This article proposes a methodological reflection on the cultural symbolic dimension of local development processes, according to the development of more effective ways of planning and implementing them, according to sustainable lines of development both from an environmental and socioeconomic point of view, oriented according to a logic of continuous improvement. The reflection develops around three operational phases in which local development paths can be articulated, identifying for each of them specific objectives and strategies to guide the processes of shared representation of the territories and the possible paths of interaction between different local systems: 1) establishment and development of the network of local actors that can be involved in the process, 2) sharing of knowledge on the potential of the local system and definition of possible development paths, 3) sharing of knowledge on local systems with which to interact and definition of interaction strategies.
This article proposes a methodological reflection on the cultural symbolic dimension of local development processes, according to the development of more effective ways of planning and implementing them, according to sustainable lines of development both from an environmental and socioeconomic point of view, oriented according to a logic of continuous improvement. The reflection develops around three operational phases in which local development paths can be articulated, identifying for each of them specific objectives and strategies to guide the processes of shared representation of the territories and the possible paths of interaction between different local systems: 1) establishment and development of the network of local actors that can be involved in the process, 2) sharing of knowledge on the potential of the local system and definition of possible development paths, 3) sharing of knowledge on local systems with which to interact and definition of interaction strategies.
This work presents the results of a research regarding the élite of Asti and the cultural factors that determine its role in the local governance performance. Starting from determining the difficulties of this territory to elaborate a shared vision of a new and effective trajectory of future development, the research aimed at focusing on the dynamics of power and of shared meanings that hinder this process, with the purpose of identifying possible strategies of change. The composition and stratification of local elite and features of local decision-making process were identified through a mixed method approach, based on positional, reputational, decisional and social network analysis. The analysis of the elite's discourse about local development highlighted a strong polarization both concerning the self-representation of local power and the possible levers of development. On the one hand, an image of power as a closed system, almost exclusively focused on its self-reproduction, in contrast with a more flexible one, based on the management of a territory through local services administration. On the other hand, an expectation of development opportunities almost automatically arising from landscape and natural resources in contrast with an idea of development more based on the opportunities arising form cultural heritage (Palio and local theatre tradition), which could create synergies with University's and local tourism's development strategies.
This work presents the results of a research regarding the élite of Asti and the cultural factors that determine its role in the local governance performance. Starting from determining the difficulties of this territory to elaborate a shared vision of a new and effective trajectory of future development, the research aimed at focusing on the dynamics of power and of shared meanings that hinder this process, with the purpose of identifying possible strategies of change. The composition and stratification of local elite and features of local decision-making process were identified through a mixed method approach, based on positional, reputational, decisional and social network analysis. The analysis of the elite's discourse about local development highlighted a strong polarization both concerning the self-representation of local power and the possible levers of development. On the one hand, an image of power as a closed system, almost exclusively focused on its self-reproduction, in contrast with a more flexible one, based on the management of a territory through local services administration. On the other hand, an expectation of development opportunities almost automatically arising from landscape and natural resources in contrast with an idea of development more based on the opportunities arising form cultural heritage (Palio and local theatre tradition), which could create synergies with University's and local tourism's development strategies.
After the economic crisis of 2008, the degree of economic and environmental impact has increased. Challenges encountered by enterprises ranges from fulfilling the legal obligations of integral prevention and pollution control to the adaptation of the environmental management system in order to successfully apply the ISO 14001 standard. Companies face problems arising from soil pollution, climate change and legislation. Companies must take into account the successful management of sustainable development and social responsibility. To date, the basic responsibility of the company is to create profits for the owners of the company. However, including "social aspects", it emphasizes the participation of other stakeholders. The subject of research in this paper focuses on realizing the situation in terms of company's readiness to fulfill legal obligations for integrated pollution prevention and the application of appropriate environmental management standards. The main objective of this paper is to indicate the opportunities that companies have in favor of effective environmental management through cost reduction and cost savings achieved through efficient waste and energy recycling initiatives. Considering the fact that waste management is inappropriate, it can cause numerous consequences for the population and the environment, work for the welfare of the public, management and employees in enterprises, academic researchers and the general public is expected. The contribution of this paper is to expand the literature in this field and to the need to implement an appropriate management concept for integrated environmental management and prevention in order to successfully manage sustainable development. ; Posle ekonomske krize 2008. godine, stepen ekonomskih i ekoloških uticaja je povećan. Izazovi sa kojima se susreću poduzeća kreću se od ispunjavanja zakonskih obaveza integralnog sprečavanja i kontrole zagađenja do prilagođavanja sistema upravlјanja zaštitom životne sredine kako bi se uspješno primijenio standard ISO 14001. Preduzeća se suočavaju sa problemima koji proizlaze iz zagađenja zemlјišta, klimatskih promena i zakonodavstva. Preduzeća moraju voditi računa o uspešnom upravlјanju sa održivim razvojem i društvenom odgovornošću. Do danas je osnovna odgovornost preduzeća stvaranje profita za vlasnike preduzeća. Međutim, uklјučujući i "socijalne aspekte" naglašava učešće drugih zainteresovanih strana (Hopkins, M. 2004). Predmet istraživanja u ovom radu fokusira se na sagledavanje stvarne situacije u smislu spremnosti preduzeća da ispune zakonske obaveze za integriranu prevenciju zagađenja i primenu odgovarajućih standarda za upravlјanje životnom sredinom. Glavni cilј ovog rada je ukazati na mogućnosti koje preduzeća imaju u korist efektivnog upravlјanja životnom sredinom kroz mogućnosti smanjenja troškova i uštede troškova postignutih kroz efikasne inicijative za reciklažu otpada i energije. S obzirom na činjenicu da je upravlјanje otpadomne prikladno, može izazvati brojne posledice na stanovništvo i životnu sredinu, očekuje se rad za dobrobit javnosti, menadžmenta i zaposlenih u preduzećima, akademskih istraživača i šire javnosti. Doprinos ovog rada sastoji se u proširenju literature u ovoj oblasti i na neophodnost primene odgovarajućeg koncepta upravlјanja za integrisano upravlјanje i sprečavanje zagađenja životne sredine kako bi se uspešno upravlјalo održivim razvojem.
In light of the challenges that all cities face today, food is offered as a prism through which to read and intervene on various areas that affect the quality of life of the population: circular economy, urban metabolism, social relations, economies, and food quality. In the Roman context, in recent years, numerous initiatives have revitalized the debate on food and brought the discussion to the center of the interest of an ever-increasing number of citizens. However, these experiences appear unrelated and there is a lack of coordination and political coherence. Faced with this evidence, starting from a territorial analysis, this contribution analyzes the process that led a local group of stakeholders to formulate a proposal for a food policy for the city of Rome. The proposal contains a series of possible actions that aim, on the one hand, to recompose the relations between the city and its territory, with a view to re-localization and re-territorialization of agro-food productions and, on the other hand, to reconnect the economic and social relations that the industrialization of food chains has compromised. The network analysis of the bottom-up process, which mainly investigates networking and negotiation skills between various interests, is carried out and related to a careful analysis of the food system in the Roman context. Furthermore, an overview of the state of the art of urban food policies in Italy has been provided to better contextualize the study case. The findings show actors and topics involved in the process, identifying further development towards a more comprehensive participatory process for a systemic food strategy at the metropolitan level.
The paper analyzes the strategic documents that the Government Serbia adopted in the period from 2008 through 2011, from the point of the extent to which basic ideas and principles of sustainable development are present in those strategies. By adopting the National Strategy for Sustainable Development in 2008 the Republic of Serbia has accepted that sustainable development becomes its permanent development orientation and of course one of the prerequisites for entry into the family of modern European states. However, given the symbolist, traditional and declarative approach to the concept of sustainable development, it can be established that most the adopted strategic documents, that is, national strategies are not essentially, but only formally, in line with the National Strategy for Sustainable Development. The reasons are certainly found in the fact that the state, that is, the administrative structure, did not understand the essence of sustainable development and the opportunities it provides. Although the idea of sustainable development should be approached from a critical standpoint, there is no doubt that by its political ignorance in the politics of the Serbian government it loses the necessary and costly time needed to strengthen the process of modernization and ecologisation of the society in Serbia.
Engine development has nowadays to deal with a stringent legislation on the pollutant emissions, and a constant attempt to reduce the fuel consumption, as required from the marketing, the governments and the customers. The engine development is high complicated process and CFD simulations play a significant role. They are used at various stages of the design process with different purposes. The goal of this work is to develop a procedure to simulate the mixture formation and wall impingement in GDI engines. In particular, the work is focused on the air motion in-cylinder, on the injection phase, until the mixture formation before the ignition and the research of a correlation between the wall impingement and soot measurement. The ideal workflow is to consider also combustion simulation to relate soot formation estimation with experimental data of emission. The simulation of combustion in gasoline engines is nowadays still in the research phase, and it is generally not used for the engine design. Although it constitutes an interesting research topic, it requires a computation and experimental effort far beyond the current state of the art in the daily engine development process, and it is not covered in this work. On the other end the experimental procedure to measure liquid film formation in engines during the injection process is highly complicated and require facilities not available for this work. All these limitation from simulation and experiments point of view lead us to the decision of correlating wall wet formation of simulation with PN measurement from experiments. The methodology developed is divided in three main simulation: cold flow simulation, injection simulation and wall wet analysis. In the first part the engine flow is validated focusing the attention on velocity magnitude and turbulent kinetic energy fields. In parallel the injection model is calibrated and validate in the spray box, using as target the experimental spray penetration length and droplets size distribution. Once the first 2 simulation are validate, the injection model is implemented in the engine simulation to evaluate the liquid film formation. If a correlation between the in-cylinder wet surface and soot measurement is found, in the future engine development process will be possible to use CFD to estimate liquid film and from that have a prediction of soot formation. This methodology allows to save time and money that always represents a critical point in the engine development.
Sustainable development is a developmental concept that takes into account the economic, the environmental, and the social dimension of development. The modem approach to the concept of sustainable development implies acknowledgement of new dimensions or pillars of development. The subject of this paper is the institutional dimension as the fourth dimension of sustainable development. The path to sustainable development requires interconnectedness, harmonization, and coordination of different dimensions of development. Institutionally, new principles or concepts are necessary to improve the functioning of the various institutions and actors involved in the process of achieving the goals of sustainable development. The aim of this paper is to indicate that economic, ecological, and social development based on sustainability requires institutional support as a complementary and necessary dimension.
More than one decade Serbia has been passing through the process of market reforms. Establishing of market economy institution had to allow the country one stabile economic development in the light of EU accession. That is, by the way, the same strategy of the most countries of Western Balkan. Actual economic crisis showed the other side of the result of previous changes, and of the realized growth and development. That were the consequences on macro economic and financial instability and structure of the economy. Many circumstances showed that in the Serbian real and normative economic system there were numerous controversies stopping or slowing EU accession and basic re forms process. European economic system is based on institutions. In spite of many bureaucratic obstacles of this system institutions are the main guarantee of the system surviving. The institutions in Serbia were not established in desirable way. The government, the parliament and courts are continually in conflicts, based on formalization of institutions. Regulatory bodies are very week and under pressure of parties power control, as well as corruption and institution formalizing. All those facts have negative influence on the process of EU accession and market reforms. Serbia need to accept lawful state and institution strengthening in order to catch a connection for advanced economies in reform. Most important conditions are not only better laws, but better education. .
This paper show why the standardization of administrative procedure is important for the state legal system that, in the last two decades, the administrative procedure codes were adopted in almost all of the European states. Afterwards author analyzed main driving forces for development of administrative procedural law at the level of the European Union and the Council of Europe. The most important legal sources of European administrative procedural law (basic standards, principles, recommendations and guidelines in this area) are concisely presented but it is clearly indicated that there are certain ambiguities, that these sources don't apply equally to all institutions of the Union, and that they still don't make finished, complete and forever given system that can be automatically transferred to jurisprudence of the member states and candidate countries. Moreover, often administrative process laws of the member states contain rules that are not existing in this kind of regulation at European Union level and that is why the process of adopting the first European Union general law on administrative procedure was initiated, which would further improve the standards of European administrative process in general. When it comes to the general administrative procedure of the Republic of Serbia it has been shown that in spite of the strategic orientation towards the reform of the Law on Administrative Procedure expressed in numerous strategies, our executive authorities in this area have not yet moved beyond the development of the third version of the Draft Law on General administrative Procedure which was afterward adopted by the Government as the Bill. In his final remarks the author concludes stating that the largest number of European standards of administrative process are included in the final version of the Draft, but without eliminating the shortcomings of the existing Law, and without normative adjusting to the circumstances in which the Serbian administration operates, and with unnecessary abandonment of some solutions that have proved to be right in the decades-long practice of administrative authorities.
The paper offers a critical analysis of the strategic framework for long-term economic development of Serbia, of the role of strategic development in the success of the transition process, and the consequences of the lack of a development strategy. The strategy of long-term economic development of Serbia, as a programe intended to designate the economic and development policy of the state, is analysed with the aim of finding an acceptable formulation of development strategy. The authors consider various approaches and propose a strategy for Serbia in the period of transition towards market economy. They also point out that, in the period of transition from a government-planned towards a market economy, strategy should be given greater importance in period that do not represent turning points, because of the greater possibility of incorrect policy making, potential conflicts of interest groups, reaching sustainable development, and maximizing prosperity. The authors take into account the advantages and disadvantages of the radical and of the gradualist approach to transition and propose formulating a development strategy that would contain combined elements of plan and market mechanism. They believe that the process of transition lacks a clear development strategy, and that the quality of the existing development strategy of Serbia until 2010 is such it cannot be understood as a serious approach to the transition issue. The authors stress the consequences of underground transition without a development strategy, that include inappropriate dynamic and sequence of reforms< a lack of coordination between development policy, macroeconomic policy, market reforms, and spatial planning policy< higher costs of transition, insufficient rate of economic growth, etc. They offer proposals for a comprehensive development framework (CDF) and for strategic planning of territorial industrial development. ; Urednici: Nada Milašin, Nenad Spasić, Miodrag Vujošević, Mila Pucar ; Ev.br.projekta 1383 "'Planiranje i upravljanje razvojem u uslovima prelaska na tržišnu privredu privredu- institucionalno prilagođavanje praksi i standardima EU", Ekonomski fakultet Univerziteta u Beogradu i Institut za arhitekturu i urbanizam Srbije, 2002-2005. ; Posebna izdanja 44
The author studies the specific features of formation of cluster structures, which allow to identify economic and social preconditions for the emergence and development of cluster relations. The development of any cluster formation should be viewed as the process of interaction between opposite sides and trends arising from the intrinsic characteristics of these opposites. The author considers that cluster relations should be viewed as a system of relations on the formation and use of all types of resources aimed at the implementation of the expanded reproduction with the purpose of receiving profits systematically. Under present conditions the development of cluster relations occurs with participation of actors of economic ensuring of cluster formations' activity. On the basis of a systematic approach the author identifies and structures internal and external economic and financial conditions and factors of cluster relations. Cluster development theory is complemented by justification of key features and economic elements of cluster relations. The justification of the economic essence of cluster relations is provided. ; The author studies the specific features of formation of cluster structures, which allow to identify economic and social preconditions for the emergence and development of cluster relations. The development of any cluster formation should be viewed as the process of interaction between opposite sides and trends arising from the intrinsic characteristics of these opposites. The author considers that cluster relations should be viewed as a system of relations on the formation and use of all types of resources aimed at the implementation of the expanded reproduction with the purpose of receiving profits systematically. Under present conditions the development of cluster relations occurs with participation of actors of economic ensuring of cluster formations' activity. On the basis of a systematic approach the author identifies and structures internal and external economic and financial conditions and factors of cluster relations. Cluster development theory is complemented by justification of key features and economic elements of cluster relations. The justification of the economic essence of cluster relations is provided.
Despite the progress in all fields, modern society is facing the development of the means of political violence. Technological development also has its dangerous side. Many researches in the field of science are often carried out for the sake of military needs, and scientific researchers are often misused in military purpose. Political violence represents one of the greatest threats for the democratic development and human rights in contemporary society. The main goal of this paper is to analyze the position of political violence in contemporary society, particularly focusing on its covert use by the great powers, which is often justified by the struggle for democracy and achieving human rights. In that sense this paper is divided into two parts. The first part analyzes the globalization process, underling that this process has double face, whose negative side can significantly contribute to the spread of political violence. In the second part the author deals with the relations between policy and violence in contemporary society. The paper underlines the need for critical approach to political violence. This critical approach is crucial for understanding of political violence which is the first step in the fight against it. Political violence is not always negative and sometimes can have a positive role, especially when it comes to defensive war and combating terrorism. But the main problem here is that this can be misused to justify political violence in general. What is positive and what is the negative role of political violence often depends on the perspective of observation. Unfortunately, it seems that the privilege to enforce the standard today is reserved only for great powers, and they have become main judges who decide when political violence is to be approved of or not. This is the way in which a war becomes humanitarian interventions, protection of human rights, etc. That is why it is of great importance to encourage and initiate all actions in science which aim to understand and counter this complex phenomenon.
