Suchergebnisse

Peace and Security Council Fourth Session 6 April 2004 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia ; Conseil De Paix Et De Securite Quatrième session 6 avril 2004 Addis Abéba (Ethiopie) ; السلام والأمن التابع الدورة الرابعة 6 أبريل 2004 أديس أبابا، إثيوبيا ; Paz e Segurança sessão do Conselho Quarta 6 de abril de 2004 Adis Abeba, Etiópia

The present crisis had started as a financial crisis that suddenly has became an economic crisis. First, we will start to identify the main features of this crisis trough some quantitative indicators. Then we will refer the historical lessons of the past crisis and its impact in Democracy. Finally, we will review the outcomes of some research about the association among Democracy, economic policy decision processes and economic development. Adapted from the source document.

This theoretical study presents a conceptual matrix built to analyze the vulnerability of children in adverse situations to their development. It proposes that the vulnerability of children is analyzed by means of the following dimensions: individual , which is related to ongoing nurturing relationships, physical protection and security; social , which concerns the social insertion of family and access to rights of social protection and promotion; and programmatic , which involves the political-programmatic scenario and the guidelines and political-programmatic implementation. The practical application of this matrix allows apprehending the health-disease process beyond the individual dimension, enabling the articulation of public policies and actions of professionals to achieve effectiveness in meeting the needs of children. The use of this conceptual matrix can provide to health teams a specific understanding of the adverse situations to child development as well as subsidizing intervention plans based on the analytical dimensions of vulnerability. ; Este estudio teórico tuvo como objetivo elaborar una matriz conceptual para analizar la vulnerabilidad del niño delante de situaciones adversas para su desarrollo. Se propone que la vulnerabilidad del niño sea analizada a través de los aspectos de las dimensiones: Individual – relaciones sostenedoras continuas, y protección física y seguridad; Social – inserción social de la familia y acceso a los derechos, a la protección y la promoción social; y Programático – escenario político-programático y directrices y realización político-programáticas. La aplicación práctica de esta matriz permite la captación del proceso salud-enfermedad más allá de la dimensión individual, posibilitando la articulación de las políticas públicas y de las acciones de los profesionales, con el objetivo de obtener eficacia en la atención de las necesidades de los niños. El uso de este instrumento conceptual puede propiciar en los equipos de salud la aprensión, de modo específico, de las situaciones adversas al desarrollo infantil, así como subsidiar para la construcción de planes de intervención a partir de las dimensiones analíticas de la vulnerabilidad. ; Estudo teórico que teve como objetivo elaborar uma matriz conceitual para analisar a vulnerabilidade da criança diante de situações adversas para seu desenvolvimento. Propõe-se que vulnerabilidade da criança seja analisada por meio dos aspectos das dimensões individual, relativa a relações sustentadoras contínuas e proteção física e segurança; social , concernente à inserção social da família e ao acesso a direitos à proteção e promoção social, e programática , cenário político-programático, de diretrizes e implementação político-programáticas. A aplicação prática desta matriz permite a captação do processo saúde-doença para além da dimensão individual, possibilitando a articulação das políticas públicas e das ações dos profissionais, a fim de obter eficácia no atendimento às necessidades das crianças. O uso desse instrumento conceitual pode propiciar às equipes de saúde a apreensão, de forma específica, das situações adversas ao desenvolvimento infantil, bem como subsidiar a construção de planos de intervenção a partir das dimensões analíticas da vulnerabilidade.

This research developed a Water Quality Index (WQI) for public supply in the Vale do Rio Pardo Region, RS, Brazil (WQI-VRP), from the database of the 13th Regional Health Coordination, totaling 1175 samples. A filtration process resulted in 285 samples with the variables free residual chlorine, turbidity, apparent color, pH, fluoride, total coliforms and Escherichia coli. For water consumption purposes, the Water Quality Index developed by the Sanitation Company of Goiás, Brazil, was used. A multivariate calibration of the weights of importance of the parameters included in the original index was performed, resulting in the WQI-VRP. Comparing the medians of the two indexes, it was found that there were significant differences (p<0.05), qualifying the WQI-VRP as more restrictive. The results indicated that 89.8% of the samples were classified as non-compliant samples by WQI-VRP, while 10.2% were classified as compliant samples. Of the 285 samples analyzed, 72 samples of chlorine, 12 of total coliform, 5 of E. coli, 2 of color, 200 of fluoride and 26 of pH, were below or above the minimum or maximum values required by Brazilian legislation. The pH and fluoride correspond to the critical variables of the study region, as they were the parameters that showed the greatest increases in relative weights when comparing the original index with the calibrated one. These results confirm the use of the WQI-VRP as an efficient tool to assess the quality of drinking water in Brazilian subtropical and temperate lotic systems. ; This research developed a Water Quality Index (WQI) for public supply in the Vale do Rio Pardo Region, RS, Brazil (WQI-VRP), from the database of the 13th Regional Health Coordination, totaling 1175 samples. A filtration process resulted in 285 samples with the variables free residual chlorine, turbidity, apparent color, pH, fluoride, total coliforms and Escherichia coli. For water consumption purposes, the Water Quality Index developed by the Sanitation Company of Goiás, Brazil, was used. A multivariate calibration of the weights of importance of the parameters included in the original index was performed, resulting in the WQI-VRP. Comparing the medians of the two indexes, it was found that there were significant differences (p<0.05), qualifying the WQI-VRP as more restrictive. The results indicated that 89.8% of the samples were classified as non-compliant samples by WQI-VRP, while 10.2% were classified as compliant samples. Of the 285 samples analyzed, 72 samples of chlorine, 12 of total coliform, 5 of E. coli, 2 of color, 200 of fluoride and 26 of pH, were below or above the minimum or maximum values required by Brazilian legislation. The pH and fluoride correspond to the critical variables of the study region, as they were the parameters that showed the greatest increases in relative weights when comparing the original index with the calibrated one. These results confirm the use of the WQI-VRP as an efficient tool to assess the quality of drinking water in Brazilian subtropical and temperate lotic systems. ; Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo desenvolver um índice de qualidade da água para abastecimento público na Região do Vale do Rio Pardo, RS, Brasil, IQA-VRP, utilizando o banco de dados da 13ª Coordenadoria Regional de Saúde, totalizando 1175 amostras. Um processo de filtragem resultou em 285 amostras com as variáveis Cloro residual livre, turbidez, cor aparente, pH, fluoretos, coliformes totais e Escherichia coli. Para fins de potabilidade, foi utilizado o Índice de Qualidade da Água desenvolvido pela Companhia de Saneamento de Goiás, Brasil. Realizamos uma calibração multivariada dos pesos de importância dos parâmetros incluídos no índice original, resultando no IQA-VRP. Comparando as medianas dos dois índices, verificou-se que houve diferenças significativas (p<0,05), qualificando o IQA-VRP como mais restritivo. Os resultados indicaram que 89,8% das amostras foram classificadas como produtos não conformes pelo IQA-VRP, enquanto 10,2% foram classificadas como produtos conformes, e das 285 amostras analisadas, 72 amostras de cloro, 12 de coliformes totais, 5 de E. coli, 2 de cor, 200 de flúor e 26 de pH, estavam abaixo ou acima dos valores mínimos ou máximos exigidos pela legislação brasileira. O pH e o flúor correspondem às variáveis críticas da região de estudo, pois foram os parâmetros que apresentaram os maiores aumentos nos pesos relativos comparando o índice original com o calibrado. Esses resultados confirmam o uso do IQA-VRP como ferramenta eficiente para avaliar a qualidade da água potável em sistemas lóticos subtropicais e temperados brasileiros.

The purpose of this article is to use the integration of Spain & Portugal into the European Union as an opportunity to reflect on what has happened to both countries since 1986. It examines the integration process & how it has affected political, economic & social developments in Portugal & in Spain over the last two decades. It identifies the basic changes in the economies & societies of Portugal & Spain that occurred as a result of European integration. Tables, Figures, References. Adapted from the source document.

The article argues that the causes behind the shortcomings & weaknesses of the democratic institutions of any EU member, including those of Portugal, will not be ameliorated by the approval & adoption of the European Constitution. European integration, much like globalization, is not a passing or one-time phenomenon, but a long-range evolutionary process, as is the further development & refinement of democratic institutions. European integration, along with democratic reforms, will continue with or without the ratification of the Constitution. The article compares & contrasts sections of the Portuguese Constitution & proposed European Constitution, the Portuguese Parliament & the proposed European Parliament, as well as the Portuguese executive & the proposed European executive. R. Young

O artigo apresenta o processo de construção da Pesquisa Nacional sobre Acesso, Utilização e Promoção do Uso Racional de Medicamento a partir de uma concepção integradora da Assistência Farmacêutica, Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação. Inicia-se contextualizando a saúde e o desenvolvimento no País e apresenta elementos da Política Nacional de Ciência Tecnologia e Inovação em Saúde no Brasil e da Política Nacional de Assistência Farmacêutica. Ao apresentar as diretrizes das Políticas Farmacêuticas, destaca-se a carência de dados de abrangência nacional. A presente pesquisa, encomendada pelo Ministério da Saúde, foi estruturada em dois componentes: inquérito domiciliar e avaliação dos serviços de assistência farmacêutica na atenção básica. As perspectivas dos resultados representam, além do incremento das políticas públicas farmacêuticas e de saúde pública, resultados de ações governamentais voltadas ao desenvolvimento do complexo econômico-industrial da saúde, visando a melhoria das condições de saúde da população brasileira. ; This paper describes the development process of the Pesquisa Nacional sobre Acesso, Utilização e Promoção do Uso Racional de Medicamentos (PNAUM – National Survey on Access, Use and Promotion of Rational Use of Medicines) based on an integrated approach to pharmaceutical services, science, technology and innovation. It starts by contextualizing health and development in Brazil and features elements of the National Policy for Science, Technology and Innovation in Health in Brazil and the National Policy for Pharmaceutical Services. On presenting pharmaceutical policy guidelines, it stresses the lack of nationwide data. This survey, commissioned by the Brazilian Ministry of Health, has two components: household survey and evaluation of pharmaceutical services in primary care. The findings point to perspectives that represent, besides the enhancement of public policy for pharmaceutical services and public health, results of government action aimed at developing the economic and industrial health care complex to improve the health conditions of the Brazilian population.

This paper examines the role and importance of the territorial dimension of EU Cohesion Policy, during its five programming phases (1989‑2020), by relating this implementation process with several territorial elements, and by assessing their constant changes, namely in three main components and related elements: (i) the 'policy strategy' designed to include an integrated territorial perspective; (ii) the 'policy impacts' in territorial development and territorial cohesion, together with the use of territorial impact assessment procedures; and (iii) the focus on one or several 'territorial scales', specifically through the support to multilevel‑governance, territorial cooperation, and place‑based strategies. Paradoxically, despite the continuous attempts to detach EU Cohesion Policy from its initial goals of promoting a more cohesive Europe into a more neoliberalist paradigm type of 'investment Policy', our analysis showed that the territorial dimension is still very much anchored with this Policy, and even gaining importance in several territorial related elements, such as the support to territorial cooperation and governance processes, and the use of territorial impact assessment procedures.

In the last fifty years, Brazil began a rapid process of structural transformation, following the first stage of industrial development in the 1930s. Currently the country integrates the small group of countries which evolved from an initial peripheral and subordinate insertion dating back to the nineteenth century, part of the most dynamic segment of the semiperiphery. But this category, intermediate between the "maturity" and "backwardness", according Modernization theorists, or between the "center" and "periphery", as theorists of the Dependence defend, has undergone a process of overcoming considerable positive progress in the direction of the group of states that dominate the current world system. In this way, during the years 2003-2010, foreign policy, along with the formulation of a new regionalism as a strategy of global integration and a new ideal model of State, has been a key factor. Adapted from the source document.

Objective: To present the instrument for assessment of health promotion in university (IAPSU) and its reproducibility assessment process. Methods: Cross-sectional study performed between May and July 2014 with 50 students from one university of Fortaleza, CE, which developed the IAPSU through the analysis of governmental documents and a systematic literature review addressing a potentially healthy university. The instrument has 41 questions, divided into five domains: physical activity, feeding, environmental factors, psychosocial factors and alcohol and drugs consumption, complementary and integrative practices. To evaluate the inter-rater reproducibility, the students answered the IAPSU twice, applied by two different examiners; to evaluate the intra-rater reliability, another application of the instrument was performed after seven days. Results: The study comprised 40 students of the Nursing course and 10 of the Physiotherapy course, with mean age of 25 ± 5.4 years; 88% were female and Caucasians were predominant. In the reproducibility assessment, strong intraclass, intra-rater and inter-rater correlation coefficients, over 0.8, were observed in all the assessed domains. Conclusion: The IAPSU is a reproducible and reliable instrument to evaluate health promotion in the university environment. ; Objetivo: Presentar el Instrumento de Evaluación de La Promoción de la Salud de la Universidad (IAPSU) y su proceso de evaluación de reproductibilidad. Métodos: Estudio transversal realizado entre mayo y julio de 2014 con 50 académicos de uma universidad de Fortaleza-CE, el cual ha desarrollado el IAPSU a partir del análisis de documentos del gobierno y de una revisión sistemática de la literatura sobre una universidad saludable em potencia. El instrumento tiene 41 cuestiones divididas en cinco dominios: actividad física, alimentación, factores ambientales, factores psicosociales y el consumo del alcohol y drogas y practicas integrativas y complementarias. Para la evaluación de la reproductibilidad interobservador los ...

Next July, Portugal undertakes the Presidency of the European Union. The purpose of this article is to anticipate the main challenges that the Portuguese presidency will face, rather than describing the exact content of its agenda. In the field of external relations, Portugal will try to promote the dialogue between Europe & the wider world through the Africa & Brazil summits. The negotiations of the Constitutional Treaty, Turkey's accession to the EU & the continuous enlargement process will be treated as critical issues to the future of the European project. Since the ED cannot be just a free trade area with a certain number of common policies, the Portuguese presidency is committed to the reinforcement of the social pillar of the Lisbon Strategy, in order to strengthen Europe's economic cohesion. Adapted from the source document.

Considering the extraordinary economic growth experienced by China in recent years, especially after its entry into the World Trade Organization, this essay on the Sino-Brazilian relationship will, while analyzing the historical process in its different dimensions, attempt to determine, on one hand, whether current relations may still be understood from the perspective of South-South cooperation, and, on the other, whether the Chinese economic boom may be defining a new, much more competitive than cooperative relationship. Adapted from the source document.

In western Maputaland, a borderland region located at the juncture of South Africa, Mozambique, and Swaziland, Song Walking examines the politics of land, its role in memories, and its evolution. Angela Impey explores opposing accounts of this little-known strategic triangle, opposing textual narratives with the memories of an elderly group of women whose songs and daily activities bring subaltern narratives and points of view about the dynamics in the borderlands. Performed while traversing vast distances to the accompaniment of the mouth-harp Isitweletwele, Impey's ethography finds in women's walking songs (amaculo manihamba) a myriad of impacts on property, livelihoods, and senses of location caused by internationally guided politics on transboundary environmental conservation. This book ties ethnomusicological research to the broader themes of international development, conservation of the environment, gender, and access to resources for local economic purposes. Song Walking testifies to the affective, spatial, and economic dimensions of the place by demonstrating that development processes are essentially cultural processes and revealing how music can be used by silenced subjects for self-expression, while contributing to a more inclusive and culturally appropriate alignment between land and environmental policies and local needs and practices. ; No oeste de Maputaland, uma região fronteiriça localizada na junção da África do Sul, Moçambique e Suazilândia, Song Walking examina a políticas territoriais, seu papel nas memórias e suas evoluções. Angela Impey explora relatos contrastantes acerca deste triângulo estratégico pouco conhecido, contrapondo narrativas textuais com as memórias de um grupo de mulheres idosas cujas canções e atividades diárias trazem narrativas e pontos de vista subalternos sobre a dinâmica na fronteira. Realizada durante a travessia de vastas distâncias com o acompanhamento da harpa bucal Isitweletwele, a etnografia de Impey encontra, nas canções de caminhadas femininas (amaculo manihamba), uma miríade de impactos sobre a propriedade, meios de subsistência e sentidos de localização causados por políticas de conservação ambiental transfronteiriça internacionalmente guiadas. Este livro vincula a pesquisa etnomusicológica aos temas mais amplos de desenvolvimento internacional, conservação do meio ambiente, gênero e acesso a recursos para fins econômicos locais. Song Walking atesta as dimensões afetivas, espaciais e econômicas do lugar, demonstrando que os processos de desenvolvimento são essencialmente culturais e revelando como a música se presta à expressão de sujeitos silenciados, ao mesmo tempo em que contribui para um alinhamento mais inclusivo e culturalmente apropriado entre as políticas fundiária e ambiental e necessidades e práticas locais.

This paper looks at foreign policy in transition from a Soviet communist regime towards failed attempts at democratization, in the case of the Russian Federation. The sinuous process of transition twenty years ago, the challenges implied & the opportunities missed, are here focus of analysis. This article addresses also Russia twenty years past, highlighting the elements of continuity that persist in a changed context. An analysis based on the formulation & implementation of foreign policy, in a Soviet & post-Soviet framing, & in the way this differentiation reveals the underlining dynamics to politics of action & reaction in Russian foreign policy. In this way the paper seeks to understand the foreign policy alignments underlying Russian affirmation as a relevant actor in the international system. Adapted from the source document.