Suchergebnisse

The thesis focus is 'Pakistani foreign policy' in regard to the 'global war on terror'. Pakistan being a frontline state in war on terror always remained in focus of international community. Pakistan with its actions in war on terror failed to fulfill expectations of international community. This led to international allegations on Pakistan regarding its role in war on terror. The allegations were e.g. "Pakistan have double standards in war on terror". The thesis aims are to explore the reasons of dual-face foreign policy of Pakistan, outcomes of such policies and current directions of Pakistani foreign policy in war on terror. In the effort of researching the topic, the research tasks are composed of 'presenting the theory of Realism as being suitable theoretical ground for the study; presentation of the historical context of Pakistani foreign policy pre 9/11; analysis of Pakistani foreign policy combating terrorism after 9/11; analyzing the Pakistan's role creating terrorism in respect of international allegations; and evaluation of Pakistan's current role in global war on terror'. The study is based on the analysis of the scientific literature. The qualitative research methods such as content analysis, comparison method, historical method, descriptive method and media monitoring are mainly used in the thesis. Considering the Pakistan's geographic position, its geo-political problems with neighbors, power balance, regional arm race, security dilemma problem considering these factors the case study was conducted using Realism theoretical perspective. The next chapters were efforts to establish a point where the current position and future directions of Pakistani foreign policy in respect of its war on terror could be explored. Finally, the last part of the thesis constitutes the major conclusions of the research study. The thesis proved that Pakistan remained an active member of international community in war on terror but due to its geographic position was forced to establish dual-face policies in war. The different approach was due to the difference of interests. It was the matter of survival for the Pakistan. December 16, 2014 Peshawar school attacks, changed Pakistani approach towards terrorism. Pakistan current foreign policy is very clear to eliminate the terrorism without exceptions. The use of non-state actors by states became an international norm. The South Asia region might continue to see such events in future but groups like Al-Qaeda, ISIS, and Taliban do not have any soft place in current Pakistani foreign policy. Current Pakistani foreign policy categorizes global war on terror, a war for its own survival.

The thesis focus is 'Pakistani foreign policy' in regard to the 'global war on terror'. Pakistan being a frontline state in war on terror always remained in focus of international community. Pakistan with its actions in war on terror failed to fulfill expectations of international community. This led to international allegations on Pakistan regarding its role in war on terror. The allegations were e.g. "Pakistan have double standards in war on terror". The thesis aims are to explore the reasons of dual-face foreign policy of Pakistan, outcomes of such policies and current directions of Pakistani foreign policy in war on terror. In the effort of researching the topic, the research tasks are composed of 'presenting the theory of Realism as being suitable theoretical ground for the study; presentation of the historical context of Pakistani foreign policy pre 9/11; analysis of Pakistani foreign policy combating terrorism after 9/11; analyzing the Pakistan's role creating terrorism in respect of international allegations; and evaluation of Pakistan's current role in global war on terror'. The study is based on the analysis of the scientific literature. The qualitative research methods such as content analysis, comparison method, historical method, descriptive method and media monitoring are mainly used in the thesis. Considering the Pakistan's geographic position, its geo-political problems with neighbors, power balance, regional arm race, security dilemma problem considering these factors the case study was conducted using Realism theoretical perspective. The next chapters were efforts to establish a point where the current position and future directions of Pakistani foreign policy in respect of its war on terror could be explored. Finally, the last part of the thesis constitutes the major conclusions of the research study. The thesis proved that Pakistan remained an active member of international community in war on terror but due to its geographic position was forced to establish dual-face policies in war. The different approach was due to the difference of interests. It was the matter of survival for the Pakistan. December 16, 2014 Peshawar school attacks, changed Pakistani approach towards terrorism. Pakistan current foreign policy is very clear to eliminate the terrorism without exceptions. The use of non-state actors by states became an international norm. The South Asia region might continue to see such events in future but groups like Al-Qaeda, ISIS, and Taliban do not have any soft place in current Pakistani foreign policy. Current Pakistani foreign policy categorizes global war on terror, a war for its own survival.

The thesis focus is 'Pakistani foreign policy' in regard to the 'global war on terror'. Pakistan being a frontline state in war on terror always remained in focus of international community. Pakistan with its actions in war on terror failed to fulfill expectations of international community. This led to international allegations on Pakistan regarding its role in war on terror. The allegations were e.g. "Pakistan have double standards in war on terror". The thesis aims are to explore the reasons of dual-face foreign policy of Pakistan, outcomes of such policies and current directions of Pakistani foreign policy in war on terror. In the effort of researching the topic, the research tasks are composed of 'presenting the theory of Realism as being suitable theoretical ground for the study; presentation of the historical context of Pakistani foreign policy pre 9/11; analysis of Pakistani foreign policy combating terrorism after 9/11; analyzing the Pakistan's role creating terrorism in respect of international allegations; and evaluation of Pakistan's current role in global war on terror'. The study is based on the analysis of the scientific literature. The qualitative research methods such as content analysis, comparison method, historical method, descriptive method and media monitoring are mainly used in the thesis. Considering the Pakistan's geographic position, its geo-political problems with neighbors, power balance, regional arm race, security dilemma problem considering these factors the case study was conducted using Realism theoretical perspective. The next chapters were efforts to establish a point where the current position and future directions of Pakistani foreign policy in respect of its war on terror could be explored. Finally, the last part of the thesis constitutes the major conclusions of the research study. The thesis proved that Pakistan remained an active member of international community in war on terror but due to its geographic position was forced to establish dual-face policies in war. The different approach was due to the difference of interests. It was the matter of survival for the Pakistan. December 16, 2014 Peshawar school attacks, changed Pakistani approach towards terrorism. Pakistan current foreign policy is very clear to eliminate the terrorism without exceptions. The use of non-state actors by states became an international norm. The South Asia region might continue to see such events in future but groups like Al-Qaeda, ISIS, and Taliban do not have any soft place in current Pakistani foreign policy. Current Pakistani foreign policy categorizes global war on terror, a war for its own survival.

Foreign body and food bolius impaction in the upper gastrointestinal tract is a common clinical situation in emergency departments throughout the world. The majority of foreign bodies will pass through the gastrointestinal tract and naturally go out with the stool, but in about 1/5 of cases the foreign bodies must be removed. The impaction of a foreign body in the upper gastrointestinal tract is the second leading cause of urgent endoscopy after bleeding. The aim of this retrospective descriptive study is to review a quarter-century (25 years) experience of removal foreign bodies from the upper gastrointestinal tract by flexible endoscopic approach in Republican Vilnius University Hospital (RVUL). We conclude that the endoscopic removal of foreign bodies by a qualified specialist is an effective and safe method with a great success rate of the procedure using an endoscope with accessories: loop, basket and forceps, which significantly reduces the length of hospitalization and requirement of surgery.

Foreign body and food bolius impaction in the upper gastrointestinal tract is a common clinical situation in emergency departments throughout the world. The majority of foreign bodies will pass through the gastrointestinal tract and naturally go out with the stool, but in about 1/5 of cases the foreign bodies must be removed. The impaction of a foreign body in the upper gastrointestinal tract is the second leading cause of urgent endoscopy after bleeding. The aim of this retrospective descriptive study is to review a quarter-century (25 years) experience of removal foreign bodies from the upper gastrointestinal tract by flexible endoscopic approach in Republican Vilnius University Hospital (RVUL). We conclude that the endoscopic removal of foreign bodies by a qualified specialist is an effective and safe method with a great success rate of the procedure using an endoscope with accessories: loop, basket and forceps, which significantly reduces the length of hospitalization and requirement of surgery.

Foreign body and food bolius impaction in the upper gastrointestinal tract is a common clinical situation in emergency departments throughout the world. The majority of foreign bodies will pass through the gastrointestinal tract and naturally go out with the stool, but in about 1/5 of cases the foreign bodies must be removed. The impaction of a foreign body in the upper gastrointestinal tract is the second leading cause of urgent endoscopy after bleeding. The aim of this retrospective descriptive study is to review a quarter-century (25 years) experience of removal foreign bodies from the upper gastrointestinal tract by flexible endoscopic approach in Republican Vilnius University Hospital (RVUL). We conclude that the endoscopic removal of foreign bodies by a qualified specialist is an effective and safe method with a great success rate of the procedure using an endoscope with accessories: loop, basket and forceps, which significantly reduces the length of hospitalization and requirement of surgery.

Epidemiological Patterns of Yersiniosis and Assessment of Risk Factors: Case Control Study in Vilnius County. Protection of public health from zoonoses directly or indirectly transmitted by animals to humans is of utmost importance. Y. enterocolitica is widely spread in the environment and animal populations, which poses a threat for people to get infected with yersiniosis. Objective. To assess epidemiologic patterns and risk factors of yersiniosis in the case-control study in Vilnius County. Survey tasks. To assess relevance of yersiniosis in a group of intestinal tract infections transmissible through food and water in Lithuania and the European Union; to identify epidemiologic patterns of yersiniosis in Lithuania and Vilnius County in a period of 2005-2015; to assess risk factors and their prevalence in Vilnius County in the period concerned. Methods. A descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted. The data of Division for Prevention and Control of Communicable Diseases of Vilnius Public Health Centre, the Centre for Communicable Diseases and AIDS, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, the European Food Safety Authority, and the Statistics Department of Lithuania have been used. A model of broken-stick regression (segmented regression), Fisher's exact test, the Pearson's and Spearman's correlation coefficients were applied for the analysis. Two types of study, namely an ecological study and a case-control study, were used for assessment of risk factors of yersiniosis. Linear, polynomial, and multiple logistic regressions were applied. Results. A long-term dynamics of yersiniosis morbidity rate in Vilnius city and Lithuania exhibits significant changes in the general trend: in 2005-2009 the morbidity rate was increasing, and in 2009-2015 the morbidity rate of yersiniosis was decreasing. The decreasing trend was characteristic of Vilnius County in the period of 2005-2015. The morbidity structure in terms of gender differs: men were at a higher risk to contract yersiniosis than women (Vilnius County had RR=1.50, 95 % CI 1.27; 1.81; Lithuania had RR=1.99, 95 % CI 1.13; 1.28). The main risk group for yersiniosis consists of children of 0-3 years of age. During the analysed period, hospitalised yersiniosis cases constituted 57.3 percent in Vilnius County, and 69.2 percent in Lithuania. An inverse correlation was established between the vegetable intake and yersiniosis morbidity rate in 2007-2015 in different states of the European Union (Pearson's r=-0.58; p=0.01). An increased risk to contract yersiniosis may be related to consumption of pork and its products (adjusted OR=3.65), raw fish (adjusted OR=5.57), and seafood (adjusted OR=2.03). Conclusions. The observed epidemiologic patterns of yersiniosis in the analysed period may be associated with intake of certain risky foods, ensuring of safety of their placing on the market, and certain changes in the epidemiologic supervision system. Despite the decreasing trend in its morbidity rates, yersiniosis remains a critical problem of public health, especially among children.

Epidemiological Patterns of Yersiniosis and Assessment of Risk Factors: Case Control Study in Vilnius County. Protection of public health from zoonoses directly or indirectly transmitted by animals to humans is of utmost importance. Y. enterocolitica is widely spread in the environment and animal populations, which poses a threat for people to get infected with yersiniosis. Objective. To assess epidemiologic patterns and risk factors of yersiniosis in the case-control study in Vilnius County. Survey tasks. To assess relevance of yersiniosis in a group of intestinal tract infections transmissible through food and water in Lithuania and the European Union; to identify epidemiologic patterns of yersiniosis in Lithuania and Vilnius County in a period of 2005-2015; to assess risk factors and their prevalence in Vilnius County in the period concerned. Methods. A descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted. The data of Division for Prevention and Control of Communicable Diseases of Vilnius Public Health Centre, the Centre for Communicable Diseases and AIDS, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, the European Food Safety Authority, and the Statistics Department of Lithuania have been used. A model of broken-stick regression (segmented regression), Fisher's exact test, the Pearson's and Spearman's correlation coefficients were applied for the analysis. Two types of study, namely an ecological study and a case-control study, were used for assessment of risk factors of yersiniosis. Linear, polynomial, and multiple logistic regressions were applied. Results. A long-term dynamics of yersiniosis morbidity rate in Vilnius city and Lithuania exhibits significant changes in the general trend: in 2005-2009 the morbidity rate was increasing, and in 2009-2015 the morbidity rate of yersiniosis was decreasing. The decreasing trend was characteristic of Vilnius County in the period of 2005-2015. The morbidity structure in terms of gender differs: men were at a higher risk to contract yersiniosis than women (Vilnius County had RR=1.50, 95 % CI 1.27; 1.81; Lithuania had RR=1.99, 95 % CI 1.13; 1.28). The main risk group for yersiniosis consists of children of 0-3 years of age. During the analysed period, hospitalised yersiniosis cases constituted 57.3 percent in Vilnius County, and 69.2 percent in Lithuania. An inverse correlation was established between the vegetable intake and yersiniosis morbidity rate in 2007-2015 in different states of the European Union (Pearson's r=-0.58; p=0.01). An increased risk to contract yersiniosis may be related to consumption of pork and its products (adjusted OR=3.65), raw fish (adjusted OR=5.57), and seafood (adjusted OR=2.03). Conclusions. The observed epidemiologic patterns of yersiniosis in the analysed period may be associated with intake of certain risky foods, ensuring of safety of their placing on the market, and certain changes in the epidemiologic supervision system. Despite the decreasing trend in its morbidity rates, yersiniosis remains a critical problem of public health, especially among children.

Epidemiological Patterns of Yersiniosis and Assessment of Risk Factors: Case Control Study in Vilnius County. Protection of public health from zoonoses directly or indirectly transmitted by animals to humans is of utmost importance. Y. enterocolitica is widely spread in the environment and animal populations, which poses a threat for people to get infected with yersiniosis. Objective. To assess epidemiologic patterns and risk factors of yersiniosis in the case-control study in Vilnius County. Survey tasks. To assess relevance of yersiniosis in a group of intestinal tract infections transmissible through food and water in Lithuania and the European Union; to identify epidemiologic patterns of yersiniosis in Lithuania and Vilnius County in a period of 2005-2015; to assess risk factors and their prevalence in Vilnius County in the period concerned. Methods. A descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted. The data of Division for Prevention and Control of Communicable Diseases of Vilnius Public Health Centre, the Centre for Communicable Diseases and AIDS, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, the European Food Safety Authority, and the Statistics Department of Lithuania have been used. A model of broken-stick regression (segmented regression), Fisher's exact test, the Pearson's and Spearman's correlation coefficients were applied for the analysis. Two types of study, namely an ecological study and a case-control study, were used for assessment of risk factors of yersiniosis. Linear, polynomial, and multiple logistic regressions were applied. Results. A long-term dynamics of yersiniosis morbidity rate in Vilnius city and Lithuania exhibits significant changes in the general trend: in 2005-2009 the morbidity rate was increasing, and in 2009-2015 the morbidity rate of yersiniosis was decreasing. The decreasing trend was characteristic of Vilnius County in the period of 2005-2015. The morbidity structure in terms of gender differs: men were at a higher risk to contract yersiniosis than women (Vilnius County had RR=1.50, 95 % CI 1.27; 1.81; Lithuania had RR=1.99, 95 % CI 1.13; 1.28). The main risk group for yersiniosis consists of children of 0-3 years of age. During the analysed period, hospitalised yersiniosis cases constituted 57.3 percent in Vilnius County, and 69.2 percent in Lithuania. An inverse correlation was established between the vegetable intake and yersiniosis morbidity rate in 2007-2015 in different states of the European Union (Pearson's r=-0.58; p=0.01). An increased risk to contract yersiniosis may be related to consumption of pork and its products (adjusted OR=3.65), raw fish (adjusted OR=5.57), and seafood (adjusted OR=2.03). Conclusions. The observed epidemiologic patterns of yersiniosis in the analysed period may be associated with intake of certain risky foods, ensuring of safety of their placing on the market, and certain changes in the epidemiologic supervision system. Despite the decreasing trend in its morbidity rates, yersiniosis remains a critical problem of public health, especially among children.

Epidemiological Patterns of Yersiniosis and Assessment of Risk Factors: Case Control Study in Vilnius County. Protection of public health from zoonoses directly or indirectly transmitted by animals to humans is of utmost importance. Y. enterocolitica is widely spread in the environment and animal populations, which poses a threat for people to get infected with yersiniosis. Objective. To assess epidemiologic patterns and risk factors of yersiniosis in the case-control study in Vilnius County. Survey tasks. To assess relevance of yersiniosis in a group of intestinal tract infections transmissible through food and water in Lithuania and the European Union; to identify epidemiologic patterns of yersiniosis in Lithuania and Vilnius County in a period of 2005-2015; to assess risk factors and their prevalence in Vilnius County in the period concerned. Methods. A descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted. The data of Division for Prevention and Control of Communicable Diseases of Vilnius Public Health Centre, the Centre for Communicable Diseases and AIDS, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, the European Food Safety Authority, and the Statistics Department of Lithuania have been used. A model of broken-stick regression (segmented regression), Fisher's exact test, the Pearson's and Spearman's correlation coefficients were applied for the analysis. Two types of study, namely an ecological study and a case-control study, were used for assessment of risk factors of yersiniosis. Linear, polynomial, and multiple logistic regressions were applied. Results. A long-term dynamics of yersiniosis morbidity rate in Vilnius city and Lithuania exhibits significant changes in the general trend: in 2005-2009 the morbidity rate was increasing, and in 2009-2015 the morbidity rate of yersiniosis was decreasing. The decreasing trend was characteristic of Vilnius County in the period of 2005-2015. The morbidity structure in terms of gender differs: men were at a higher risk to contract yersiniosis than women (Vilnius County had RR=1.50, 95 % CI 1.27; 1.81; Lithuania had RR=1.99, 95 % CI 1.13; 1.28). The main risk group for yersiniosis consists of children of 0-3 years of age. During the analysed period, hospitalised yersiniosis cases constituted 57.3 percent in Vilnius County, and 69.2 percent in Lithuania. An inverse correlation was established between the vegetable intake and yersiniosis morbidity rate in 2007-2015 in different states of the European Union (Pearson's r=-0.58; p=0.01). An increased risk to contract yersiniosis may be related to consumption of pork and its products (adjusted OR=3.65), raw fish (adjusted OR=5.57), and seafood (adjusted OR=2.03). Conclusions. The observed epidemiologic patterns of yersiniosis in the analysed period may be associated with intake of certain risky foods, ensuring of safety of their placing on the market, and certain changes in the epidemiologic supervision system. Despite the decreasing trend in its morbidity rates, yersiniosis remains a critical problem of public health, especially among children.

An object of this research is far right political parties communication. A goal of this research – evaluate/asses the role of ideology in far right political parties communication. The tasks for this research are: to define the concept and functions of ideology in the communication of political parties; to discuss what political parties communication is and the role of ideology in this context; evaluate/asses whether the far right political parties' communication is based on the concept of quasi-ideology. Analysis of scientific literature, analytical work and study on the basis of academic reference and a descriptive study methods has led to two conclusions. The first relates to the radical right "ideology of the deficit." The research shows, that they are united by a common image and communication methods, not programme policies or ideology. This is due to discredited historical roots of far right political parties and the tendency to "borrow" ideological elements of the other party families in the context of cultural and socio-economic dimensions. As far right political parties do not have strong programme "spin", a "lowest common denominator" is used to identify the ideological attitudes of this party family. However, comparison with the populist parties' communication strategy reveals, that the "lowest common denominator" is rather concerned with how the party communicates, nor with what they communicate. The Austrian far right political parties programmes' analysis noted that both parties are much closer to the political center than the ideal far right political preferences model predict. Second, the structure of parties election communication shows, that ideology is a communication tool rather than element of political identity. Programmes do not cover the core principles that would enable to treat parties as possessing clear ideology. However, both political parties could be considered as excellent example, how to fulfill the functions of ideology, as it is interpreted in the communication theories.

An object of this research is far right political parties communication. A goal of this research – evaluate/asses the role of ideology in far right political parties communication. The tasks for this research are: to define the concept and functions of ideology in the communication of political parties; to discuss what political parties communication is and the role of ideology in this context; evaluate/asses whether the far right political parties' communication is based on the concept of quasi-ideology. Analysis of scientific literature, analytical work and study on the basis of academic reference and a descriptive study methods has led to two conclusions. The first relates to the radical right "ideology of the deficit." The research shows, that they are united by a common image and communication methods, not programme policies or ideology. This is due to discredited historical roots of far right political parties and the tendency to "borrow" ideological elements of the other party families in the context of cultural and socio-economic dimensions. As far right political parties do not have strong programme "spin", a "lowest common denominator" is used to identify the ideological attitudes of this party family. However, comparison with the populist parties' communication strategy reveals, that the "lowest common denominator" is rather concerned with how the party communicates, nor with what they communicate. The Austrian far right political parties programmes' analysis noted that both parties are much closer to the political center than the ideal far right political preferences model predict. Second, the structure of parties election communication shows, that ideology is a communication tool rather than element of political identity. Programmes do not cover the core principles that would enable to treat parties as possessing clear ideology. However, both political parties could be considered as excellent example, how to fulfill the functions of ideology, as it is interpreted in the communication theories.

Public services in the health sector are – one of the main activities to ensure the municipal functions. One way to modernize public services is through information and communication technologies. Expanding information and communication technologies provide opportunities for health sector efficiency. Lithuania has developed a legal framework for e. health system, introduced e. health concept, regulated e. health system functions, approved and established requirements for information systems implementation in healthcare institutions, implemented state and regional investment projects, and is pursuing other developments in health information system. Health care institutions faces failures in e. health project implementation: poor job planning, staff resistance to innovation, medical personnel's lack of computer literacy. The problem of the research: what measures of public services modernization, for developing e. health system, help to ensure the effective health policy development in public institutions "Tauragė Hospital"and "Šilalė Hospital"? Based on the scientific literature analysis and empirical research the Master's thesis suggests improvement solutions for modernization of public services in implementing e. health system in public institutions "Tauragė Hospital"and "Šilalė Hospital". To achieve the aim of the research, the following tasks were formulated: 1) to review literature on public services modernization in the context of different approaches; 2) to analyse theoretical bases of e. health services development; 3) to identify problems of e. health system development in Lithuania; 4) to investigate views and experiences of physicians and patients on the public services modernization in public institutions "Tauragė Hospital"and "Šilalė Hospital". These research methods were employed: scientific literature review, document analysis descriptive and comparative, analysis of qualitative and quantitative data. The research results showed that physicians and patients in public institutions "Tauragė Hospital"and "Šilalė Hospital" uses a variety of tools within e. health system. The advantages of e. health system for physicians are identified: speed, convenient access to databases that store previous health events and past medical treatments. The main disadvantages are apparent in the investigated health facilities are: lack of unified e. health system, physicians are using different information systems, not all records are accessible, medical institutions are not fully integrated into the system, the IT system does not work smoothly, it is difficult to navigate. Patients usually face the following problems: too little information about use of e. health system is provided, the patients struggle with computer literacy problems, which are determined by socio-demographic characteristics. To solve the problems, physicians in public institutions should be encouraged to disseminate the information about health services, share leaflets or brochures with patient containing details of the e. health system, its benefits and opportunities for patients. Patients in public institutions are suggested to increase their computer literacy, enabling quick and easy use of e. health services. The thesis consists of an introduction, four parts, conclusions and recommendations. In the first part of the work the problems of public services modernization are analysed. In the second part of the work theoretical base of e. health services development presented, including the e. health concept, advantages and disadvantages of e. health services, opportunities and threats of modernization. In the third part of the work research methodology for e. health services modernization analysis is described. The fourth part examines attitudes of physicians and patients about the modernization of public services in public institutions "Tauragė Hospital"and "Šilalė Hospital". The work ends with conclusions and recommendations. The project includes 12 tables, 19 illustrations, 2 annexes. 48 sources of scientific literature were used as well as 6 pieces of legislation and sources of data

Public services in the health sector are – one of the main activities to ensure the municipal functions. One way to modernize public services is through information and communication technologies. Expanding information and communication technologies provide opportunities for health sector efficiency. Lithuania has developed a legal framework for e. health system, introduced e. health concept, regulated e. health system functions, approved and established requirements for information systems implementation in healthcare institutions, implemented state and regional investment projects, and is pursuing other developments in health information system. Health care institutions faces failures in e. health project implementation: poor job planning, staff resistance to innovation, medical personnel's lack of computer literacy. The problem of the research: what measures of public services modernization, for developing e. health system, help to ensure the effective health policy development in public institutions "Tauragė Hospital"and "Šilalė Hospital"? Based on the scientific literature analysis and empirical research the Master's thesis suggests improvement solutions for modernization of public services in implementing e. health system in public institutions "Tauragė Hospital"and "Šilalė Hospital". To achieve the aim of the research, the following tasks were formulated: 1) to review literature on public services modernization in the context of different approaches; 2) to analyse theoretical bases of e. health services development; 3) to identify problems of e. health system development in Lithuania; 4) to investigate views and experiences of physicians and patients on the public services modernization in public institutions "Tauragė Hospital"and "Šilalė Hospital". These research methods were employed: scientific literature review, document analysis descriptive and comparative, analysis of qualitative and quantitative data. The research results showed that physicians and patients in public institutions "Tauragė Hospital"and "Šilalė Hospital" uses a variety of tools within e. health system. The advantages of e. health system for physicians are identified: speed, convenient access to databases that store previous health events and past medical treatments. The main disadvantages are apparent in the investigated health facilities are: lack of unified e. health system, physicians are using different information systems, not all records are accessible, medical institutions are not fully integrated into the system, the IT system does not work smoothly, it is difficult to navigate. Patients usually face the following problems: too little information about use of e. health system is provided, the patients struggle with computer literacy problems, which are determined by socio-demographic characteristics. To solve the problems, physicians in public institutions should be encouraged to disseminate the information about health services, share leaflets or brochures with patient containing details of the e. health system, its benefits and opportunities for patients. Patients in public institutions are suggested to increase their computer literacy, enabling quick and easy use of e. health services. The thesis consists of an introduction, four parts, conclusions and recommendations. In the first part of the work the problems of public services modernization are analysed. In the second part of the work theoretical base of e. health services development presented, including the e. health concept, advantages and disadvantages of e. health services, opportunities and threats of modernization. In the third part of the work research methodology for e. health services modernization analysis is described. The fourth part examines attitudes of physicians and patients about the modernization of public services in public institutions "Tauragė Hospital"and "Šilalė Hospital". The work ends with conclusions and recommendations. The project includes 12 tables, 19 illustrations, 2 annexes. 48 sources of scientific literature were used as well as 6 pieces of legislation and sources of data

Public services in the health sector are – one of the main activities to ensure the municipal functions. One way to modernize public services is through information and communication technologies. Expanding information and communication technologies provide opportunities for health sector efficiency. Lithuania has developed a legal framework for e. health system, introduced e. health concept, regulated e. health system functions, approved and established requirements for information systems implementation in healthcare institutions, implemented state and regional investment projects, and is pursuing other developments in health information system. Health care institutions faces failures in e. health project implementation: poor job planning, staff resistance to innovation, medical personnel's lack of computer literacy. The problem of the research: what measures of public services modernization, for developing e. health system, help to ensure the effective health policy development in public institutions "Tauragė Hospital"and "Šilalė Hospital"? Based on the scientific literature analysis and empirical research the Master's thesis suggests improvement solutions for modernization of public services in implementing e. health system in public institutions "Tauragė Hospital"and "Šilalė Hospital". To achieve the aim of the research, the following tasks were formulated: 1) to review literature on public services modernization in the context of different approaches; 2) to analyse theoretical bases of e. health services development; 3) to identify problems of e. health system development in Lithuania; 4) to investigate views and experiences of physicians and patients on the public services modernization in public institutions "Tauragė Hospital"and "Šilalė Hospital". These research methods were employed: scientific literature review, document analysis descriptive and comparative, analysis of qualitative and quantitative data. The research results showed that physicians and patients in public institutions "Tauragė Hospital"and "Šilalė Hospital" uses a variety of tools within e. health system. The advantages of e. health system for physicians are identified: speed, convenient access to databases that store previous health events and past medical treatments. The main disadvantages are apparent in the investigated health facilities are: lack of unified e. health system, physicians are using different information systems, not all records are accessible, medical institutions are not fully integrated into the system, the IT system does not work smoothly, it is difficult to navigate. Patients usually face the following problems: too little information about use of e. health system is provided, the patients struggle with computer literacy problems, which are determined by socio-demographic characteristics. To solve the problems, physicians in public institutions should be encouraged to disseminate the information about health services, share leaflets or brochures with patient containing details of the e. health system, its benefits and opportunities for patients. Patients in public institutions are suggested to increase their computer literacy, enabling quick and easy use of e. health services. The thesis consists of an introduction, four parts, conclusions and recommendations. In the first part of the work the problems of public services modernization are analysed. In the second part of the work theoretical base of e. health services development presented, including the e. health concept, advantages and disadvantages of e. health services, opportunities and threats of modernization. In the third part of the work research methodology for e. health services modernization analysis is described. The fourth part examines attitudes of physicians and patients about the modernization of public services in public institutions "Tauragė Hospital"and "Šilalė Hospital". The work ends with conclusions and recommendations. The project includes 12 tables, 19 illustrations, 2 annexes. 48 sources of scientific literature were used as well as 6 pieces of legislation and sources of data