Suchergebnisse

Demonstrates that, as it has been implemented by international development agencies, the women in development (WID) regime, with its origins in modernist colonial discourses & discourses of the market, disempowers Third World women. Drawing on relevant literature, colonial discourses are described as privileging the economy, culture, society, & politics of European peoples & homogenizing & essentializing Third World peoples, particularly women. Moreover, the discourses of the market are taken to stress individualism & voluntary choice in a manner that disempowers Third World nations in the international political economy. It is shown that these discourses have been at the root of the WID regime as it has been implemented by the World Bank. The Third World women's, or empowerment, perspective is advocated as an alternative basis for development, because it is rooted in the concrete experiences of women & grassroots strategies of organization that do not essentialize or disempower the people it is trying to assist. D. M. Smith

Alternative development has been concerned with alternative practices of development—participatory and people‐centred—and with redefining the goals of development. Mainstream development has gradually been moving away from the preoccupation with economic growth toward a people‐centred definition of development, for instance in human development. This raises the question in what way alternative development remains distinguishable from mainstream development—as a roving criticism, a development style, a profile of alternative positions regarding development agency, methodology, epistemology? Increasingly the claim is that alternative development represents an alternative paradigm. This is a problematic idea for four reasons: because whether paradigms apply to social science is questionable; because in development the concern is with policy frameworks rather than explanatory frameworks; because there are different views on whether a paradigm break with conventional development is desirable; and finally because the actual divergence in approaches to development is in some respects narrowing. There is a meaningful alternative development profile or package but there is no alternative development paradigm—nor should there be. Mainstream development is not what it used to be and it may be argued that the key question is rather whether growth and production are considered within or outside the people‐centred development approach and whether this can rhyme with the structural adjustment programmes followed by the international financial institutions. Post‐development may be interpreted as a neo‐traditionalist reaction against modernity. More enabling as a perspective is reflexive development, in which a critique of science is viewed as part of development politics.

Approaches to sustainable development in cities of the South have focused too exclusively on narrow technical aspects of environmental protection, with no benefit to most residents in cities and peri-urban areas. However, in many countries of the South the disengagement of government along with budgetary constraints, a reliance on cost-recovery mechanisms within structural adjustment packages and increasing disparity between poor and rich, further reduces access by the poor to even the most rudimentary services. Development and Cities focuses on the political, social and economic viability of new or alternative approaches to urban management in the South that aim to increase access to adequate levels of basic services and healthy living and working conditions for all. Case-studies include cities in Argentina, Cuba, India, Pakistan, Peru, the Philippines, Tanzania and Zimbabwe.

Despite the policy change the Asian Development Bank's rural sector projects have continued to focus on increasing production, with little impact on unemployment or poverty. This study examines the reasons - both political and organizational - for the gap between policy practice.

(1.) Northern Province. - February 1998. - VIII,200 S. : zahlr. graph. Darst., Kt., zahlr. Tab., Lit. S. 195-198. - (Development Paper ; 113). - ISBN 1-919692-09-6.; (2.) Gauteng. - February 1998. - VIII,184 S. : zahlr. graph. Darst., Kt., zahlr. Tab., Lit. S. 179-182. - (Development Paper ; 116). - ISBN 1-919692-12-6.; (3.) Northern Cape. - February 1998. - VIII,176 S. : zahlr. graph. Darst., Kt., zahlr. Tab., Lit. S. 171-173. - (Development Paper ; 131). - ISBN 1-919692-31-2.; (4.) Western Cape. - April 1998. - VIII,206 S. : zahlr. graph. Darst., Kt., zahlr. Tab., Lit. S. 201-203. - (Development Paper ; 132). - ISBN 1-919692-32-0.; (5.) KwaZulu-Natal. - July 1998. - VIII,211 S. : zahlr. graph. Darst., Kt., zahlr. Tab., Lit. S. 207-210. - (Development Paper ; 133). - ISBN 1-919692-33-9.; (6.) Mpumalanga. - August 1998. - VIII,185 S. : zahlr. graph. Darst., Kt., zahlr. Tab., Lit. S. 181-184. - (Development Paper ; 134). - ISBN 1-919692-34-7.; (7.) North West. - September 1998. - VIII,181 S. : zahlr. graph. Darst., Kt., zahlr. Tab., Lit. S. 177-179. - (Development Paper ; 135). - ISBN 1-919692-35-5

The drafting and issuing of Development Briefs is the responsibility of the Planning Authority. Such briefs rigorously regularise land uses and related activities within the areas which they cover. This paper investigates the rationale behind the issuance of Development Briefs within the contemporary local planning system. By drawing parallels with the British planning framework, various options are investigated whereby compensation may be sought/demanded due to excessive planning gain requested as part of a Development Brief prepared by the Planning Authority from developers. By way of concluding the argument, reference is made to the provision contained in the Development Planning Act with respect to Governmental involvement in planning decisions. ; peer-reviewed

1984-1986 ... - January 1985. - 252 S. : graph. Darst., Kt., Tab. - 31338S