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The concern with the impact of industrial property legislation and practices on the developing countries, at both the national and international levels, has so far been confined almost entirely to patents and patent-related transactions. This focus on the protection of knowledge concerning production processes reflects, on the one hand, a preoccupation with the terms and conditions which owners of technology may be able to obtain for its sale or lease, when their proprietary position is reinforced by legal instruments; and on the other hand, a recognition that unless the developing countries can themselves control the generation of a significant proportion of the technology they employ, it is unlikely either that appropriate technology will be produced, or that good use will be made of what is already available and relevant.

Cover -- Half-Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- Address to the Conference -- List of Participants -- Introduction -- Part One: Interrelations Between Agricultural and National Growth -- 1 Models of Economic growth and Land-Augmenting Technological Change in Foodgrain Production -- Discussion -- 2 Interrelations between Agricultural and Industrial Growth -- Discussion -- 3 The Integration of Agriculture into an Overall Development Policy -- Discussion -- 4 Agriculture and Economic Growth: Some Comments -- Discussion -- Part Two: Technological Progress and Food Supply -- 5 Cereal grains: Future Directions for Technological Change -- Discussion -- 6 Food Supply and Population Growth in Developing Countries: Present Status and Prospects -- 7 Food Supply and Population Growth in Developing Countries: A Case Study of Taiwan -- Discussion -- Part Three: World Trade in Agricultural Commodities -- 8 World Trade in Agricultural Commodities and the Terms of Trade with Industrial Goods -- 9 Agricultural Exports and Economic Development: The Case of Argentina -- 10 Agricultural Exports and Economic Development: A Case Study of Thailand -- Discussion -- Part Four: Employment Effects of Agricultural Policy -- 11 Rural Employment, Migration and Economic Development: Theoretical Issues and Empirical Evidence from Africa -- Discussion -- 12 Agricultural Development and Employment Expansion: A Case Study of Japan -- Discussion -- 13 Employment Implications of the Green Revolution and Mechanisation: A Case Study of the Punjab -- Discussion -- 14 Regional Agricultural Growth and Economic Development -- Discussion -- 15 Some Constraints on Agricultural Development in Ghana -- Discussion -- Part Five: The Instruments of Agricultural Development -- 16 The Roles of Credit and Marketing in Agricultural Development -- Discussion.

SummaryThere is little statistical information from developing countries on the prevalence of early and late teenage pregnancies and associated health and psychosocial sequelae. Developing countries cannot be studied as an entity since they differ widely in terms of cultural background, religion, traditions, etc. However, characteristics of an underprivileged situation are: an early reproductive debut, high fertility and close spacing of pregnancies, and high maternal and infant mortality. The high maternal and infant mortality rates are related to socio-economic parameters but also specifically to the age of the mother, being increased for mothers under the age of 20, particularly for the younger ones and when there are repeated teenage pregnancies. Low minimum age of marriage for girls, typical of many developing as well as developed countries, means a consent of society for early family formation.Epidemiological studies and studies on changing reproductive behaviour in situations undergoing modernization processes are required to estimate the magnitude of the problem from health and psychosocial aspects, and in order to design appropriate services.

Fiscal systems throughout the world have been severely strained in recent years, as governments have assumed more responsibility for economic management. The developing counties, where needs are greatest and resources scarcest, have found their finances especially hard pressed. This book examines a range of issues in government finance that confront developing countries: the formulation and execution of national budget; the objectives, size, and effects of expenditures; the purposes and results of various ways of taxing income, wealth, consumption, exports, or natural resources; the role of foreign and domestic borrowings; and the consequences of financing by money creation. The book also relates fiscal operations to goals such as growth and development, economic stabilization, equitable distribution, and national self-reliance. The author stresses the need to take account of economic and political conditions and particularly administrative capacity when evaluating the suitability of fiscal measures in developing countries.