Suchergebnisse

In order to try to fill a gap in the existing literature on audiovisual translation, the general aim of this interdisciplinary project is to offer a diachronic study of film subtitling, mainly focusing on the Italian cinema distributed in the UK during the post-war period. More specifically, after having introduced in Chapter 1 the background as well as the disciplinary motivations for the proposed research, which will be further discussed in Chapter 2, this work may be divided into two main sections. The first one starts in Chapter 3, which traces the evolution of subtitling as translation practice, with a special focus on changing conventions at technical and linguistic level (punctuation and other conventions), from the silent era to the arrival of sound, thus creating a bridge between AVTS and Film Studies in a diachronic perspective. This link will be further strengthen in Chapter 4, which explores Italian cinema during the post-war period, contextualising the titles produced in those years within the social, cultural, political and economic context. The distribution of Italian films produced after the Second World War within the UK market will then be explored, with special emphasis on the choice of audiovisual translation modality adopted to distribute them within the British market, and on the preference of subtitling over dubbing for the so-called Italian art films. This first section, in addition to having explored film subtitling and Italian 12 cinema in a diachronic perspective, drawing on both Audiovisual Translation Studies and Film Studies, has also served as basis for the second section of the present work: the construction and analysis of a corpus of Italian films distributed in the UK, comprising three different subtitled versions for each title, with a 46-year time span, on average: Il Miracolo (Roberto Rossellini 1949), Ladri di Biciclette (Vittorio De Sica 1949); La Strada (Federico Fellini 1952), and L'Avventura (Michelangelo Antonioni 1960). Chapter 5 illustrates then the film corpus: the criteria for the collection of filmic materials, the selected source of data, the procedure for data collection, as well as the process of data transcription and extraction; the films under scrutiny will be illustrated in full details. Chapter 6 presents a descriptive and mainly qualitative analyses of the four films, and corresponding different versions, focusing on three main 'dimensions': technical (layout and spatial constraints), linguistic (punctuation marks and other conventions), and translation dimensions (the analysis of cultural elements). The decision to focus on these aspects precisely stems from the study carried out in the first section of the work, and specifically:  the changing practices and conventions which have affected film subtitling from the silent cinema era to modern times (Chapter 3);  the context in which these titles have been conceived and produced, determining their strict bound with the geographical, ethnographic, and socio-political national context (see Chapter 4);  the context in which these titles have been distributed and consumed, 13 determining and influencing British viewer's habits and expectations (see Chapter 5). Chapter 7 will finally provide with general and preliminary conclusions stemming from the studies carried out in the two main sections of the present work, also proposing further possibilities to expand the proposed research. Finally, after having listed the bibliographical and filmic references, the thesis concludes with the appendices, which contain the transcription of the film corpus: appendix I includes the transcription of the dialogues of the four films; and appendix II comprises the transcription of the subtitles from the 16 mm and 35 mm film prints, the VHS tapes, and the DVDs.

The reliable control of the military is of paramount importance for any regime around the world, especially authoritarian ones. Had it not been able to ensure the "command of the gun," it would be difficult to imagine the Chinese Communist Party celebrating the 100th anniversary of its founding in 2021. Yet, despite the importance of this subject, the study of civil-military relations in China surprisingly remains undertheorized. Although today there is a consensus among scholars that Samuel P. Huntington's concept of "objective control" best describes the current situation in China, such a concept is used in a merely descriptive manner. This article argues that although Huntington's original ideology-centered model is not faultless, the current approach risks producing major distortions in the analysis. Against the background of today's renewed interest for civil-military relations among political scientists, this article puts forwards suggestions regarding the future studies of civil-military relations in China. ; Un efficace controllo sulle proprie Forze armate è di fondamentale importanza per qualsiasi regime, specialmente per quelli autoritari. Se non fosse stato in grado di assicurarsi il "comando sul fucile", difficilmente il Partito comunista cinese celebrerebbe nel 2021 il centesimo anniversario della sua fondazione. Eppure, nonostante l'importanza del tema, la letteratura sulle relazioni tra civili e militari in Cina continua a caratterizzarsi per un inadeguato livello di teorizzazione. Sebbene gli studiosi tendano oggi ad analizzare il caso cinese nei termini del "controllo oggettivo" proposto da Samuel P. Huntington, tale concetto finisce per essere utilizzato in modo meramente descrittivo. La tesi dell'articolo è che, a dispetto dei limiti pur presenti nella formulazione originaria del modello incentrata sull'ideologia, l'applicazione oggi prevalente produca significative distorsioni nell'analisi. Considerato il rinnovato interesse della Scienza politica per il tema delle relazioni tra civili e militari, l'articolo avanza alcune proposte per la ricerca futura sul caso cinese.

An attempt to show how digraph-theory may be utilized in developing a soc network-theory, esp in the field of local power & influence. Some of the ways are indicated in which digraph-theory, which serves as a descriptive-explicative mathematical model, can be used to analyze componenets of theory of local power. Power is conceptualized as a system of SR. This presupposes in every local community a certain network of exchange ties. A mathematical description is sought of some of the properties of such a power-network. A mathematical model is used in the sense of a collection of definitions. The theory of graphs as a mathematical model in the study of local power configurations is, at least in the beginning, a descriptive theory of power structures. In a descriptive model based on the theory of graphs the power configuration (made of local influentials & the set of relationships among them) is conceptualized as a graph (a directed, possibly valued, multi-graph). When this is done, theorems about the graph, which is assumed to be isomorphic to the power configuration, can be translated into corresponding statements about the power structure. In this context the validation of such statements is a purely logical validation, a consequence of the assumed isomorphy between the graph & the power configuration. This descriptive approach is presented here. 27 Figures. Modified HA.

It is necessary, at the international level, to form functional skills to the demands of life and work, in terms of: the ability to solve problems, to take autonomous and flexible initiatives, to mobilize knowledge for Manage complex situations and solve problems. At the centre of a good employability of the person, are self-directed skills (thinking and consciously choosing one's own future), both those of planning and redrawing oneself (life design). In the field of employability, the meeting of young people with disabilities and the world of work is difficult, because of the persistence of stereotypes and stigmas, as well as the lack of a real political and systemic will to apply and make comply with the regulations. It is therefore necessary to explore the construction of employability not only from a theoretical point of view, but also through the perception that young adults with disabilities have their employability in order to implement training and advice to explore skills related to the employability of all young adults, from an inclusive perspective. A empirical-descriptive exploratory research has been chosen. In particular, the tool developed by the IISFOL/INAPP and computerized by the technology Section of the SInAPSi University Centre was used to explore the employability potential of young adults with disabilities in Campania (18-30 years). It was also chosen to explore, through semi-structured interviews, the history and professional project of 20 young disabled Campani. With regard to the data analysis methodology, the use of the NVIVO software (Richards, 1999) is foreseen for the qualitative analysis of all interviews and the use of SPSS software to perform descriptive analyses of the data Collected. Young persons with disabilities who participated in the study have a potential for employability Moderately low employability and report difficulties in the design of their professional project. The qualitative analysis confirmed this difficulty and frame the professional project in terms of ...

It is necessary, at the international level, to form functional skills to the demands of life and work, in terms of: the ability to solve problems, to take autonomous and flexible initiatives, to mobilize knowledge for Manage complex situations and solve problems. At the centre of a good employability of the person, are self-directed skills (thinking and consciously choosing one's own future), both those of planning and redrawing oneself (life design). In the field of employability, the meeting of young people with disabilities and the world of work is difficult, because of the persistence of stereotypes and stigmas, as well as the lack of a real political and systemic will to apply and make comply with the regulations. It is therefore necessary to explore the construction of employability not only from a theoretical point of view, but also through the perception that young adults with disabilities have their employability in order to implement training and advice to explore skills related to the employability of all young adults, from an inclusive perspective. A empirical-descriptive exploratory research has been chosen. In particular, the tool developed by the IISFOL/INAPP and computerized by the technology Section of the SInAPSi University Centre was used to explore the employability potential of young adults with disabilities in Campania (18-30 years). It was also chosen to explore, through semi-structured interviews, the history and professional project of 20 young disabled Campani. With regard to the data analysis methodology, the use of the NVIVO software (Richards, 1999) is foreseen for the qualitative analysis of all interviews and the use of SPSS software to perform descriptive analyses of the data Collected. Young persons with disabilities who participated in the study have a potential for employability Moderately low employability and report difficulties in the design of their professional project. The qualitative analysis confirmed this difficulty and frame the professional project in terms of ...

The history of the conceptualization & application of the notions of culture, political/civic culture, & social capital in politology, & comparative political science in particular, is traced, discussing: (1) treatments of the relationship between civic culture & democracy in classical works of sociology & political science (eg, Montesquieu, Guizot, Herder, or Tocqueville), (2) the pioneering study in Gabriel A. Almond & Sidney Verba's Civic Culture (Princeton: Princeton U Press, 1963), (3) neglect of the notion of civic culture in the 1970s & 1980s, (4) civic culture as a dependent & independent variable, (5) J. Coleman's (1988) definition of social capital, (6) Robert D. Putnam's definition of social capital & its use in La tradizione civica nelle regioni italiane ([The Civic Tradition in Italian Regions] Milan: Mondadori, 1993) & Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2000), (7) the effectiveness of the concept of social capital as a descriptive-explanatory tool in comparative political science, & (8) the continued controversy & debate on this notion in contemporary politology. References. Z. Dubiel

Sexual health in Flanders describes the results of the first representative population-based study on this topic in Flanders (the Northern, Dutch-speaking part of Belgium). A research team of psychologists, sexologists, sociologists and medical doctors, affiliated with Ghent University, KU Leuven and Ghent University Hospital collaborated on this research project that aimed to explore various aspects of sexual behavior and sexual health in men and women living in Flanders. Apart from providing in reliable, valid, descriptive scientific data, this study offers important information on which a more targeted policy to promote sexual health can be developed.

This reference work is based on a survey in which 1832 Flemish men and women – aged 14 to 80 years old – participated and that covered various aspects of sexual health. The focus is not only on sexual experiences and practices; attention is also paid to the relational and social context in which these experiences occur. In addition, a number of chapters elaborate on the sexual start (the first sexual experiences), reproductive health, sexual dysfunctions, cross-border sexual behavior, and profiles of sexual health.

The detailed description of the methodology that was used, allows the reader to evaluate the accuracy of the many tables, figures and numbers that are presented. In short, Sexual health in Flanders is an essential reference work for anyone with an interest in a reliable, detailed and scientific image of a broad range of aspects of sexual health in Flanders.

The framework of public administration in many developing countries was, to a large extent, set by the colonial powers: direct or indirect rule, centralization of administrative power benefiting only a small elite, & the abuse of power at the lower levels of government affect the administrative apparatus to this day. Other problems are the psychological insecurity of many administrators, the intertwining of politics & administration, the inability of the administrators to cope with problems of economic planning & performance, & the general shortage of skilled personnel, especially in the field of management. The science of public administration presents various approaches to the study of administration in developing countries, including: (1)`ideographic' analysis (largely descriptive, & directed at the solution of practical problems), & (2) typologies & classifications (`crude' models or sophisticated ideal types, like M. Weber's 'bureaucracy'). F. W. Riggs's bipolar ideal type of 'agraria' & 'industria' deserve particular attention; when used in the context of an ecological approach (eg, Riggs, F. W., Administration in Developing Countries-The Theory of Prismatic Society, Boston: Little, Brown, 1964) it forms a very useful approach to the study of public administration in developing countries. Ideographic analysis suffers from a lack of scientific rigor, but its attention to history & culture & its practical orientation constitute definite advantages. Yet, there are considerable problems in justifying `comparative ideographic' development assistance in the field of public administration. Weber's ideal type offers another useful starting point for the study of development administration, but only if one uses the bureaucratic ideal type in a more inductive way than Weber did, & if one takes great care to avoid simplistic notions about a `modern' bureaucracy. Riggs's ecological approach & Weber's ideal type of `the bureaucracy' as reformulated by F. Heady (Public Administration: A Comparative Perspective, Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall, 1966), seem to be the most solid bases for a further development of the study of development administration. Modified HA.

The framework of public administration in many developing countries was, to a large extent, set by the colonial powers: direct or indirect rule, centralization of administrative power benefiting only a small elite, & the abuse of power at the lower levels of government affect the administrative apparatus to this day. Other problems are the psychological insecurity of many administrators, the intertwining of politics & administration, the inability of the administrators to cope with problems of economic planning & performance, & the general shortage of skilled personnel, especially in the field of management. The science of public administration presents various approaches to the study of administration in developing countries, including: (1)'ideographic' analysis (largely descriptive, & directed at the solution of practical problems), & (2) typologies & classifications ('crude' models or sophisticated ideal types, like M. Weber's 'bureaucracy'). F. W. Riggs's bipolar ideal type of 'agraria' & 'industria' deserve particular attention; when used in the context of an ecological approach (eg, Riggs, F. W., Administration in Developing Countries--The Theory of Prismatic Society, Boston: Little, Brown, 1964) it forms a very useful approach to the study of public administration in developing countries. Ideographic analysis suffers from a lack of scientific rigor, but its attention to history & culture & its practical orientation constitute definite advantages. Yet, there are considerable problems in justifying 'comparative ideographic' development assistance in the field of public administration. Weber's ideal type offers another useful starting point for the study of development administration, but only if one uses the bureaucratic ideal type in a more inductive way than Weber did, & if one takes great care to avoid simplistic notions about a 'modern' bureaucracy. Riggs's ecological approach & Weber's ideal type of 'the bureaucracy' as reformulated by F. Heady (Public Administration: A Comparative Perspective, Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall, 1966), seem to be the most solid bases for a further development of the study of development administration. Modified HA.

Smart Working (SW) is a new form of work based on the use of digital devices allowing people to work anywhere and anytime, which has developed in the last decades, but only recently has become the object of studies, discussions, and attention of several organizations, companies and governments. SW rises from the digitalization of the work and the spread of mobile technologies, but is more than flexible working or teleworking. It reorganizes completely the world of work and shapes the private life of the workers. The present study is aimed at giving a theoretical background, and through an empirical analysis, studying the possible implications of the use of ICTs and the degree of mobility of the workers on their working conditions and wellbeing conditions. Despite the increasing interest in this topic, there are only few empirical studies that address the above issue. Therefore, this study tries to contribute to fill this gap through an analysis of secondary data from the 6th European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS, EC 2015), on a sample of more than 43.000 European workers. The first part of this work is a review of the literature on the digitalization of the work, its impact and consequences on the world of work and on the new forms of work. Then, SW is described and the analysis covers the traits, the advantages and the drawbacks for the smart workers, the roots and the levers of this new form of work, the fields of adoption, and finally an eye to the future. In the second part of this study, the research hypotheses are tested through the analysis of data from the 6th EWCS. In particular, the sample is divided in five groups of workers based on the intensity of the use of ICT and on their degree of mobility. For each group descriptive statistics are computed in order to describe them. Then, on the whole sample, measures of association are produced to find relationships between ICT use intensity and degree of mobility, and between these and working conditions and wellbeing conditions. Finally, regression analyses are computed in order to find some predictors able to explain the consequences of the adoption of SW. In the final part of the study, the implications of the main findings are discussed.

The database Cretan Institutional Inscriptions was created as part of the PhD research project in Ancient Heritage Studies Kretikai Politeiai: Cretan Institutions from VII to I century BC, carried out at the University of Venice Ca' Foscari by Irene Vagionakis from 2016 to 2019, under the supervision of Claudia Antonetti and Gabriel Bodard. The research project aimed at collecting the epigraphic sources related to the institutional elements of the many political entities of Crete, with a view to highlighting the specificity of each context in the period between the rise of the poleis and the Roman conquest of the island. The main component of the database consists of the epigraphic collection of the 600 inscriptions constituting the core of the documentary base of the study, for each of which an XML edition compliant with the TEI EpiDoc international standard was created. Each EpiDoc edition includes a descriptive and a bibliographic lemma, the text of the inscription, a selective apparatus criticus and a commentary focused on the institutional data offered by the document. In addition to the epigraphic collection, the database includes a collection of the main related literary sources, a catalogue of the attested Cretan institutions (assemblies, boards, officials, associations, civic subdivisions, social statuses, age classes, months, festivities and other celebrations, institutional practices, institutional instruments, public spaces) and a catalogue of the political entities of Crete (poleis, koina, dependent communities, extra-urban sanctuaries, hegemonic alliances). Data and SW available at https://github.com/IreneVagionakis/CretanInscriptions

National and international literature and legislation recognize the lead in grole of Physical Education in learning social and civic competences. Such learning can be hindered or facilitated by environmental contextual factors. In the perspective of an inclusive school, it is essential to take this factors into consideration in the assessment procedures in order to design didactic and educational interventions aimed at removing barriers and implementing environmental facilitators. The ICF-CY model issuitable for this purpose, however it is rarely used in schoolevaluation practices.The present study highlights the possibility of using the ICF-CY in Physical Education in order to orientate the formative evaluation of social and civic competences through the detection of descriptive information of social behaviors and contextual environmental factors that impact them during motor activities and recreational-sports.The research group identified significant correspondences between some ICF-CY categories and social and civic competences. On the basis of such correspondences, the group developed an operational tool for the evaluation of social and civic competences based on the ICFCY which can be directly used in the daily work of the Physical Education teacher in the first degree of the secondary school. ; La letteratura e la normativa, nazionale ed internazionale, riconoscono il ruolo di primo piano dell'Educazione Fisica nell'apprendimento delle competenze sociali e civiche. Tale apprendimento può essere ostacolato o facilitato dai fattori contestuali ambientali. Nella prospettiva di una scuola inclusiva, risulta fondamentale considerare questi fattori nelle procedure di valutazioneal fine di progettare interventi didattici ed educativi volti alla rimozione delle barriere e all'implementazione dei facilitatori ambientali. Il modello dell'ICF-CY risulta adeguato a tale scopo, ma è scarsamente utilizzato nelle prassi valutative a scuola.Il presente studio evidenzia la possibilità dell'impiego dell'ICF-CY in Educazione ...

none ; The main purpose of the present work is to develop a methodological proposal for the evaluation of development policies and regeneration strategies for small historical towns and minor historical cities, while reconsidering the conceptual categories which define their territorial role. More specifically, the contribution of this investigation is to identify a flexible evaluation process and consequently to build an operational tool – the Evaluation Set of Indicators. The Evaluation Set is a tool to investigate how actions, programs and projects are implemented and the effects they produce; it aims at contributing directly to the continuous improvement of "territorial performances" and at supporting the possible rescheduling of interventions by government and local authorities. The investigation has been supported by both an historical and descriptive approach (analysis of the literature, legislation and the most significant experiences, not only with respect to regeneration strategies for historical towns, but also with respect to evaluation methodologies) and an empirical case study analysis; indeed the application of the Evaluation Set has been tested through two case studies (Regione Toscana and Regione Sardegna), used as benchmarks for the methodological proposal. Since the early '60s, Italian academic debate about architectural and heritage conservation of historic towns and cities has been extremely lively and it has produced a number of in-depth researches. Indeed, historic towns and cities are the larger part of Italian settlements and they are proper to this Country: they are part of the historic character of Italy, they tell the story of its unique development and give a sense of place, continuity and cultural identity. However, over the last few years, rapid economic changes and accelerated growth have caused a widespread abandonment and decay of historic towns: they have lost their primary functions and their territorial viability has faded away. Consequently, academic studies have pointed out ...

Digital Revolution brings the most complex challenge of contemporaneity. Digital has transformed the way to produce, transmit, share and interact with knowledge. Rethinking digital and digitization as social and cultural expressions of the contemporary era becomes unavoidable. This implies the need to rethink digital data as cultural entities produced by societies, and no longer as mere tools for simplifying administrative management or as virtual surrogates of analog cultural heritage. It is urgent to undertake serious policies aimed at ensuring the data preservation not only in their formal aspects, but above all in their structural and descriptive contents which qualify and identify their creative and evolutionary processes: we have to assess data in their new role as witnesses of our processes evolution and as memory to be transferred to the future. The present contribution aims at proposing a structural redefinition of digital data, with the goal to renew their function and role as cultural resources by which the future generation will know the processes of contemporary digital age, entrusting metadata with the function of primary sources of information and knowledge to read, study, share and reuse. ; La rivoluzione digitale porta con sé la sfida più complessa della contemporaneità. Il digitale ha trasformato completamente le modalità di produzione, trasmissione e condivisione del sapere e il nostro modo stesso d'interagire con esso. Diventa ineludibile ripensare il digitale e la digitalizzazione quali espressioni sociali e culturali dell'epoca contemporanea. Il che comporta la necessità di ripensare i dati digitali in quanto entità culturali prodotte dalle società, e non più quali meri strumenti di semplificazione della gestione amministrativa o surroghe virtuali del patrimonio culturale analogico. Diviene urgente intraprendere serie politiche finalizzate a garantirne la conservazione non solo degli aspetti formali, ma soprattutto degli aspetti strutturali e descrittivi che ne qualificano e identificano i processi creativi ed evolutivi, e ne giustificano il ruolo di testimoni e memoria storica da trasferire nell'integrità dei processi nel tempo e nello spazio. Il presente contributo intende proporre una ridefinizione strutturale dei dati digitali, finalizzata a conferirgli caratteristiche utili a configurarli quali risorse culturali tramite cui conoscere i processi che caratterizzano l'era digitale contemporanea, affidando ai metadati la funzione di fonti primarie cui le generazioni future potranno accedere per leggerne, studiarne, condividerne e riusarne le informazioni.