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This study aimed to define the degree of application of educational administrative accountability by the principals of special education centers and its relationship to some variables from the teachers' perspective in Amman. The descriptive-analytical approach was adopted. The study sample consisted of (85) male and female teachers, who were chosen randomly. A measure of administrative accountability in educational systems was developed consisting of four areas namely, students, teachers, goals, innovation, and creativity. Findings revealed that the degree of application of educational administrative accountability by the principals of special education centers came to a medium degree and in all its fields, and there were no differences in the degree of application of educational administrative accountability by the principal of special education centers attributed to the variables of gender and educational level.

Received: 23 September 2021 / Accepted: 15 November 2021 / Published: 3 January 2022

The study aimed to measure the level of reading comprehension skills of students with learning difficulties in the Kasbah of As-Salt, and the study used the descriptive method on a sample of (54) male and female students chosen randomly. The reading comprehension scale was developed and prepared by Al-Mahalla and Al-Ramamneh (2019), and the results indicated that the level of reading comprehension was at an intermediate level and in all its three dimensions (literal, deductive, and creative). And the existence of statistically significant differences in the level of reading comprehension due to the variable of gender in favor of males, and there are also statistically significant differences in the level of overall reading comprehension due to the variable of the educational level of parents and in favor of holders of a bachelor's degree.

Received: 23 September 2021 / Accepted: 1 December 2021 / Published: 3 January 2022

Older persons face an array of challenges with regard to parenting a delinquent grandchild. The study adopted a qualitative approach with the use of an explorative and descriptive design, with data collected from in-depth interviews with grandparents, communities and probation officers. The study also adopted phenomenology as the specific research approach. Findings revealed that grandparents parenting their grandchildren face the pernicious experiences of grandchildren's delinquency; financial challenges and poverty; and deterioration of their health and social life. This paper recommends that the government prioritise the grandparents' vulnerability to address the delinquency of their grandchildren and ensure that they are freed from such a pernicious preoccupation. Policies should be developed to ensure that grandparents above the age of 60 years should not assume full custody of children, as they are also a vulnerable population. Keywords: aging, child welfare system, delinquency, entropic disorder, moral decadence

This study aims to find out and describe comprehensively the implementation and achievement of the objectives of the National Police NCO formation program during the Covid-19 pandemic condition which was carried out at the Women's Police School Lemdiklat Polri T.A. 2020/2021 by looking at the quality of education implementation based on 8 (eight) education standards. The method used is descriptive qualitative and the approach used in this research is evaluation, with the Discrepancy evaluation model developed by Provus. Data collection techniques used observation, interviews, surveys, and documents. As for the results in this study, it is estimated that the effectiveness (success) of parenting is 58.44%. So that the pattern of parenting and guidance still has to be improved, in terms of the methodology of parenting/guidance and competence of caregivers/supervisors, accompanied by the existence of a regular team of motivators.

Incivility in social media has become a major concern of the public, who perceive uncivil online interactions to be both widespread and increasing. This study provides a descriptive account of incivility dynamics over the past 11 years by examining the trends of incivility in three main categories of social media interactions: political, mixed, and non-political. Using longitudinal data from Reddit that accounts for 95% of the entire Reddit universe across 11 years and relying on the combination of supervised machine learning models and traditional statistical inference, the study found that incivility consistently represents around 10% of total Reddit comments. Additionally, political groups tend to be more uncivil, and discussions in mixed groups that are not overtly political but nevertheless discuss politics are less uncivil than in political groups. We also found that the fluctuations of incivility correspond to offline events and platform-specific policies.

AbstractThe use of negative visual imagery of the poor to conjure feelings of pity, guilt, and empathy (also called "poverty porn") is premised on an emotional mechanism that is supposed to elicit compassion and giving behavior, and yet the very emotional nature of the response to this kind of negative imagery can have the exact opposite effect by evoking compassion fatigue and psychological numbing. Our study interrogates this puzzle. Leveraging original data from survey experiments, we show that exposure to negative and personalized images of aid recipients in despair actually increases support for foreign development aid. In contrast, descriptive statistical information about global poverty moves people very little, or not at all. Our findings have implications for understanding the role imagery plays in shaping public opinion on foreign aid and for development communication. This study builds a bridge between research on foreign aid and humanitarian communication.

To gain international recognition, many universities in Indonesia offer international student exchange programs, one of which is the credit transfer program. Participants in that program have differences in communicative competence. That holds for Indonesian students studying abroad and vice versa. This study analyzes the intercultural communication skills of international students and aims to acquire comprehensive information on intercultural competencies based on the students' intercultural sensitivity, awareness and adroitness. A descriptive qualitative study was conducted among international students at one university in Indonesia, involving six French students from the student exchange program who studied for one semester. The data was obtained via focused group discussion and interviews. Chen and Starosta's intercultural competence model was used as an analytical tool. The findings indicate that the students have proper intercultural communication competence, which helps them in implementing their communication strategies, adjusting to and thriving in a new cultural and academic environment.

This study investigated to examine the relationship between information asymmetry and government ownership to dividend policy. Information asymmetry is measured using bid-ask spreads, while government ownership is measured using the number of government shares divided by the number of outstanding shares multiplied by 100 %. This study uses purposive sampling with a total sample of 9 sub-companies construction and building listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (ISE) in 2016-2019. The data used is quantitative data and data sources were taken from the company's annual financial statements. Descriptive statistics and panel data regression are used as data analysis tools. The results showed that information asymmetry has a positive and significant effect on dividend policy, government ownership does not have a significant negative effect on dividend policy, and the interaction of information asymmetry and government ownership moderates the dividend policy.

The aim of this article is to examine the ways through which the immigrant Pashto speech community constructs their bilingual identity in the multicultural settings of Lahore. The participants for the research were selected through purposive sampling technique. The data of the study was collected via interviews from 10 adults of Pashto speech community, who have been living in Lahore for more than five years. The study is based on the philosophy of Spolsky's (2004) Language Policy Framework, which considers language practices, beliefs and management as different ways of constructing identities. The nature of the data is descriptive and qualitative, and thematic analysis was used while the data coding was performed through Atlas.ti software. The findings revealed that the Pashto speakers use their first language (Pashto) in their home environment to maintain their language, identity and culture while using Urdu and English outside their home domain at their workplaces.

This article aims to move knowledge beyond the first response, by outlining a framework for interpreting and evaluating the experiences of carers regarding their involvement in R&D work. The study adopted a descriptive and explorative qualitative design. The inclusion criterion to enroll in the study was being a career and having participated in an FGI in the ICS consultation phase. The sample of twelve participants ranged in age from 35 to 77 years (mean value 60 years). Data collection consisted of individual interviews, via the "Zoom" videoconference system, telephone or face-to-face, depending on the preferences of the participants. Face-to-face interviews were conducted at the university or a café. The result is participants emphasized the significance of lived experience and practical knowledge. There is a limited amount of systematic research carried out that also actively takes into account possible negative experiences, barriers, and issues.

Technical Vocational Education and Training Program, also known as TVET, is broadly recognized as one of the most prominent disciplines in the education system. Technical education, as included in Pakistan's national education policy, is concerned with the quality technological human capital leading to a national pool of skilled and self-reliant artisans, technicians and technologists in the fields of vocational and technical education. The descriptive research design was used, and a total of 625 students and 137 TVET institutes of Balochistan participated in the study. The instrument for data collection was an adopted, and amended questionnaire based on study constructs, and data were collected by the researchers. Opportunities lie in the emerging demand for skills in CPEC projects, global markets of Europe, the Middle East and neighboring Gulf states for conventional work and profits, national skills requirements, human capital optimization through workforce skills development, provincial incorporation of skills in major projects.

Multimedia equipment is part of ICT facilities. The study aims to find out the impact of multimedia on the academic performance of the students at secondary level of Peshawar District. The main objectives of the study were (i) to find out Impact of multimedia on the academic performance of the students at secondary level. (ii) to assess the application of multimedia during the class and their impact on the student academic performance. The research was descriptive in nature. All the Secondary School of Peshawar district were population. The research sample included 20 public schools from the Peshawar District, 20 heads, 40 teachers and 40 secondary school students in the Peshawar District. The questionnaire was used as a research instrument. It was concluded that, given the lack of multimedia at school, it is recommended that the government provide multimedia services to the school.

Empowering individuals through e-health can be considered as the current trend in developing healthcare services and devices. The aim of this article is to shed light on availability, benefits, and limitations of using these services and devices in people's everyday life. This study is a descriptive review based on a non-exhaustive selection of previous studies that define information exchange, information formats, opportunities, and restrictions of e-health technologies. The main focus of this study is on presenting available e-health services and devices while describing their benefits and limitations. This approach has the potential to provide new insights into the future development and integration of e-health into the healthcare system of a country. The idea behind this review is to provide a better understanding of e-health services for authorities, healthcare professionals, individuals, and related beneficiaries.

The purpose of this study is to analyze in detail the profile of business activities and the amount of profits achieved each month by a micro culinary business and also to find out the feasibility of micro-culinary restaurant business. The data analysis is based on descriptive analysis, operating profit analysis, and for feasibility return of cost ratio analysis is used. Primary data was collected from the owner of the business by adopting interview technique. The results of this study indicate that overall the Noodle culinary shop business has a profit of IDR 25,359,823 every month, with an R / C cost ratio of 1.83. This indicates the feasibility of micro culinary business. The results further indicate that the culinary business is profitable and can be concluded that the culinary business can be a prospective business venture for new entrepreneurs starting their own restaurant business.

The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of graduates (nurses) of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in nursing education. It also described participants' recommendations for supportive practices in pursuit of PhD. A descriptive phenomenological research design was used in the study. Data were gathered from 12 participants who graduated from universities offering the program. It was collected through individual, semi-structured interview with the main question "Tell me your experiences in pursuing PhD in nursing education?" It utilized phenomenological analysis method of Van Kaam (1966). Results revealed major themes which included: (1) Career jumpstart: unplanned opportunities; (2) Sharpening the Saw: Tales of the Learners; and, (3) Behind the Curtain: The unfolding of a new beginning, and minor themes of the 2nd, specifically: (a) Forming and Molding: The Learning cycle; (b) Role juggling: Harmonizing responsibilities; and, (c) The Silver Lining: Visible and ulterior push factors.