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PurposeThe objective of the present research is to explore how firms, when engaged in collaborative new product development (NPD) activities, may be understood to be successful or unsuccessful in achieving ambidextrous processes. The study explores the organizational and managerial practices inside the firm and in the supply chain that enable or constrain the firm in reaching a balance between exploitation and exploration when engaged with NPD.Design/methodology/approachA case study approach was adopted with the ambition to develop new theoretical insight. Insights from multiple NPD projects in a single highly innovative firm were collected and coded.FindingsThe analysis shows how the organization of the NPD projects, alignment strategies, approaches to reward structure, supplier integration willingness and absorptive capacity were all formative in the firms' abilities to achieve ambidexterity in the NPD processes.Originality/valueThe presented research expands knowledge of how ambidextrous NPD processes can be reached. It demonstrates how a complex combination of factors and practices internal to the firm and concerning its supplier management strategies and practices enables or constrains ambidexterity in NPD processes. The results allow managers to devise more informed strategies and design decisions to enable NPD processes that reach adequate and simultaneous concerns for exploitation and exploration.

Ch. 1 Needs, Sustainable Development and Weil-Being within a Social-Ecological Perspective of Resilience / Erika Quendler -- ch. 2 Halting Deforestation to Advance Sustainable Development: Progress, Prospects and Challenges of REDD+ Readiness in Ghana / Albert A. Arhin -- ch. 3 Renewed Consideration on Natural Rubber Yielding Plants: A Sustainable Development Standpoint / Shinzo Kohjiya -- ch. 4 Sustainable Management as a Key to Sustainable Development / Guennady A. Ougolnitsky -- ch. 5 Sustainable Energy Action Plan for the Covenant Signatories: The Choice of Emission Factors / John Psarras -- ch. 6 New Perspectives towards Ergonomics in Sustainable Development / KwanMyung Kim.

7 Emergent urbanizationTypology of colonial urbanization; Colonial impact on the traditional urban economy; Post-colonial urbanization and import-substituting industrialization; Emergent urban systems in underdeveloped countries; Patterns of urbanization; 8 Urban crisis of underdevelopment; Growth of the urban population; Urban unemployment and the growth of the informal sector; Environmental problems of cities in underdeveloped countries; Social alienation and urban management; 9 Urban system and national development; The conceptual basis of urban development

The main purpose of this paper is to critically assess the context and policy environment for the recent development of women's entrepreneurship in Pakistan. The paper highlights the fact that Pakistani women have been the passive recipients of various opportunities and programmes related to welfare and development, e.g. related to skill training, but the political commitment needed for achieving a fundamental change of the role of women in society is only slowly emerging. The Pakistani system has traditionally favoured large companies rather than SMEs and entrepreneurs, which has resulted in an economic contribution which is only slowly accelerating. Though there are some positive trends for empowering women entrepreneurs, the gender gap actually appears to be increasing in Pakistan.

"Prepared under contract no. DHR-1005-0-00-0019-00." ; Includes bibliographical references. ; v. 1. Background paper / by Mona Serageldin -- v. 2. Discussion papers. Informal residential land development in Indonesia / by Michael L. Hoffmann. Less is more : the benefits of minimal land development regulation / by David E. Dowall. The Institute for Liberty and Democracy's Property Rights Program / by Albert Alex Forsyth. Land tenure in Jordan : informal markets and the resolution of problems. ; Mode of access: Internet.