Buleleng. 2) Pengaruh pendidikan pengusaha terhadap keputusan pembiayaan utang UKM sektor indutri kerajinan di Kabupaten Buleleng. 3) Pengaruh pengalaman pengusaha terhadap keputusan pembiayaan utang UKM sektor indutri kerajinan di Kabupaten Buleleng. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian kuantitatif yang lokasi penelitiannya dilakukan pada UKM sektor industri kerajinan yang ada di Kabupaten Buleleng. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah 1) semakin menigkatnya usia pengusaha akan meningkatkan efektivitas keputusan pembiayaan hutang pada UKM sektor industri kerajinan di Kabupaten Buleleng, 2) semakin tingginya pendidikan pengusaha akan meningkatkan efektivitas keputusan pembiayaan hutang pada UKM sektor industri kerajinan di Kabupaten Buleleng, dan 3) semakin banyaknya pengalaman pengusaha akan meningkatkan efektivitas keputusan pembiayaan hutang pada UKM sektor industri kerajinan di Kabupaten Buleleng.Kata Kunci : usia, pendidikan, pengalaman, keputusan pembiayaan Access of small business entrepreneurs to shopping is still very low only 3-18% of entrepreneurs for various reasons. In fact, various coaching programs, technical training and capital assistance provided by the central or local government to improve the ability of entrepreneurs in accessing financing sources. This study aims to determine: 1) Effect of entrepreneur age to debt financing decision of small business industry sector craft in Buleleng Regency. 2) Effect of entrepreneur education on debt financing decision of small business of industrial sector of handicrafts in Buleleng Regency. 3) Influence of entrepreneur experience to debt financing decision of small business of industrial sector of handicraft in Buleleng Regency. This research is a type of quantitative research whose research location is conducted on small business of handicraft industry sector in Buleleng Regency.The result of this research is 1) the increasing age of the entrepreneur will increase the effectiveness of debt financing decision on small scale business of handicraft industry sector in Buleleng Regency; 2) the higher education of the entrepreneur will increase the effectiveness of debt financing decision on small scale business of handicraft industry sector in Buleleng Regency, and 3) the increasing number of employers' experience will improve the effectiveness of debt financing decisions on small scale businesses in the handicraft industry sector in Buleleng Regency.keyword : age, education, experience, financing decision

Abstrak - Bagaimana Kondisi Demografi Menjadi Penentu Moral Pajak saat Covid-19?Tujuan Utama - Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa faktor demografi yang dapat mempengaruhi moral pajak di masa pandemi covid-19.Metode – Penelitian ini menggunakan regresi berganda sebagai metode. Adapun sejumlah wajib pajak di wilayah Surabaya Barat dan Timur menjadi sampel penelitian ini.Temuan Utama - Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya perbedaan persepsi moral pajak dari aspek demografi saat Covid-19. Umur, jenis kelamin, dan tingkat pendidikan menjadi pemicu moral pajak saat covid-19. Meskipun demikian, faktor sumber penghasilan dan kepercayaan tidak mampu memicu moral pajak.Implikasi Teori dan Kebijakan - Pemerintah perlu membuat sejumlah aturan yang lebih jelas mengenai insentif perpajakan. Selain itu, pemerintah juga dapat menyosialisasikan peraturan tersebut untuk meningkatkan moral pajak. Kebaruan Penelitian – Pengujian terhadap moral pajak saat covid-19 menjadi suatu kebaruan bagi penelitian ini. Abstract - How Demographic Conditions Determine Tax Morale during Covid-19?Main Purpose - This study aims to analyze demographic factors affecting tax morale during the covid-19 pandemic.Method – This study uses multiple regression as a method. Several taxpayers in the area of West and East Surabaya became the sample of this study.Main Findings – This study shows differences in tax morale perceptions from the demographic aspect during Covid-19. Age, gender, and level of education are triggers for tax morale during COVID-19. However, the source of income and trust factors are not able to trigger tax morale.Theory and Practical Implications - The government needs to make several more precise rules regarding tax incentives. In addition, the government can also socialize the regulation to increase tax morale.Novelty – Testing of tax morale during covid-19 is a novelty for this research. ; Abstrak - Faktor Penentu Moral Pajak pada Masa Covid-19Tujuan Utama - Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat perbedaan ...

Demographic analysis is an important part of electoral strategies. This paper will show that electoral candidates in Indonesian local elections intituitively make use of demographic mapping for formulating their electoral strategies to win the elections. However, they purposefully and selectively target only a set of particular demographic groups that provide them electoral gains while ignoring others. Religious, ethnic, and migrant divisions are seen as more important electorally than gender and rural-urban divisions. To mobilize these groups, they tend to develop non-policy-based or symbolic campaigns instead of formulating policy-based campaigns. As a result, in local elections, primordial issues are more prominent than policy issues. In the short run, demographic analysisis will stay as the main strategic electoral tool for these candidates. In the long run, however, this mode of analysis will have to compete against post-demographic modes of analysis that have started to gain traction among national and local politicians.

The purpose of education is directed to be able to produce professional academic graduates for the development of knowledge and improvement of people's living standards. The public's view of the function of Islamic boarding school education is also called the second educational institution, but graduate from Islamic boarding schools and their benefits in community leadership prove that Islamic boarding school education also contributes a lot to national development, Islamic boarding school education as an educational institution to produce good human resources in the face of the demographic bonus to In the future, the demographic bonus is an opportunity for Indonesia but if it is not prepared properly it can become a challenge for Indonesia. If a leader and all elements of the government are able to prepare a professional workforce and are able to create employment opportunities to absorb the entire available workforce. The biggest challenge in preparing the demographic bonus is how the leaders and all staff are able to manage the large population of productive age to be productive from various fields. The purpose of this study is an attempt to explain the concept of the implications of pesantren leadership in preparing moral nation leaders, especially those from pesantren graduates who will be capable in facing the demographic bonus era in the future by having expertise in the field of religion. In this study, using a literature study method with a qualitative approach. ; Dalam konteks pendidikan tujuan pendidikan diarahkan mampu untuk menghasilkan lulusan akademik yang profesional guna pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan serta peningkatan taraf hidup masyarakat. Pandangan masyarakat dalam memandang fungsi pendidikan pesantren sebagai lembaga pendidikan kedua, namun profil dari alumni pesantren dan kiprahnya dalam berbagai bidang kepemimpinan di masyarakat membuktikan bahwa pendidikan pesantren banyak memberikan kontribusi dalam pembangunan bangsa. Masyarakat mulai percaya bahwa pesantren sebagai lembaga tidak hanya sebagai pendidikan alternatif melainkan juga sebagai lembaga pendidikan utama untuk menghasilkan sumber daya manusia (SDM) yang baik dalam menghadapi bonus demografi ke depan, Bonus demografi merupakan peluang bagi Indonesia tetapi kalau tidak dipersiapkan dengan baik bisa menjadi tantangan bagi Indonesia.Jika seorang pemimpin dan semua elemen pemerintah mampu mempersiapkan tenaga kerja yang profesional dan mampu membuka lapangan kerja untuk menyerap seluruh angkatan kerja yang tersedia. Namun sebalikanya jika pemerintah tidak mampu melakukannya yang terjadi di Indonesia adalah negara yang banjir pengangguran di masa depan. Tantangan terbesar dalam mempersiapkan bonus demografi adalah bagaimana pemimpin dan seluruh jajarannya mampu mengelola penduduk berusia produktif yang begitu banyak agar produktif dari berbagai bidang.Karena apabila hanya produktif dari segi usia saja tapi tidak produktif dalam segi ekonomi, pendidikan dan sebagainya justru akan menjadi petaka bagi negara. Selain menyebabkan angka pengangguran yang melonjak hal ini juga akan berdampak negatif bagi kehidupan sosial. Tujuan penelitian ini merupakan upaya untuk menjelaskan konsep Implikasi kepemimpinan pesantren dalam menyiapkan pemimpin bangsa yang bermoral khususnya yang berasal dari lulusan pesantren akan mumpuni dalam menghadapi era bonus demografi kedepan dengan mempunyai keahlian dibidang agama, bidang pengetahuan umum dan keterampilan calon pemimpin bangsa yang bermoral. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan meode Studi kepustakaan dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Kata Kunci: Kepemimpinan pesantren, pemimpin bangsa bermoral, bonus demografi

This research aims to find out demographic aspects and how the form of policy is applied to overcome population problems. The research method used was a descriptive approach with household head respondents who settled on the island. The data used are primary, secondary and tertiary data. Data analysis uses descriptive statistics that are presented in the form of percentages, cross tables and images. The results showed that the working age group and young age group were relatively more compared to the old age group, as well as relatively more married and unmarried statuses while the education level and income level were relatively low and the expenditure level was relatively small according to the low income level. In connection with the results of the study, it is recommended that the government or private sector need to provide educational facilities and infrastructure, provide counseling, training and skills to the community in increasing their knowledge or knowledge to get jobs and increase the income of the people of Barrang Lompo Island.

Pemetaan demografi berbasis digital saat ini diperlukan dalam memudahkan masyarakat khususnya pejabat daerah dalam mengetahui sebaran populasi suatu wilayah. Peta demografi juga dapat menyajikan data statistik tentang tingkat pendidikan suatu wilayah, pekerjaan, usia, dan tanggungan keluarga. Saat ini untuk informasi demografi pada wilayah pemerintahan tingkat desa Kabupaten Bengkalis masih didata secara manual, sehingga untuk memperoleh informasi masyarakat harus mengakses data atau melihat data dikantor desa. Penelitian sistem demografi penduduk tingkat desa ini merupakan aplikasi berbasis web dimana untuk peta wilayah desa dintegrasikan dengan memanfaatkan fasilitas application programming interface (API). Pada sistem ditampilkan peta desa serta batas-batas wilayah untuk tingkat rt/rw dengan menentuka batas longitude dan latitude. Selanjutnya disediakan menu untuk administrator agar dapat menginputkan data-data kependudukan untuk selanjutnya ditampilkan dalam bentuk grafik. Adanya sistem ini dapat menghasilkan informasi yang berkualitas, terkini serta berguna untuk pengambil keputusan dalam menentukan kebijakan terhadap penduduk. Hal ini juga membantu pemerintah dalam membangun semangat untuk keterbukaan informasi. Abstract Digital-based demographic mapping is currently required to facilitate the community, especially local officials in knowing the distribution of a region's population. Demographic maps can also provide statistical data about the educational level of a region, occupation, age, and family dependents. Currently, demographic information on the village level of Bengkalis Regency is still recorded manually, so to obtain information the community must access data or view data at the village office. This village population demography system research is a web-based application where the village area map is integrated by utilizing the application programming interface (API) facility. In the system is shown the map of the village as well as the boundaries of the region for rt / rw level by determining the limits of longitude and latitude. Further provided the menu for administrators in order to menginputkan data demography for the next displayed in graphical form. The existence of this system can produce quality information, current and useful for decision makers in determining the policy against the population. It also helps the government in building a passion for information disclosure.

The city of Makassar, once named Ujung Pandang, in South Sulawesi, underwent tremendous transformation in the 20th century. This transformation significantly changed the image of the city from a cosmopolitan town to a provincial and "ethnic" city. This article shows that the changes of the city's image did not happen by itself. There were changing structural conditions, namely demographic and political conditions, which allowed the changes to happen.Since early 20th century the population of the city has grown exponentially. First, in-migrants from the surrounding regions in the eastern part of Indonesia flocked into the city until early 1950s. Second, due to the rebellion and unrest in the countryside of South Sulawesi since 1950 inmigrants, mostly refugees, from Bugis-speaking areas in even larger number swarmed Makassar. Parallel with the demographical changes, the political scene in the city (and the province) was increasingly dominated by politicians and bureaucrats of South-Sulawesi origins. The Permesta rebellion in late-1950s triggered the departure of mostly non-South Sulawesi politicians away from the region leaving the political stage fully in the hands of local politicians. The "ethnic-ization" of the city was made possible by these demographical and political changes.

Demographers predict that in the period 2020-2030 Indonesia will experience a demographic bonus with a peak around 2030. At that time, the number of people with productive age in Indonesia, namely the age range of 15-64 years, far exceeds those who are included in the nonproductive age (children and the elderly). The Demographic Bonus should be a very positive thing where Indonesia can get extraordinary benefits, making Indonesia have high competitiveness and bargaining power. But on the other hand, Indonesia is currently facing serious problems due to the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic that has hit the world. Social distancing (physical distancing) carried out to anticipate the spread and expansion of the Covid 19 pandemic has made changes in various fields, both in the economy, transportation, worship, education, government and entertainment that have a direct impact on labor. The number of job cuts that occurred during the Covid-19 pandemic had a huge impact because not all of the workforce could be accommodated in the world of work, as a result it would encourage an increase in the number of unemployed in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the dynamics of unemployment in Indonesia and the steps that need to be taken by the government and the Indonesian people in order to face the era of demographic bonuses in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic so that this demographic bonus does not become a wave of mass unemployment in Indonesia.

Cash Conditional Transfer (PKH) is one of government's efforts to reduce poverty and improve the quality of human resources in poor communities through the provision of conditional subsidies. The purpose of this study were to identify characteristics of demographic, social, and economic of PKH families recipients and to analyze the differences of economic characteristics between pre and during families get PKH funds. This study applied a combination of cross-sectional and retrospective designs. Data collection located in eight villages in Dramaga District, Bogor Regency from March to December 2009. The sample was the wife from the families who received PKH as many as 150 people determined randomly by systematic methods. Statistical analyses were descriptive and paired t-test. Characteristics of demographic, social and economics of samples concluded from this study were the largest percentage of families ranged from five to six family member from nuclear families, as well as head of family and wife age ranged from 30 to 49 years. Their education levels were only up to primary school with head of family worked as laborers, while most wives did not work. Most family heads and wives both literacy in reading and writing Latin alphabet. Family total revenue increased significantly 1.3 fold during received PKH fund. Categories poverty did not change for the families who received PKH, but the ownership of electronic devices increased. Head of family has the largest and significant contribution to the total revenue of the family. The average expenditure per month for food and non-food respectively 70,1% and 29,9%. Significant increase for debt nearly twice as families received PKH fund. Ability to pay debt with assets owned, increased by obtaining PKH fund.

Bali is one of the 33 provinces in Indonesia. It is a relatively narrow is 5636.66 km2 (0.29 percent of the total area of Indonesia). With a population of nearly 3.9 million people (SP 2010), this means the population density reaches 690 inhabitants / km2 (large ranks seventh after the provinces in Java). Bali experienced a demographic dividend peak earlier and longer duration than the national. Therefore, the Balinese economy potentially developed earlier and longer than the national level. Bali is projected to experience a demographic bonus peak period 2020-2030. This period Bali dependency ratio is lowest at 42.2 to 43.3 percent between. Favorable demographic bonus is not automatic. According Aswatini (2012), benefits can be learned if there is readiness of government policies such as strengthening investment in health, education and employment. But to be a disaster if the productive population in conditions of low education, low skills, and poor health conditions, which makes it able to produce optimally. However, the requirement to take advantage of the demographic bonus as the engine of economic growth unlikely to be performed optimally. This is due to the quality of its human resources is still relatively low. Human investment as long term while the demographic bonus has been in front of the eye. On the other hand the investment made by the government through its budget is relatively low because most of the funds allocated for routine costs as a consequence of bureaucratic fat. Instead of private investment opportunities are not many because Bali poor in natural resources. Limited investment opportunities resulting in productive age population is abundant because of the demographic bonus peaks can not be used optimally.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbedaan pemahaman standar akuntansi pemerintahan berbasis akrual berdasarkan tingkat pendidikan, pengalaman kerja, pelatihan dan jabatan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian populasi. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh pegawai keuangan di seluruh dinas Kabupaten Pemalang. Jumlah responden sebanyak 58 orang. Metode analisis data penelitian ini menggunakan anova one way dan independent sample t-test. Pengujian hipotesis menggunakan program SPSS 21 for windows. Hasil pengujian hipotesis menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan pemahaman SAP berbasis akrual pegawai keuangan berdasarkan tingkat pendidikan. Terdapat perbedaan pemahaman SAP berbasis akrual pegawai keuangan berdasarkan pengalaman kerja. Terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan terkait pemahaman SAP berbasis akrual antara pegawai yang pernah mengikuti pelatihan dan tidak. Terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan terkait pemahaman SAP berbasis akrual antara pegawai yang memiliki jabatan sebagai penyusun laporan keuangan dan selain penyusun laporan keuangan. Saran bagi penelitian selanjutnya dapat menindaklanjuti penelitian ini dengan memperkaya literatur dan referensi yang lebih mendalam guna mendapatkan perbaikan dan kesimpulan. This research is a population research. The population of this research are all employee of official government in the pemalang district. Respondents of this reseach are 58 people. The method of data analyisis is anova one way and independent sample t-test. The hypothesis testing used SPSS 21 program for windows. The test results show that there are different understandings of Government Accounting Standards (SAP) accrual basic of financial employee based on the level of education. There are different understandings of Government Accounting Standards (SAP) accrual basic of financial employee based on work experience. There are significant different understandings of Government Accounting Standards (SAP) accrual basic between employee has training and employee has not training. There are significant different understandings of Government Accounting Standards (SAP) accrual basic between employee has job as financial reporting and other. Suggestions for further research to enrich the literature and reference to better improvements and conclusions.

This writing aims to gain the picture of profile in using of demographic bonus through increasing Human Development Index in the North Sumatra Province. It focus on local policy in utilizing the demographic bonus through elevating Human Development Index on several sectors such as education, health, and economy. Education sector coverage two indicators following Adult Literacy Rate Index (Lit) and Mean Years of Schooling Index (MYS). The population in this research is the citizen's age group of 15 and more due to in fact that there many student dropout from the age group. The limitation is required for gain the representative number which is represents the fact, considering that citizen age group lower than 15 is still in schooling or preparing to school so it not apropriate to relying the years of schooling. Health sector indicate the numbers of years of life which is hopefully can be enjoyed by the citizens in an area by entering information regarding annual birth rate and death rate (variable e₀), that assumed represents average of age of life and citizen healthy in their life. Economic sector (Proper Life Standard), the profile uses the average of the real per capita expenditure which is adjusted (adjusted real per capita expenditure) or purchasing power parity. Based on study of the three of human development index, can be obtained the data concerning the factual picture of local government profile in utilizing demographic bonus.

Pemerintah Indonesia mempunyai target program pemberian ASI eksklusif sebesar 80% dalam rangka menurunkan angka kematian bayi dan kejadian gizi buruk. Program pemberian ASI ekskusif di Kota Magelang tidak mencapai 40%. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara faktor demografi dan pengetahuan ibu dengan pemberian ASI eksklusif. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan menggunakan pendekatan belah lintang. Pengumpulan data diperoleh melalui wawancara terhadap 113 ibu bayi usia 0-6 bulan dengan menggunakan kuesioner. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode stratified random sampling pada 27,4% responden yang memberi ASI eksklusif. Mayoritas responden memiliki pengetahuan kurang tentang ASI (72,6%). Ada hubungan antara tingkat pendidikan ibu (p=0,043), tingkat penghasilan (p=0,021), dan pengetahuan ibu tentang ASI (p=0,015) dengan pemberian ASI eksklusif. AbstractTo decrease infant mortality and incidence of malnutrition, the Government of Indonesia fixed target of exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months was 80%. Breast-feeding program in the city of Magelang can not reach 40%. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between demographic factors, knowledges of mothers with exclusive breastfeeding. This study was an observational study using cross-sectional approach. The collection of data obtained through interviews with 113 mothers of infants aged 0-6 months using a questionnaire, sampling was done by stratified random sampling method. A lot of 27,4% of respondents gave breastfeeding exclusively. The majority of respondents are very poor in exclusive breastfeeding informations. There is relationship between mother education level (p = 0,043), family income (p = 0,021), and knowledge about exclusive breastfee-ding (p = 0,015) with exclusive breastfeeding.Keywords: Demography factor; Science; Exclusive breastfeeding