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Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- 1 Introduction -- References -- Part I Analyzing Theories of Family Demography -- 2 Reformulating Second Demographic Transition Theory -- 2.1 First Change: Independent Variation of SDT Outcomes -- 2.2 Second Change: Patterns of Advantage and Disadvantage -- 2.3 Reformulated SDT Theory Applied to Sweden -- 2.3.1 Retreat from Marriage -- 2.3.2 Dispersion of Childbearing Outside Marriage -- 2.3.3 Opposite Trends for Different SDT Indicators -- 2.4 Discussion: Individualization as a Theoretical Foundation -- 2.5 Conclusion -- References -- 3 Do People Have Reproductive Goals? Constructive Preferences and the Discovery of Desired Family Size -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.1.1 Background -- 3.1.2 Concepts -- 3.2 The Prevalence of and Basis for Uncertainty -- 3.2.1 Are People Really Uncertain About Their Future Fertility? -- 3.2.2 Uncertainty in the Context of Preferences -- 3.2.2.1 Indifference, Weak or Unclear Preferences -- 3.2.2.2 Clear Positive Preferences -- 3.2.2.3 Clear Negative Preferences -- 3.2.3 Further Evidence That Uncertainty Is Genuine -- 3.2.4 Summary -- 3.3 An Alternative Theoretical Approach to Fertility Preferences and Intentions -- 3.3.1 Preference Construction Theory -- 3.3.2 Fertility Intentions and Preferences as Constructed -- 3.3.2.1 Effective Preferences -- 3.3.2.2 Stated Preferences: Responses to Survey Questions -- 3.4 Discussion -- References -- 4 Consensual Union and Marriage in Brazil, 1970-2010. Gender Equality, Legal Issues and Social Context -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Background -- 4.2.1 Consensual Union in Latin America -- 4.2.2 Social and Cultural Aspects of Consensual Union and Marriage in Brazil -- 4.2.3 Legal Aspects of Consensual Union in Brazil -- 4.2.4 Gender Equality, Independence, Consensual Union and Marriage -- 4.3 Objectives and Hypotheses -- 4.3.1 Age and Education.

This paper is dedicated to the 50th anniversary of the Stanovnistvo
(Population) journal, launched by the Center for demographic research in
Belgrade in 1963. The anniversary is an opportunity to reflect on
developments and trends in demography as a discipline, thus the paper points
out certain specifics of these developments. The specifics discussed mirror
the author's choice, which was guided primarily by the criterion of
interestingness, but also by the intention to make a survey. Hence points
about the development of demography are backed by insights made by a number
of other demographers. The major source of references were papers and
speeches given on similar occasions - anniversaries of journals,
anniversaries of associations of demographers, as well as special issues of
journals dedicated to theory and methodology. Certain points are also made
based on other sources of reference. The major part of the paper is related
to transformations of demography, which has started as a predominantly formal
discipline and has developed into a social and interdisciplinary field.
Topical and methodological expansion of demography induces mixed reactions
among demographers. Ones welcome its diversification, whereas others see such
changes as signs of abandoning the essence of demography. This makes it
harder and harder to define the area of demographic research. Changes in
demography are mostly studied from the standpoint of polarized dimensions:
quantitative-qualitative, macro-micro, and, in the context of
diversification, formal demography vs. population studies. Another important
segment of development trends in demography is that of improving its
vocabulary, which is affected by other fields related to demography.
Terminological changes are also related to the specification of certain
branches and subfields of demography. For instance, anthropological and
spatial demography have roots in earlier development phases of demography.
Still, these terms have become popular at a later stage, only when the
methodological and cognitive capacities of the corresponding research
approaches have increased. The paper also indicates that demographers do not
find new inspiration only outside of the core demographic problems. As an
example, man fertility is briefly discussed as an increasingly popular topic
in literature during the last decade. Finally, attractive presentation of
demographic content is found to be very important for visibility and
applicability of demography, which is illustrated by interpreting some of the
most frequently videos related to demography on YouTube. The paper concludes
that different paths that open during the development of demography are not
incompatible, that they represent demographers' diverse choices, and that
they all contribute to strengthening the field.

Introduction / Samuel H. Preston and Linda G. Martin -- The formal demography of population aging, transfers, and the economic life cycle / Ronald D. Lee -- Retirement and labor force behavior of the elderly / Joseph F. Quinn and Richard V. Burkhauser -- Income, wealth, and intergenerational economic relations of the aged / Douglas Holtz-Eakin and Timothy M. Smeeding -- The elderly and their kin : patterns of availability and access / Douglas A. Wolf -- Care of the elderly : division of labor among the family, market, and state / Beth J. Soldo and Vicki A. Freedman -- Medical demography : interaction of disability dynamics and mortality / Kenneth G. Manton and Eric Stallard -- Socioeconomic differences in adult mortality and health status / Samuel H. Preston and Paul Taubman -- Geographic concentration, migration, and population redistribution among the elderly / Frank D. Bean, George C. Myers, Jacqueline L. Angel, and Omer R. Galle -- Research on the demography of aging in developing countries / Linda G. Martin and Kevin Kinsella.

By bringing together top-notch demographers, sociologists, economists, statisticians and public health specialists from Asia, Africa, Europe, and North America to examine a wide variety of public and private issues in applied demography, this book spans a wide range of topics. It evaluates population estimates and projections against actual census counts and suggests further improvement of estimates and projection techniques and evaluation procedures; new techniques are proposed for estimating families and households and particular attention is paid to the much-discussed topic of access to health care. Coverage extends to factors influencing health status and elder abuse, child bearing and labor market analysis and the effects of education on labor market outcomes of native white American and immigrant European populations. Methodologically rigorous and pragmatically useful, Emerging Techniques in Applied Demography also examines a wide variety of public and private issues under the field of applied demography. It provides a broad overview of research topics and also reflects substantial development in the field of applied demography. It also bridges the gap between theory and research by providing several examples of work of distinguished applied demographic

A review essay on a book by Shlomo Sand, trans. Yael Lotan, The Invention of the Jewish People (Verso, 2009).

The paper presents an outline of the relationship between anthropology and
demography, sometimes depicted as "long, tortured, often ambivalent, and
sometimes passionate." Although early anthropologists (primarily British
social anthropologists) routinely made use of demographic data, especially in
their studies of kinship, the two disciplines gradually drifted away from
each other. The re-approachment took place from 1960s, and the last fifteen
years saw more intensive cooperation and more insights about possible mutual
benefits that could be achieved through combining of methodologies and
revision of some theoretical assumptions, primarily through anthropological
demography. As summarized by Laura Bernardi and Inge Hutter, "Anthropological
demography is a specialty within demography that uses anthropological theory
and methods to provide a better understanding of demographic phenomena in
current and past populations. Its genesis and ongoing growth lies at the
intersection of demography and socio-cultural anthropology and with their
efforts to understand population processes: mainly fertility, migration, and
mortality. Both disciplines share a common research subject, namely human
populations, and they focus on mutually complementary aspects" (2007: 541).
In the first part of the paper, the author presents some general
considerations, like the one that "demography is one of the best understood
and predictable parts of human behavior, even if demographers still find
themselves unable to predict accurately when parameters will change in
interesting ways, such as the ?the baby boom? or the shift to later
childbeanng in the 1970s and 1980s North America" (Howell, 1986: 219). Nancy
Howell also noted the importance of demographic anthropology, because, in her
words "if we knew, reliably, the birth and death probability schedules of
particular populations, we would know a great deal about their size, age
composition, growth rate. And with just a little more information we would
know a great deal more such as household and family composition, economic
organization, social problems, and something of the political structure. It
we knew the schedules for populations in general and could correlate the
schedules with the causes, genetic or environmental, that produce them, we
would know a great deal about the possible range of human social structure"
(Howell, 1986: 219). In the second part of the paper, the author discusses
several examples of interplay between anthropology and demography. One of
them is Patrick Heady?s study of the shift in ritual patterns, which combines
elements of some "classical" anthropological topics (Mauss?s theory of gift
exchange and L?vi-Strauss?s concept of kinship) with his own field research
in the Carnian Alps. "By marrying and raising children, parents participate
in a system of gift-exchange in which the gifts in question are human lives,
and the parties to the exchange are the kinship groups recognized in the
society concerned. Fertility reflects the attitudes of prospective parents to
their place in the existing system of reproductive exchange, and the
relationships of cooperation and authority which it implies - as well as
their confidence in the system?s continuing viability. It is shown that this
view is compatible with earlier ideas about self-regulating population
systems - and that changing economic circumstances are an important source of
discrepancy between existing exchange systems and the attitudes and
expectations of prospective parents" (Heady, 2007: 465). The paper concludes
with the discussion of the directions in which relationship between these two
disciplines can proceed. Some of the epistemological issues are mentioned, as
well as a need to apply different theoretical perspectives to better
understand demographic behavior (especially in Europe) and to better
understand certain cultural components that shape this behavior. In order to
achieve this, most of the scholars whose works are discussed in this paper
emphasize "the need for a holistic approach to data collection and the added
value of triangulating quantitative and qualitative analyses" (Bernardi,
Hutter, 2007: 541).