Suchergebnisse

An analysis of the relations among the government departments traditionally responsible for American foreign policy at the dawn of the Cold War during President Harry Truman's mandate, enables us to draw tentative conclusions regarding the policies & activities of the administration of today's President George W. Bush II. Bush's administration is expected to come up with an urgent definition of the new direction of US foreign policy, & provide the corresponding means & resources required for its implementation in this era of globalization, post-militarism, & the singular role that US plays in world affairs. Using as his starting point the assumption that without an awareness of the significance of a transformation of state power (the transformation carried out by the Truman administration), it is not possible to arrive at a comprehensive understanding of the direction & the speed of the changes the Bush administration is to initiate in the foreign policy arena. The author first reviews the genesis of the goals of the US foreign policy during Truman's presidency, then looks into the manner & the forms of identification of foreign policy objectives &, finally, deals with the strategies mapped out for the realization of the identified foreign policy goals. By reviewing this important period in the history of US foreign policy, the author outlines all the major issues confronting the designers of today's American foreign policy & thus provides some cumulative & comparative insights. Adapted from the source document.

The article analyses the architectural and conceptual aspects of the children's sea resort Villa Italia on Costabella, the coastal stretch between Rijeka and Opatija, and the mountain resort IX. Maggio on Mount Učka, two representative examples of public health institutions established in the interwar period in the Kvarner Region, which was then part of the Kingdom of Italy. Apart from the sea and the mountains, such resorts were built near rivers and lakes or in urban centres. There were daily, temporary, and permanent ones, and each had its own peculiarities. Their programmes and activities were under the jurisdiction of the ruling fascist regime in cooperation with state and local administrative bodies. The designers of the sea resort Villa Italia and the mountain resort IX. Maggio, despite strong political and ideological pressure, made a significant contribution in creating new architectural values, achieving a high level of modernity in the field of interwar public health construction, both locally and nationally. ; U članku se arhitektonski i sadržajno analiziraju kompleks dječje morske kolonije Villa Italia na Costabelli, obalnom potezu između Rijeke i Opatije, i planinska kolonija IX. Maggio na Učki, reprezentativni primjeri javnozdravstvenih ustanova realiziranih u razdoblju međuraća na području Kvarnerske provincije koja je tada u sastavu Kraljevine Italije. Osim uz more i na planinama, kolonije su se mogle nalaziti i uz rijeke i jezera te u urbaniziranim središtima. Postojale su dnevne, privremene i stalne kolonije, a svaka je imala svoje osobitosti. Njihov program i djelovanje bili su pod ingerencijom vladajućeg fašističkog režima u suradnji s državnim i lokalnim administrativnim tijelima. Projektanti morske kolonije Villa Italia i planinske kolonije IX. Maggio, unatoč snažnom političkom i ideološkom pritisku, u stvaranju novih arhitektonskih vrijednosti dali su vlastiti doprinos, postigavši visoku razinu moderniteta na području međuratne javnozdravstvene izgradnje u lokalnom i nacionalnom okviru.

Odlukom Ujedinjenog Kraljevstva da napusti Europsku uniju, kao i usporavanjem procesa proširenja Europske unije na zemlje Zapadnog Balkana i Tursku, pojavila se nova fraza u europskom političkom rječniku: Europa izvan Europske unije. Ta fraza, koju promoviraju tvorci britanske vanjske politike, vraća na dnevni red raspravu o europskom identitetu. U ovom članku analiziraju se kompleksni i različiti odgovori na pitanja kao što su tko je, što je, kad je i gdje je Europa, gdje je njezina granica i tko su Drugi u odnosu na nju. Pitanju identiteta Europe pristupa se iz konstruktivističke perspektive, kroz analizu definiranja Sebstva i Drugosti. Iako je Europa nakon Hladnog rata proklamirala kao svoj cilj ujedinjenje i emancipaciju od Drugih, ona je ostala vezana uz Sjedinjene Američke Države kroz koncept euroatlantizma, a u nekim aspektima i uz Rusiju kroz ideju o Euroaziji. U suvremenim okolnostima Europska je unija sve udaljenija od ideala o jednoj i ujedinjenoj Europi. Umjesto toga, ona više liči na lȕk, sa svojim jezgrom, unutarnjom i izvanjskoj periferijom, kao i s vanjskim akterima koji su polupovezani s Europom zbog povijesnih i strateških razloga. Zbog toga se postavlja pitanje je li Europu uopće moguće definirati kao cjelinu u odnosu na njezine susjede i na druge zainteresirane aktere (Rusiju, SAD i Tursku) ili je njezin identitet određen upravo nemogućnošću takvoga jednoznačnog definiranja. ; Following the decision of the United Kingdom to leave the European Union and in the light of the slowing down of the EU enlargement in the Western Balkans and Turkey, a new phrase emerged in the European political vocabulary – Europe outside the European Union. This phrase, promoted by British foreign policy designers, brings the issue of the European identity back on the agenda. Who, what, when and where is Europe, and who are the Others in relation to Europe? In this article, we analyse the complex and mutually divergent replies to the question of the European identity by using a constructivist approach, based on the definitions of the European Self and Other. Despite proclaiming an ambition to unite and emancipate itself from the Others, Europe remained connected to the United States after the Cold War through the concept of Euro Atlanticism. The competing concept of Eurasia – marking a link between Europe and Russia – is also becoming popular in the areas of European inner and external peripheries. Contemporary Europe is far from being "united in diversities" – it looks more like an onion instead with its core countries, internal and external peripheries and influential external stakeholders that are semi-detached to it for historical and strategic reasons. The author therefore puts forward a question of whether it is at all possible to define Europe as the Other to its neighbours and other external stakeholders such as Russia, the US and Turkey. Would it not be more appropriate to define Europe through a permanent notion of being in-between its own Others, rather than through its own clearly marked and defined Self?