Suchergebnisse

0\. Titel, Inhalt, Einleitung 1 1\. Jugend - Sozialisation - Medien 6 1.1. Begriffe und Gestalten von Jugend 6 1.2. Sozialisation im Jugendalter 42 1.3. Medien als bedeutende Sozialisationsinstanz Jugendlicher 51 1.4. Fazit zur Ausgangslage 62 2\. Jugend und Fernsehinformation 63 2.1. Verständnis von Fernsehinformation 63 2.2. Informationsangebot des Fernsehens 73 2.3. Informationsnutzung Jugendlicher 82 2.4. Fazit zu Forschungsstand und Forschungsdefiziten 92 3\. Zur explorativ-deskriptiven Studie 94 3.1. Zielsetzung und Fragestellungen 95 3.2. Untersuchungsgegenstand 97 3.3. Methodisches Vorgehen 103 4\. Zu den Untersuchungsergebnissen 107 4.1. Lebens-, Interessen- und Fernsehnutzungskontexte 107 4.2. Nutzung informativer Fernsehangebote 122 4.3. Motive der Nutzung informativer Fernsehangebote 173 4.4. Bewertung informativer Fernsehangebote 181 4.5. Informative Fernsehangebote im Urteil ihrer Nutzer 203 4.6. Inhaltliche Erwartung an Fernsehinformation 223 4.7. Zusammenhang der Zugänge zu Fernsehinformation 235 5\. Zusammenfassung 236 6\. Fazit und Ausblick 250 7\. Literatur 255 8\. Anhang 279 ; Bei den Orientierungs- und Suchprozessen im Jugendalter kommt dem Fernsehen, dem Leitmedium der Jugendlichen, eine besondere Bedeutung zu: Es ist zu Zeiten, in denen das Wissen der Menschen von der Welt und der Gesellschaft medial vermitteltes Wissen ist, die wichtigste mediale Informationsquelle und Orientierungshilfe Heranwachsender. An diesem Punkt setzt die vorliegende Arbeit an. Sie rückt den Gegenstand "Jugend und Fernsehinformation" in den Mittelpunkt des Interesses. Ausgehend von einer Betrachtung der Phänomene "Jugend- und Fernsehinformation" auf der Grundlage sozial-, erziehungs- und medienwissenschaftlicher Forschung wird im Hauptteil der Arbeit ein empirischer Zugang zum Gegenstand vorgenommen. Datenbasis ist eine mündliche Face-to-face-Befragung von 210 Jugendlichen im Alter zwischen 12 und 17 Jahren, die im Rahmen eines größeren Forschungsprojektes zum Spannungsfeld "Jugend - Politik - Fernsehen" in ...

The aim of this study was to document the incidence, sources, and effects of workplace physical violence against Ghanaian nurses. Self-report questionnaires were completed by 592 nurses employed in public general hospitals in Ghana. Participants were selected using a combination of purposive and random sampling techniques. Nine percent of the participants experienced physical violence in the 12 months preceding the study. The majority of perpetrators were relatives of patients. Chi-square tests suggested significant relationships between type of hospital and workplace physical violence, and between intention to quit the nursing profession and workplace physical violence. Workplace violence had several negative effects on nurses including having disturbing memories about the incident and being "super alert" and vigilant. Strategies to curb workplace violence could include awareness creation among health care workers and the general public. Policies and legislations must also be put in place to address this social problem.

The unemployment problem is triggered by the imbalance of job opportunities and the number of job seekers, especially in rural areas. Besides, restrictions on working women based on customs and norms in the village make it difficult for women to find work. The view that women should focus on domestic and family matters. It limits women to work to help improve the family economy. Thus, empowerment for women through community empowerment group is needed to be able to carry out economic activities without having to leave their duties as a housewife. The theoretical framework of this study is the theory of liberal feminism gender based on women's freedom and equality. This study uses a qualitative method and purposive sampling. Data collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of this study are that empowering women can do business on a micro-scale to help increase family income; Also, this research explains about equality between women and men, and forms of women's participation, democracy, transparency, and accountability in women's empowerment programs. Keywords: Self-help groups, Gender equality, government programs Referensi: Idrus, Muhammad. 2009. Metode Penelitian Ilmu Sosial. Cetakan Kedua. Jakarta: Erlangga Irwan, P. 2006. Penelitian Kualitatif dan kuantitatif untuk ilmu-ilmu sosial. Depok: FISIP UI PRES Jamaluddin, Dr. Adon Nasrullah. 2015. Sosiologi Perkotaan. Surakarta : Pustaka Setia Materi Pelatihan Tim Vrifikasi PNPM-MP Keamatan Jangkar Tahun 2010 Moleong, Lexy. 2008. Metode penelitian kualitatif. Bandung: Remaja Rosdakarya Nazir. 1988. Metode Penelitian. Jakarta: Galia Indonesia Profil Desa Pesanggrahan Tahun 2018 Satori Djam'an, Komariah Aan. 2012. Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. Bandung :Alfabeta Sugihastuti, Saptiawan Itsna Hadi. 2007. Gender & Inferioritas Perempuan. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar Sugiyono. 2005. Metode Penelitian Kualitatif. Bandung : Alfabeta

As a leader, the principal must have several competencies. Social competence is one of the competencies that must be possessed by the principal as a leader in the school. This is directly related to the way the principal communicates with all school residents. If the school principal has sensitivity towards all school members, there will be no obstacles, so the aims and objectives of the school will be more easily achieved. Therefore, researchers are interested in conducting research on how the principal's social sensitivity to citizens or community groups in schools. The purpose of this study is to describe the principal's social sensitivity towards other people or groups. By knowing this, principals can consider better behavior patterns. The results of the study revealed that social competence in terms of social sensitivity to other people or other groups, the principal of SMA Negeri (State High School) 11 Rejang Lebong was able to play a role as a decision maker, especially in overcoming various problems that occur at school, creative and able to offer solutions, involving religious leaders, the community, and government in resolving various problems, being objective or not taking sides in resolving internal conflicts, being sympathetic or considerate and empathizing with others. Researchers provide advice to school principals to continue the efforts on social sensitivity to other people or other groups, especially in high school 11 Rejang Lebong.

Linguistik adalah studi ilmiah tentang bahasa. Ini melibatkan analisis bentuk bahasa, makna bahasa, dan bahasa dalam konteks, serta analisis faktor-faktor sosial, budaya, sejarah, dan politik yang mempengaruhi bahasa. Metode penelitian adalah cara untuk memecahkan masalah penelitian secara sistematis. Ini dapat dipahami sebagai ilmu yang mempelajari bagaimana penelitian dilakukan secara ilmiah. Berdasarkan tabel 1 di atas, penulis menemukan bahwa ada lima kata sebagai contoh reduplikasi penuh kata benda yang digunakan dalam bahasa Uab Meto. Reduplikasi penuh dari nomina digabungkan dengan infinitive noun dan mereduplikasi penuh dari noun yang sama. Kata yang digandakan memiliki arti yang berbeda. Ada tiga jenis reduplikasi dalam bahasa Uab Meto, yaitu reduplikasi penuh terdiri dari reduplikasi penuh kata benda, reduplikasi penuh kata kerja, reduplikasi penuh kata sifat, reduplikasi penuh kata keterangan.

A descriptive study on the university library service in some government university libraries in Indonesia

A descriptive study on the university library service in some government university libraries in Indonesia

BACKGROUND: Health system support is crucial for quality child healthcare. Therefore, this baseline survey, which is part of the community-based management study of severe pneumonia, was conducted to assess the state of health system support of IMNCI and iCCM, and health workers' knowledge in managing childhood pneumonia at health facilities. METHODS: A survey was conducted in 99 government health institutions in South Ethiopia from 07 to 14 January, 2018. A questionnaire for health system support and case scenario for the management of severe pneumonia was adapted from the WHO health facility survey tool. The questionnaire's interview, facility observation, case scenario and retrospective record review were all used as data collection methods. Indicators of health system support in the context of an integrated management of childhood illness were used. Proportions for categorical variables and means for continuous variables were also computed for each indicator. Mean score was analysed for assessing the knowledge of health workers in managing the case scenario. RESULTS: In the study area, only 12 (34%) of health centres and 18 (29%) of health posts received supervision, which included the observation of case management. The mean number of essential oral antibiotics for the home treatment of pneumonia available at the facility was 1.1 (95% CI 0.9 to 1.3), whereas the mean number of pre-referral drugs for the treatment of severe pneumonia was 1.3 (95% CI 1.0 to 1.6). Approximately 47 (48%; 95% CI 37.7 to 57.3) of the surveyed health facilities had materials and equipment to support vaccination services, and 71 (72%; 95% CI 62.8 to 80.6) of them had the vaccines on the day of the survey. Only four (4%; 95% CI 0.3 to 8.3) of the health facilities had all the essential job aids and supplies for providing services for pneumonia. The providers' mean knowledge score for the management of severe childhood pneumonia was 14.9 out of 22 correct answers. CONCLUSION: There is a room to improve the health system support to integrated management of neonatal and childhood illness through supply chain management and knowledge of health workers in the management of severe pneumonia by providing training.

Purpose: Department of Defense policy prohibits, with limited exceptions, transgender individuals from serving in their affirmed gender in the U.S. Military, citing potential impact on unit cohesion and military readiness. To date, however, little is known about the sociodemographic profile and health of transgender military personnel. Methods: U.S. Military personnel who self-identified as transgender completed anonymous online measures of demographics and military service. Participants also completed measures of health, mood, eating pathology, and risk behaviors. Results: One hundred ninety-five service members (mean age: 28.9±7.2 years, 48.7% transmale, 70.3% non-Hispanic White, 7.83±5.9 years in service) completed the survey. The majority of respondents first identified as transgender before military accession. Most had disclosed their gender identity to their command and providers, and had undertaken steps toward gender affirmation. The sample as a whole reported above average physical health, with mood symptoms within normal ranges and few reported risk behaviors. Analyses of covariance indicated that transmales reported significantly better mental health and psychosocial functioning compared with transfemales. Conclusion: In light of current policy that precludes, with limited exceptions, transgender individuals from serving in the U.S. Military in their affirmed gender, the current study provides an initial sociodemographic profile of this understudied population and indicates that transgender service members report above average physical health and few risk behaviors. Preliminary analyses indicated that transfemales in the military may be at higher risk for mental health concerns, compared with transmales. Additional research is needed to elucidate risk and protective factors among transgender service members.

Introduction China has an estimated 5 million people with tuberculosis (TB). Official policy is that treatment of all patients is directly observed by health workers; completion rates are reported to be in excess of 90, and drugs should be supplied for free. However, some research suggests there is a gap between the official policies and practice. Methods Survey of TB patients in four counties of one municipality; record assessment at one TB centre; patient and village doctor in-depth interviews. Results Sixteen per cent (64/401) reported being directly observed every time they took treatment; less than 5 of TB patients (17/401) were observed by health staff. Overall, 12.5 (50/401) reported they had not taken any TB drugs in the previous week, but this varied between the four counties (range 6.2 to 21.7). We used survival analysis with medical records at one centre: 74.1 of new patients collected their drugs for their sixth month of treatment, and 50.3 attended the final visit at 6 months. Qualitative research indicated direct observation is neither well understood nor thought to be necessary, and that patients reported being charged expensive fees for ancillary treatments, such as liver protection drugs. Conclusion In China, direct observation is not well implemented and may not be a feasible policy option. Official completion rates are higher than we found in this study. The concept of free treatment has become blurred, with charges for additional tests and drugs, especially liver protection drugs. The government is already actively tackling these issues, and involvement of managers and others in this process will be helpful.

The preparation of the Shopping Expenditure Analysis (ASB) aims to serve as a guideline for the North Mamuju Local Government in drafting the Work Plan and Regional Work Unit Budget (RKA - SKPD) documents and establishing specific regional revenue and expenditure budgets for Assistance and Technical Training activities. This ASB model can be used SKPD in calculating the total ideal budget for each type of activity as well as its distribution into each shopping item. In formulating our ASB models based on the Budget Implementation Document (DPA) data of all SKPD within the Government of North Mamuju Regency. The DPA data used as the basis covers the previous budget DPA. This is with consideration that the budget contained in the DPA has been run by each SKPD. The ASB models obtained are the result of equalizing the activities that appear in the DPA document. So it can be effectively used in determining budgets for pre-existing or uniform types of activities. The emergence of new types of activities, or those that can not be synchronized with existing models, requires that changes in this ASB document be made.

Abstract Background Knowledge about patterns of participation can be used to highlight groups of children and adolescents with low attendance, or low involvement in activities and who may therefore be at risk of mental or physical health concerns. This study used the Children's Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment (CAPE) and the Preferences for Activity of Children (PAC) to describe the patterns of participation of children and adolescents in activities outside mandated school in Victoria, Australia. Methods A cross-sectional survey of Victorian children and adolescents was conducted. Eligible participants were aged 6 to 18 years, enrolled in mainstream schools, with sufficient English language skills to complete the questionnaires. Parents of participants completed a demographic questionnaire. Sample representativeness was assessed against Victorian population statistics for gender, school type, language spoken at home and socio-economic status. Data for the CAPE and PAC were summarised using descriptive statistics. Patterns of activity diversity by age were assessed using curve estimation, with additional analyses to describe differences between genders. Results Of 9337 potential participants targeted through school advertising, 512 agreed (5.5 % consent rate), and 422 questionnaires were returned (82.4 % response rate). The sample was representative in terms of gender and language. Compared to the Victorian population, a slightly higher proportion of participants attended Government and Catholic schools and there was evidence of marginally greater socioeconomic resources than the population average. A broad range of recreational, active physical, social, skill-based and self-improvement activities were completed by all age groups. There was a reduction in the number and enjoyment of recreational activities with increasing age. In contrast, there was relative stability in intensity, frequency and preference scores across the age-groups for all activity types. Female participants typically took part in more activities (higher diversity scores), more intensely, with higher enjoyment and had higher preferences for each activity type than males, with the exception of active physical activities. Conclusions This study provides evidence of the participation patterns of typically developing children and adolescents in activities outside school. The findings have implications for researchers, clinicians and educators for comparative purposes and to inform future research.

17 USC 105 interim-entered record; under review. ; In 2016, the U.S. Federal government procured goods and services totaling $460 billion, or over two percent of America's gross domestic product. Innovation is a key goal of Federal procurements, but the extent to which the acquisition process cultivates private-sector innovation is unclear. To shed light on this relationship, we explore private-sector innovation over an eight- year period and find that firms increase research and development commeasurate with government contracts. We develop a measure that ranks firms on the intensity of public-sector versus private-sector innovation. Tests deploying this tool show that firms with the most (least) research and development on government (relative to private) contracts produce innovative goods such as missiles (security guards). Taken together, our results suggest that Federal acquisitions appear to motivate innovation at levels that are appropriate to the nature of requisitioned goods or services. These results should be of interest to practitioners and acquisition personnel who serve a common goal of efficiently deploying a finite pool of taxpayer-generated revenues to the most productive use. ; Judith Hermis thanks the Naval Postgraduate School for financial assistance through the Research Initiation Program.

Abstract Background For centuries, sunlight has been used for therapeutic purposes. Parents still sun their infants to treat neonatal jaundice, nappy rash or mostly to supply vitamin D for bone development as a consequence of health beliefs. In this study we aimed to assess knowledge and behaviour of parents about benefits of sunlight and sun protection. Methods In this study, parents attending to governmental primary healthcare units for their children's routine vaccinations, upon their informed consent, were consecutively enrolled during one month. Data were collected by a semi-structured questionnaire. Results The mean age of 118 enrolled parents and their babies were 27.9 ± 6.5 years and 8.3 ± 5.8 months, respectively. Most of the participants were mothers (93.2%), housewives (81.4%) with an educational level of ≥6 years (71.2%). Sunlight was considered beneficial for bone development (86.4%), diaper rash (5.9%) and neonatal jaundice (12.7%). In case of neonatal jaundice 72.0% of the participants reported that they would consult a physician. Most of the participants (82.2%) were sunning their babies outdoors. Nearly half (49.7%) of them got this information from medical staff. Fifty two percent of the parents were sunning their babies before 10–11 a.m. and/or after 3 p.m. Only 13.6% of parents reported using sunscreen for their babies, and the majority of them were using sun protecting factor ≥ 15. One forth of the sunscreen users was using sunscreen according to their physicians' advice. Conclusion Most of the participants were aware of the benefits of sunlight; especially for bone development. However they were displaying inappropriate behaviour while sunning their babies for health reasons. More education should be given to parents about the danger of sunlight at primary health care units while advising to sun their babies, if any.

The role of rice price policy in Indonesia to stimulate rice productivity growth is facing some difficulties. These will give significant affect on the stability rice value chains. The increasing of rice price in the market is suspected by external factors such as weather, the decreased of rice supplies and so on. Practically, the increasing rice price is lower than the cost of rice planting. The issues which be discussed in this study concerns the factors influencing rice price fluctuation in domestik market. The price dynamics all related actors were analysed based on actors behavior on rice value chain using context mechanism output. This study contributes to the better understanding of price fluctuations more sensible that is the interelation between conceptual theory with existing market conditions. The descriptive study is employed to figure out the rice price fluctuations within the rice value chains as described in Figure 3.1. indicates two components, namely decision making and social interactions among actors. In this stage, observations and interviews are conducted in order to get better understanding and to investigate with emphasizing on factors affecting price fluctuations and social interactions on rice value chains (behavioral of rice price transformation along value chain).The rice marketing system along value chain has been done imperfectly due to (1) climate change ; (2) lack of capital (at farmers positition) ;(3) information assymetry of rice price value chain (less transparency of market prices and costs provides an adequate market signals to middleman to take part on rice price; decision of selling and buying handled by middleman; price reflects cost of seller ) ;(4) rice import and (4) inability of government to give sanctions to someone who violate (such as illegal rice import found in market, rice price fluctuations). But, the long working relationship/social relationship found among actors related such as trust, norm and role. These is Increasing scale of marketing efficiency of rice production facilities and processing works by having colaboration among actors such as rice field owner, saprodi shop, peasant labour, miller and middleman (trasher, retailer and wholesaler). Moreover, the growth of private label in rice retail and strong customer segmentation in retail market between rice premium and mid-range impose the rice competition among middleman (traders).Further, work on value chain analysis allows structuration theory to be more critically examined in this context and the potential connections with other theoretical frameworks to be explored for the next research plan.