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An exciting English-language edition which for the first time presents Thomas Hobbes's masterpiece Leviathan alongside two earlier works, The Elements of Law and De Cive. By arranging the three texts side by side, Baumgold offers readers an enhanced understanding of Hobbes's political theory and addresses an important need within Hobbes scholarship. The parallel presentation highlights substantive connections between the texts and makes it easy to trace the development of Hobbes's thinking. Readers can follow developments both at the 'micro' level of specific arguments and at the 'macro' level of the overall scope and organization of the theory. The volume also includes parallel presentations of Hobbes's chapter outlines, which serve as a key to the texts and are collected in a précis appendix

The volume contains 320 letters and enclosures from around 30 correspondences. Four major developments dominate his conversations during these three years and lead to new themes: the astronomical, political, and theological aspects of the 1700 Protestant calendar reform; the newly founded Sozietät der Wissenschaften in Berlin; the discussion on Leibniz's differential calculus, and the controversy with Denis Papin concerning dynamics.

Avalíase o impacto en Galicia da implementación do Programa Operativo para e polo beneficio da I+D+i empresarial-Fondo Tecnolóxico 2007-2013, que constituíu un instrumento singular das políticas de innovación financiado polos Fondos Estruturais da Unión Europea e dirixido ás comunidades autónomas españolas do Obxectivo Converxencia da Unión Europea. A través da análise proposta trátase de identificar o impacto deste Programa plurianual –que mobilizou un importante volume de recursos e cuxa execución se estende ata 2015– na evolución do Sistema Galego de Innovación. Con ese fin analízanse os diferentes tipos de medidas e actuacións financiadas e o seu impacto nos principais indicadores de innovación (creación de capacidades, gasto en investigación e desenvolvemento, solicitude de patentes, persoal en investigación e desenvolvemento, infraestruturas, redes de colaboración, etc.), contrastando os obxectivos perseguidos e os resultados observados. Tamén se analizan aspectos institucionais e organizacionais que inciden no deseño, implementación e xestión das medidas e a súa posible incidencia nos seus efectos (fugas de recursos, dificultades de vertebración, concentración das actividades innovadoras nun número limitado de axentes, etc.). As conclusións extraídas permiten formular recomendacións para o deseño e implementación no territorio doutras políticas de investigación, desenvolvemento e innovación. Palabras ; The aim of this study is to evaluate the implementation and the impact in Galicia of the Operational Programme for the benefit of business, Research, Development & Innovation-Technology Fund 2007-2013, which was a unique instrument of innovation policies financed by the European Union Structural Funds and addressed to the Spanish Autonomous Regions of the European Union Convergence Objective. Through the proposed analysis, we identify the impact of this Multiannual Programme –which mobilised a significant volume of resources and whose execution extends until 2015– on the evolution of the Galician Innovation System. To this end, the different types of measures and actions financed and their impact on the main innovation indicators (capacity building, Research & Development expenditure, patent applications, Research & Development personnel, infrastructures, collaboration networks, etc.) are analysed, contrasting the objectives pursued and the results observed. Institutional and organisational aspects that affect the design, implementation and management of measures and their possible impact on their effects (leakage of resources, vertebration difficulties, concentration of innovative activities in a limited number of agents, etc.) are also analysed. The conclusions make it possible to formulate recommendations for the design and implementation in the territory of other Research & Development & Innovation policies. ; Se evalúa el impacto en Galicia de la implementación del Programa Operativo para y por el beneficio de la I+D+i empresarial- -Fondo Tecnológico 2007-2013, que ha constituido un instrumento singular de las políticas de innovación financiado por los Fondos Estructurales de la Unión Europea y dirigido a las comunidades autónomas españolas del Objetivo Convergencia de la Unión Europea. A través del análisis propuesto se trata de identificar el impacto de este Programa plurianual –que ha movilizado un importante volumen de recursos y cuya ejecución se extiende hasta 2015– en la evolución del Sistema Gallego de Innovación. Con ese fin se analizan los diferentes tipos de medidas y actuaciones financiadas y su impacto en los principales indicadores de innovación (creación de capacidades, gasto en investigación y desarrollo, solicitud de patentes, personal en investigación y desarrollo, infraestructuras, redes de colaboración, etc.), contrastando los objetivos perseguidos y los resultados observados. También se analizan aspectos institucionales y organizacionales que inciden en el diseño, implementación y gestión de las medidas y su posible incidencia en sus efectos (fugas de recursos, dificultades de vertebración, concentración de las actividades innovadoras en un número limitado de agentes, etc.). Las conclusiones extraídas permiten formular recomendaciones para el diseño e implementación en el territorio de otras políticas de investigación, desarrollo e innovación.

In November 2002, the oil tanker Prestige caused a catastrophic oil spill off the coast of Galicia in northwestern Spain. This article discusses the oil spill & the sociopolitical movement that arose from it, Never Again. The analysis begins with an overview of the Galician political system & a chronology of the oil spill & its environmental consequences. The discussion then moves on to the birth of Never Again, with an analysis of its organization, internal debates, & action plans. The development of the movement to the present time is traced, with an analysis of the social & political alliances it has formed, including a discussion of many of the citizens' groups that work with Never Again. The article takes a close look at the political consequences of the movement's work, particularly within the context of the Galician & Spanish political systems. Tables, References. R. Young

In the mid- to late-1930s, while he was a student at the Gregorian University in Rome, Bernard Lonergan wrote a series of eight essays on the philosophy and theology of history. These essays foreshadow a number of the major themes in his life's work. The significance of these essays is enormous, not only for an understanding of the later trajectory of Lonergan's own work but also for the development of a contemporary systematic theology. In an important entry from 1965 in his archival papers, Lonergan wrote that the "mediated object" of systematics is Geschichte or the history that is lived and written about. In the same entry, he stated that the "doctrines" that this systematic theology would attempt to understand are focused on "redemption." The seeds of such a theology are planted in the current volume, where the formulae that are so pronounced in his later work first appear. Students of Lonergan's work will find their understanding of his philosophy profoundly affected by the essays in this volume

Das legislative Wirken Konstantins des Großen auf dem Gebiet des Privatrechts steht in dem Ruf, mit der bis zu Diokletian fortgeführten Tradition des klassischen römischen Rechts zu brechen. Der Vergleich der Rechtssetzung beider Kaiser leidet freilich unter einer erheblichen Asymmetrie der Überlieferung, weil von Diokletian vorwiegend Reskripte, von Konstantin dagegen nur allgemeine Gesetze erhalten sind. Während jene die gesamte Privatrechtsordnung abbilden, sind diese auf punktuelle Neuerungen beschränkt und vermitteln keinen Überblick über das zu Konstantins Zeit geltende Recht. Lässt es sich daher auch nicht in seiner Gesamtheit rekonstruieren, kann man in den Konstitutionen Konstantins doch gewisse übergreifende Züge ausmachen. Hervorstechend sind einerseits das Bemühen um die Verwirklichung der rechtsgeschäftlichen Absicht als Erscheinungsform einer dogmatisch konsequenten Rechtsfortbildung, die ungeachtet ihrer rhetorischen Verbrämung in Konstantins Gesetzgebung vorherrscht. Andererseits stoßen wir auf das gegenläufige Streben nach Rechtssicherheit als dominierendes Element unter den politisch motivierten Entscheidungen. Konstantin wird dabei nicht zugunsten der beteiligten Privatrechtssubjekte, sondern allein im öffentlichen Interesse an Vermeidung und Beschleunigung von Rechtsstreitigkeiten tätig. / »Utilitas Constantiniana. Private Law Legislation at the Beginning of the Fourth Century« -- The legislative work of Constantine the Great in the area of private law has the repute of breaking with the tradition of classical Roman law continued up to Diocletian. The comparison of the legislation of both emperors suffers, though, from the asymmetry of the transmission, because only regular laws with selective innovations by Constantine have been preserved. Nevertheless, one can identify overarching traits: on the one hand, the effort to realise the intention behind legal transactions as part of a dogmatically consistent further development of the law, on the other hand, the opposing striving for legal certainty as the dominant element among the politically motivated decisions.

Manetti's Latin treatise Adversus Iudaeos et Gentes (Against the Jews and Gentiles) offers a polemical defense of the Christian religion. This volume, which includes the first four books,surveys human history from the Creation to the life,teaching, and resurrection of Christ. Book I begins with the creation and fall of man in the Biblical account. There follows a long digression adversus gentes (the Gentiles, i.e., pagans), which reviews central points of ancient Greek and Roman philosophy and religion, and censures the ancients for their senseless doctrines and bloody rites. Manetti then returns to the Jews, whose beliefs and practices are praised from Abraham to Moses. During their centuries of "true" piety, Manetti calls the chosen people "Hebrews." But from the time of the Exodus onwards, he censures them as "Jews" because they observe the absurd and cruel practices of Pentateuchal legislation, which he views as analogous to pagan rites. Manetti stresses several themes in Jewish history: the early development of the concept of righteousness, the Exodus, the Mosaic Law and its inadequacy--thus providing a "preparation for the Gospel" in Eusebius' sense. The next three books provide a synoptic biography of Jesus in three stages. Book II describes the life of Christ up to the raising of Lazarus; Book III relates his teaching, and Book IV offers an account of Christ's passion, death, and resurrection.--

"René Descartes's Regulae ad directionem ingenii ('Rules for the Direction of the Understanding') is his earliest surviving philosophical treatise, and in many respects his most puzzling text. It is a profoundly original work with few intellectual precursors, and offers the fullest account anywhere in Descartes's work of his theory of method. Yet Descartes left it unfinished, and unpublished, at his death in 1650. The versions currently known to modern readers are all posthumous: a manuscript copied for Leibniz in the late seventeenth century, a Dutch translation of 1684, and the version printed in 1701 in Amsterdam. As a result, the details and date of its composition, its fragmentary, unfinished state, and its philosophical content have long puzzled scholars. The discovery by Richard Serjeantson in 2011 of a previously unknown, early manuscript draft of the Regulae in Cambridge University Library was a hugely significant event in Cartesian scholarship. This edition presents the Cambridge manuscript of the Regulae alongside the 1701 Amsterdam version of the text to allow comparison between the early manuscript draft and the version best-known to modern readers, together with a full English translations of both texts. It is also the first critical edition of the Regulae to take into account the full range of textual witnesses to the text, both manuscript and printed. The new Cambridge manuscript sheds important light on the composition, date, and philosophical content of the Regulae, and will provoke scholars to rethink key questions about Descartes's early philosophical development

Neste artigo analizamos o impacto que ten a identidade cultural e a autonomía política na capacidade das rexións europeas para desenvolver o sector das industrias creativas e culturais. En primeiro lugar, facemos unha recompilación da literatura existente sobre os factores clave para explicar a aglomeración das ditas industrias. En segundo lugar, presentamos as nosas hipóteses sobre o efecto da identidade propia nas industrias culturais e creativas. A continuación, mostramos catro modelos econométricos que relacionan estes conceptos no caso das rexións europeas. Finalmente, expoñemos as principais conclusións do traballo, que poden resumirse na existencia dun impacto positivo da identidade propia no desenvolvemento das industrias creativas e culturais nas rexións europeas. ; In this paper we analyse the impact that cultural identity and political autonomy have on the ability of European regions to develop the sector of creative and cultural industries. Firstly, we have compiled a collection of existing literature on key factors to explain the agglomeration of these industries. Secondly, we introduce our hypotheses about the effect of regional identity on creative and cultural industries. Next, we consider four econometric models that relate these concepts in the case of European regions. Finally, we expose the main conclusions of the work that can be summed up as the existence of a positive impact of regional identity on the development of creative and cultural industries in the European regions. ; En este artículo analizamos el impacto que tiene la identidad cultural y la autonomía política en la capacidad de las regiones europeas para desarrollar el sector de las industrias creativas y culturales. En primer lugar, hacemos una recopilación de la literatura existente sobre los factores clave para explicar la aglomeración de dichas industrias. En segundo lugar, presentamos nuestras hipótesis sobre el efecto de la identidad propia en las industrias culturales y creativas. A continuación, mostramos cuatro modelos econométricos que relacionan estos conceptos en el caso de las regiones europeas. Finalmente, exponemos las principales conclusiones del trabajo, que pueden resumirse en la existencia de un impacto positivo de la identidad propia en el desarrollo de las industrias creativas y culturales en las regiones europeas.

Nos últimos 30 anos o sector agrario e o complexo agroalimentario galego tiveron que afrontar profundas mudanzas no seu marco de funcionamento como consecuencia dos cambios nos mercados, nas políticas e nas demandas da sociedade. Nese contexto o sector deu mostras nalgúns aspectos dun notable dinamismo e capacidade de resposta. Como exemplos cabe mencionar a expansión da produción láctea, que permitiu que Galicia se consolidara entre as dez primeiras rexións leiteiras da UE, ou o desenvolvemento de producións diferenciadas e de calidade principalmente no vacún de carne e no viño. No referido á tecnoloxía produtiva, o sector agrario mantivo un elevado esforzo investidor que, unido ao acelerado axuste da man de obra, posibilitou que o enorme atraso do que partía na dotación de capital por traballador fora superado. Tal esforzo investidor permitiu tamén a consolidación dun segmento de explotacións profesionais medianas, aínda minoritario, pero que constitúe xa o núcleo produtivo do sector. Porén, a pesar dos avances, o complexo agroalimentario segue presentando aquí fortes deficiencias, especialmente en dous aspectos: os déficits estruturais na base territorial das explotacións e nos usos da terra, e a debilidade da agroindustria. Estas deficiencias provocaron que nas tres últimas décadas se ampliara o saldo negativo da balanza agroalimentaria. ; In the last 30 years, the Galician agricultural and agri-food sector has had to face deep changes in its operating environment, as a result of changes in markets, policies and societal demands. In that context, the sector has shown in some aspects a remarkable dynamism and response capacity. Examples include the growth of milk production, which allowed Galicia to consolidate its position among the top ten dairy regions of the EU, or the development of differentiated and quality productions, mainly in beef and wine. With regard to production technology, the agricultural sector maintained a high investment effort which, coupled with the accelerated decrease in labor, made it possible to correct the low rate of capital per worker. This investment effort also allowed the consolidation of a set of medium-sized professional holdings, still minority in number but already the productive core of the sector. However, despite the advances, the agri-food chain continues to register strong deficiencies, especially in two aspects: structural deficits in the land base of farms and land uses, and the weakness of the agroindustry. Deficiencies that have caused an increase in the deficit of the agri-food trade balance in the last three decades. ; En los últimos 30 años el sector agrario y el complejo agroalimentario gallego han tenido que afrontar profundas transformaciones en su marco de funcionamiento como consecuencia de los cambios en los mercados, las políticas y las demandas de la sociedad. En ese contexto el sector ha dado muestras en algunos aspectos de un notable dinamismo y capacidad de respuesta. Como ejemplos cabe mencionar la expansión de la producción láctea, que ha permitido que Galicia se consolidara entre las 10 primeras regiones lácteas de la UE, o el desarrollo de producciones diferenciadas y de calidad, principalmente en el vacuno de carne y el vino. En lo que respecta a la tecnología productiva, el sector agrario ha mantenido un elevado esfuerzo inversor que, unido al acelerado ajuste de la mano de obra, hizo posible que el enorme retraso del que partía en la dotación de capital por trabajador fuese superado. Tal esfuerzo inversor ha permitido también la consolidación de un segmento de explotaciones profesionales medianas, aún minoritario, pero que constituye ya el núcleo productivo del sector. Sin embargo, a pesar de los avances, el complejo agroalimentario sigue presentando aquí fuertes deficiencias, especialmente en dos aspectos: los déficits estructurales en la base territorial de las explotaciones y en los usos de la tierra, y la debilidad de la agroindustria. Estas deficiencias han provocado que en las últimas tres décadas se ampliara el saldo negativo de la balanza agroalimentaria.