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Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- Reference -- Acknowledgments -- Praise for LGBQ Legislators in Canadian Politics -- Contents -- List of Tables -- 1 Introduction -- Main Argument and Theoretical Foundations -- LGBTQ Advocacy Work in Institutional Politics -- Literature Review -- Methodological and Terminological Clarifications -- Methodological Details -- Terminological Clarifications -- Structure of the Book -- References -- 2 Some Theoretical Insights for Thinking About LGBTQ Political Representation -- Formalistic Views of Representation -- "Standing for" and "Acting for" Perspectives -- "Standing for" Representation -- Symbolic Representation -- Descriptive Representation -- "Acting for" Representation -- Conclusion -- References -- 3 Formalistic Representation -- On the Institutional Context: Some Features -- Conceptions of Political Representation -- "What Does Political Representation Mean to You?" -- Constituency Work -- Legislative Work -- "Do Openly Lesbian and Gay Representatives Have a Particular Responsibility to Represent LGBT People and Communities in Canada?" -- Arguments Opposing LGBTQ Representation -- Arguments Supporting LGBTQ Representation -- Can Allies Contribute to LGBTQ Representation? -- Conclusion -- References -- 4 "Standing for" Representation: LGBQ Politicians as Symbolic Agents -- Symbolic Representation: Some Theoretical Insights -- Coming Out -- Role Model -- Out LGBQ MLAs and MPs as Role Models -- How Do LGBQ MLAs and MPs Perform Their Role-Model Functions? -- What Emotions Do Out LGBQ MLAs and MPs Arouse? -- Conclusion -- References -- 5 "Standing for" Representation: LGBQ Politicians and Descriptive Representation -- The Proportion of Out LGBQ Parliamentarians -- Legislative Recruitment Process -- Eligibility -- Recruitment -- Selection -- Election -- The Profile of Out LGBQ MLAs and MPs in Canada -- Conclusion.

Contents -- Acknowledgments -- List of Abbreviations -- List of German Terms and English Translations -- Introduction: Gender Quotas and Women's Descriptive Representation-Missing Mechanisms -- Chapter One: The German Political Recruitment Process -- Chapter Two: Eligibles -- Chapter Three: Aspirants -- Chapter Four: Gatekeepers -- Chapter Five: Candidates and Elected Officials -- Conclusion: A Glass Half Full -- Appendix A: Translation of Survey and Descriptive Statistics -- Appendix B: List of Interviews -- Notes -- References -- Index

"Neben den beobachtbaren Veränderungen von Unternehmensstrukturen und Managementmethoden zeigen sich insbesondere in der digitalen Wirtschaft veränderte Formen der Beteiligung an betrieblichen Entscheidungsprozessen von (meist) hochqualifizierten Beschäftigten. Der Beitrag konzentriert sich auf das Verhältnis der betrieblichen individuellen und kollektiven Formen der Interessenvertretung. Dies wird illustriert durch Fallstudien in Neue Medien-Unternehmen. Die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung der letzten Jahre sowie die Veränderungen des Personalbstandes (Einstellungen und Entlassungen) in den untersuchten Unternehmen bewirkten zunächst eine Professionalisierung der Unternehmensstrukturen, die wiederum Auswirkungen auf die Beteilungsmuster haben. In den untersuchten Unternehmen zeigt sich Mischungsverhältnisse von Interessenregulierung, die sich aus den bekannten Idealtypen von Beteiligung (Selbstvertretung, alternative Formen der Interessenregulierung und Betriebsräten) entwickelt haben." (Autorenreferat)

This book, one of the first to focus exclusively on the experiences of Republican congresswomen, uncovers some of the gendered implications of congressional polarization. Looking beyond legislative behavior, Gendering the GOP: Intraparty Politics and Republican Women's Representation in Congress reveals changes over time in the way Republican congresswomen (1) claim to represent women and (2) work together to advance their own interests within the party. Through extensive interviews with women members of Congress and in-depth analyses of House floor speeches, the book details how women have both navigated and shaped existing gender dynamics within the House GOP conference. It demonstrates that Republican women in Congress are not merely gender-blind partisans. Rather, it complicates traditional understandings of the relationship between descriptive and substantive representation, showing how polarization and party competition have incentivized Republican women to organize around their partisan-gender identity--distinguishing themselves from both Democratic women and Republican men. Doing so has increased their visibility as party messengers, while simultaneously limiting their legislative power in the institution. This book shines light on the ongoing challenges Republican women face, the intricate gender dynamics they must learn to navigate in their party, and potential opportunities for change. -- Provided by publisher

The "new immigration" and U.S. ethnoracial politics -- Analytical framework for studying political incorporation -- The historical context of U.S. ethnoracial politics -- The persistence of racial segregation in a diverse America -- Political participation, descriptive representation, and the quest for political power -- Political incorporation, governing coalitions, and public policy -- Immigrants and the future of American ethnoracial politics

Intro -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- 1.1 The Puzzles of Male Dominance in Central and Eastern Europe -- 1.2 Conceptualising Male Dominance -- 1.3 The Selection of the Country Case Studies -- 1.4 The Structure of the Book -- References -- Chapter 2: Establishing Male Dominance: Descriptive, Substantive and Symbolic Representation -- 2.1 The Actors: The Communist (Successor) Parties and the Anti-communist Opposition -- 2.2 Male Over-Representation in Transitional Settings -- 2.3 Repertoires of Symbolic Representation -- 2.4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3: Candidate Selection and Male Dominance in Europe's New Democracies -- 3.1 Candidate Recruitment in Post-communist Europe -- 3.2 The Supply of Candidates for Legislative Office -- 3.3 Party Ideology and Male Over-representation in Politics -- 3.4 The Voters -- 3.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 4: Reproducing Male Dominance: The Role of Incumbency -- 4.1 Incumbency in Post-communist Europe: An Overview -- 4.2 The Gendered Effects of Variation in Incumbency in Post-communist Europe -- 4.3 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 5: Reproducing Male Dominance: The Role of Electoral Systems -- 5.1 The Electoral Systems of Post-communist Europe: An Overview -- 5.2 Mixed Versus PR Systems -- 5.3 Closed-List Versus Open-List PR -- 5.4 The Impact of Electoral System Reform -- 5.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 6: Reproducing Male Dominance: Asymmetric Institutionalisation in New Democracies -- 6.1 Conceptualising Asymmetric Institutionalisation -- 6.2 Asymmetric Institutionalisation and the Opportunities for State Feminism -- 6.3 Asymmetric Institutionalisation and Competitive Politics -- 6.4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 7: Breaking Male Dominance: Institutional Change in New Democracies -- 7.1 Gender Quotas

Cutting-edge research on the intersection of race, gender, and politics Traditionally, there has been a significant lack of empirical attention given to the ways in which race/ethnicity, gender, and political representation overlap. Intersectionality and Politics is the groundbreaking collection of contemporary research and essays that applies the concept of intersectionality specifically to descriptive and substantive representation by African-American, Latino/a, and Asian-American elected officials. This unique compilation looks at numerous states and focuses on multiple raci

OUT of the EAST: From PDS to Left Party in Unified Germany -- OUT OF THE EAST: From PDS to Left Party in Unifi ed Germany -- CONTENTS -- LIST OF TABLES -- PREFACE -- ONE: INTRODUCTION -- TWO: THE PDS IN THE NEW GERMANY -- THREE: UNIFICATION, DESCRIPTIVE REPRESENTATION, AND THE PDS -- FOUR: THE RISE OF THE PDS -- FIVE: NORMALIZATION AND ITS DISCONTENTS -- SIX: FROM PDS TO LEFT PARTY -- CONCLUSION -- NOTES -- SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY -- INDEX.

Cover -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- PART I: THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES -- Chapter 1 Introduction -- Chapter 2 The Descriptive Political Representation of Gender: An Anti-Essentialist Argument -- Chapter 3 The Politics of Parity: Can Legal Intervention Neutralize the Gender Divide? -- Chapter 4 The French Parity Movement -- PART II: PARITY AS AN ELECTORAL ISSUE -- Chapter 5 Constitutionalizing Equal Access: High Hopes, Dashed Hopes? -- Chapter 6 Breaking the Barriers: Positive Discrimination Policies for Women -- Chapter 7 Women and the Third Way: Collaboration and Conflict -- Chapter 8 Changing the Rules of the Game: The Role of Law and the Effects of Party Reforms on Gender Parity in Germany -- PART III: POLICY PROCESSES -- Chapter 9 From Equal Pay to Parity Democracy: The Rocky Ride of Women's Policy in the European Union -- Chapter 10 Quotas, Parity, and the Discursive Dangers of Difference -- Chapter 11 Constitutional Reform and Gender Mandates -- PART IV: CAUTIONARY TALES -- Chapter 12 The Distinctive Barriers to Gender Equality -- Chapter 13 Representation and the Electoral Interests of Women and African Americans: A Convergence at Last? -- Chapter 14 When Women Voted for the Right: Lessons for Today from the Conservative Gender Gap -- Contributors -- Index.

Introduction: gender quotas in South America's big three -- Gender, descriptive representation, and legislative behavior in post-quota Argentina -- Gendered policies in the Argentine provinces: a showcase of uneven implementation -- Electoral quotas at the national level in Brazil: an arduous road to nowhere? -- Quotas at subnational levels in Brazil: more dead-end roads? -- Quotas in Peruvian congressional elections: success under open list proportional representation -- Quotas in Peruvian municipal and regional elections: accidental success in majoritarian systems -- Ballot structure and regional context: a comparison of Lima and the provinces -- Conclusion: gender quotas in the big three: findings, trends, and prospects

Sender Dovchin: Introduction: Digital Communication, Linguistic Diversity and Education. Digital Communication and Linguistic Diversity. Mingyi Hou: Digital Fan Practices with Mobile Media -- Shaila Sultana: TV Advertisements in the Mediascape of Bangladesh: A Disjuncture Between the Realities of the Emerging Transsemiotic Arena and the Language Policies in Practice -- Sender Dovchin: The Anglicized Mongolian Neologisms in the Post-Socialist Mongolia -- Digital Communication and Language Education. He Zhang and Qian Gong: "Reskilling" through Self-Representation: Digital Storytelling as an Alternative English Experience for Chinese International Students in Australia -- Julian Chen and Toni Dobinson: Digital Communication in a Virtual Community of Practice: Linguistic/Paralinguistic Behavior in the Multimodal Context of Blackboard Collaborate -- The Effectiveness of Digital Communication and Pedagogy. Hiroshi Hasegawa: The Effectiveness of Online Instruction with Regards to Acquiring Script Writing When Learning Japanese as a Second/Foreign Language -- Julian Chen, Tatiana Bogachenko, Craig Sims, and Martin Cooper: The Use of VoiceThread as a Multimodal Digital Platform to Foster Online Students' Task Engagement, Communication, and Online Community Building.

"Theories of descriptive representation that keep identity constant over time and context fail to account for the substantive work of minority women legislators. Sisters in the Statehouse addresses this gap in the literature by utilizing humanistic inquiry to examine the connection between descriptive and substantive representation in the case of Black women legislators. This link hinges on how such legislators see the effects of their own race-gender identity on their legislative work. By combining humanistic and social science techniques, such as feminist life histories, elite interviews, and participant observation in conjunction with legislative case studies as well as bill sponsorship data, I present a fuller description of how identity informs Black women state legislators' descriptive and substantive representation. Linking personal narratives to political behavior, my study elicits the feminist life histories of African American women legislators to understand how their experiences with racism and sexism have influenced their legislative decision-making and policy preferences. I reveal several distinctions that inform the legislative work of these legislators to provide a broader perspective that exemplifies how an intersectional approach can enhance our understanding of political representation"--

Party membership as linkage / Knut Heidar and Bram Wauters -- Descriptive representation in local party associations and its implications for representation in parliament: findings from the Canadian case / William Cross -- Not exactly a mirror image : British parties' members and voters compared / Tim Bale, Monica Poletti, and Paul Webb -- Do Australian parties represent? / Anika Gauja and Jordan McSwiney -- Germany : the politicization of party membership / Klaus Detterbeck -- Belgium : parties as distorting mirrors : descriptive and substantive representativeness in Flemish parties under scrutiny / Robin Devroe, Benjamin de Vet, Nicolas Van de Voorde and Bram Wauters -- Something for everyone? : political parties, party members and representation in the Netherlands / Josje den Ridder, Ruud Koole and Joop van Holsteyn -- Norwegian parties at work : representative capacities and political trust / Knut Heidar -- A skewed channel of participation in Denmark and an even more skewed recruitment pool / Karina Kosiara-Pedersen -- Representativeness of parties : old problems, new challenges / Knut Heidar and Bram Wauters.

Intro -- About the Book -- Contents -- Notes on Contributors -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Introduction: Political Economy of Gender and Development in Africa -- Chapter 1: Mapping Contradictions Within the Legal Frameworks and Cultural Norms on women's Right to Land and Agriculture in Western Kenya -- Introduction -- Women's Participation in Agricultural Production in Kenya -- Literature Review: Legal Frameworks, Cultural Norms, and Women's Land Rights in Kenya -- The Predicament of Legal Versus Cultural Norms in Kenya -- Feminism Challenging Patriarchy -- Context of the Study -- Results and Discussions -- Perceptions of Land Rights by Community Leaders: Legal Versus Cultural Expectations -- Perceptions of Land Rights by Government Officials: Legal Versus Cultural Expectations -- Perceptions of Land Rights by Women: Legal Versus Expectations -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 2: Representation of Women and Gendered Role Portrayals in Television Advertising: A Content Analysis of Ramadan Advertising in the Pre- and Post-Tunisian Revolution -- Introduction -- Context of the Study -- Method to Study Gender Roles and Portrayals -- Preliminary Analysis of TV Ads in 2007 and 2017 -- Results -- Analysis of the Portrayals of Men and Women -- Descriptive Variables -- Demographic Variables -- Approach Variables -- Conclusions -- Limitations and Future Research -- Appendix 1 -- Appendix 2 -- Appendix 3 -- Appendix 4 -- References -- Chapter 3: Women, Financial Inclusion, and Economic Development in Rwanda -- Introduction -- Financial Access and Development -- Development, Inequality, and Access to Financial Services -- Inequality and Access to Finance in Developing Nations -- Gender Inequality and Access to Finance -- Access to Finance in Developing Nations -- Access to Finance in Africa.

Introduction -- Theories of welfare state and work-family policy reform -- Design and evolution of work-family policies: a European comparative overview -- Policy developments in Germany and Italy: from a shared focus on the male-breadwinner model to diverging paths after the 1990s -- How normative beliefs and voting behavior shape party competition on work-family policies -- Women's descriptive representation: the more, the better? -- Work-family policy reform processes in Germany: continuous change towards dual-earner model support -- Italy: no consensus for change -- Conclusion