At head of title: 96th Congress, 1st session. Committee print. August 1979. ; Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (as amended by Public Law 93-516, Public Law 94-230, and Public Law 95-602) -- Mental Retardation Facilities and Community Health Centers Construction Act of 1963 (as amended by Public Laws 90-170, 91-517, 94-103, and 95-602). ; Mode of access: Internet.
Provides details for each individual institution under these departments. ; Covers period December 1, 1975-November 30, 1977. ; Mode of access: Internet.
"XD-3"--Cover. ; "Prepared by Diana Gibb and Barbara Cohn"--P. 2 of cover. ; "January 1981"--Cover. ; "A Clearinghouse publication for the Federal Executive Development Community"--P. 2 of cover. ; Mode of access: Internet.
"XD-3"--Cover. ; "Prepared by Diana Gibb and Barbara Cohn"--P. 2 of cover. ; "A Clearinghouse publication for the Federal Executive Development Community"--P. 2 of cover. ; "August 1980"--Cover. ; Mode of access: Internet.
Includes Dept. of Mental Health and Developmental Disabilities, Children and Family Services, Public Health and Veterans' Affairs. ; Covers period July 1, 1977 to June 30, 1979. ; Mode of access: Internet.
Preempted in 1972 from enforcing its laws and regulations pertaining to employee safety and health by the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (OSHA), Virginia resumed enforcement activities on January 1, 1977, implementing, pursuant to the provisions of the Federal Act, a unique developmental State Plan. Virginia's resumption of enforcement activity in the area of job safety and health culminated a difficult four-year effort by the legislative and executive branches of Virginia government to gain recognition from the United States Department of Labor that her regulations and the method for enforcing the regulations were "at least as effective" as the provisions of the Federal Act.
Not Available ; For planning developmental programmes in marine fisheries sector, the information such as the number of fishing villages, landing centres, fishermen population, active fishermen, fishing crafts and gears in the maritime states of India is a prerequisite. The National Commission on Agriculture emphasized in its recommendation that CMFRI should conduct quinquennial census in order to update the inventory of fishing resources available in the coastal villages with the help of State Governments. The enumeration work was conducted during May-July 1980 in the maritime states of West Bengal, Orissa, AndhraPradesh, TamilNadu, Kerala, Karnataka, Gujarat and the two Union Territories of Pondicherry and Goa. Over 2,000 marine fishing villages were visited and census data collected as per the village and household schedules through house-to-house canvassing ; Not Available
The nation of Nigeria, located in sub-Saharan West Africa, was considered one of the former European colonies possessing the potentials after its independence in 1960 to develop itself as both a viable political as well as economic system. The attributes so often identified with such successful developmental efforts of nations in the past--abundant human and natural resources--were the positive factors political scientists and economists considered as being of primary importance if the full potentials of Nigeria were to be realized. However, the road towards the economic and political development of Nigeria has not been an easy one due to several mitigating factors, including the colonial heritage of that nation, the prevalence of ethnic divisions within its economic and political institutions, and the misallocation of resources and priorities in the developmental schemes since independence. The height of the ethnic divisions culminated in the attempted secession of the Eastern state in 1965 which was followed by five years of civil war with the result that although the physical boundaries of the nation were preserved, the military felt it necessary to intervene in the political process with the result that it has been military men who have directed the subsequent development efforts within Nigeria since 1970. The concern of this paper is in evaluating the military regimes of the 1970s within Nigeria as agents of development, to try and to determine if in effect economic and political development has taken place throughout the decade, keeping in mind the close correlations between the two areas of development as espoused by several social scientists, most prominently Seymour Lipset. The primary orientation of the paper is towards the economic development plans of the 1970s and how effectively they have been at improving the Nigerian economic system with an emphasis on economic development as merely opposed to economic growth. Thus what data was studied was that concerned with the creation of the economic infrastructures considered so essential as conduits of economic development as well as the other infrastructures such as education, transportation, and communications, which also serve as promoters of both economic as well as political development. The conclusions reached upon researching the economic data and the implementation of the three economic development programs since Nigerian independence were that while significant economic development has occurred, particularly during the 1970s, serious problems remain. The overestimation of petroleum as a sole financer of the economic development schemes of the nation initially caused tremendous overspending by the governments, and agricultural production has steadily declined to the point where Nigeria must now import one billion dollars worth of basic foodstuffs annually, yet only thirty percent of its arable land is presently under cultivation. Shortages in highly-skilled manpower prevails as does a lack of administrative and managerial personnel. The transportation infrastructure needs extensive updating and suffers from a combination of maladies including a lack of capital investments as well as poor management. It does appear that the military regime which seized power in a bloodless coup in 1975 was more in tune with the real needs and capabilities of the Nigerian economic system and the last five years have seen a more realistic approach towards economic planning. Industrialization is taking place and more investments are being steered towards agriculture and education, although a disproportionate share of the annual budgets are devoted towards military spending. Inflation rates have been cut in half and because of Nigeria's vast oil deposits, the nation remains in a fairly good position in the international trading arena. The political development of the nation also appears to have taken place with the scheduled return to a civilian government with the election in September, 1979. While many social scientists have adopted a jaundiced view of past promises by military men to return to the barracks, survey data does indicate that since 1967 there has been a conscious effort by the military to incorporate civilians into top-level administrative and decision making positions, and in fact, military men occupy only the very top level political positions at the federal level and the governorships at the state levels. Whether the transfer to a civilian government occurs smoothly will probably depend more on the continued prevalence of ethnicity in both economic as well as political institutions than on any preference by the military to remain in power. The potentialities of the Nigerian nation remain very considerable, but whether true economic and political development has occurred in the 1970s, and how effective the military has been as the agents of those developmental efforts, will be easier to evaluate if and when a civilian government has had its own opportunity to pursue further developmental schemes in the ensuing years following the September elections.
Problem. While large organizations such as federal and state governments and large commercial corporations have expended their resources to take advantage of communication satellites, private organizations with more modest means have not been provided with a plan for utilization of this new technology. The purpose of this study was to design a model for development of a telecommunications network which private organizations could use to create their own telecommunications satellite networks. Literature was reviewed to provide a perspective of the history and development of satellite technology. Two telecommunication networks already in operation by private organizations were visited and a report about these networks provided concrete aspects of inter-connect systems. A model for the development of a satellite network was then recommended with specific notes on potential areas of operation and administration. The model was validated by a jury, a panel of experts in the field of satellite communications, who provided comments with their evaluations. Conclusion. Telecommunication satellite networks were shown to be successfully operated in two private organizations and are known to be in a developmental stage at others. A simple step-by-step procedure, as recommended in this study, would be helpful to other organizations interested in developing a network. The Seventh-day Adventist Church, object of this model, with its multi-faceted operation of administrative offices, schools, hospitals, printing plants, food factories, broadcast stations, emergency preparedness units, and approximately 3000 local churches in the United States could benefit from having a telecommunications network and should commence plans for developing an Adventist Telecommunications Network.
Rural citizens in developing countries are becoming the focal point of social, economic and political development efforts. These people traditionally have been left out of the developmental process. National leaders have now realized that the citizens of rural areas have the potential to contribute significantly to developmental efforts of their nations. One important part of most developing nations' strategies for social and economic development is education. The principal form of education has been that of formal education, the trappings of which were borrowed from the nations' former colonial masters. The education systems increasingly have been seen as working against national development objectives, particularly in rural areas. Educational planners and policymakers have found an alternative in non-formal education, whereby rural people theoretically obtain the skills, knowledge, and attitudes necessary to initiate their own development projects. However, developing nations lack the human, financial, and material resources needed to concurrently offer both formal and non-formal education programs. Outside funding sources have been sought pursuant to United States foreign policy. The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) has given impetus to experiments in non-formal education in some 60 countries of Africa, Asia, the Middle East, and Latin America. The purpose of this dissertation is to examine relationships between education and rural community development, particularly as these relationships have been reported in underdeveloped nations. The methods of inquiry involved: 1. a substantive analysis and synthesis of the development literature, and 2. a detailed case study of non-formal education and rural development in Jamaica. The dissertation develops a thesis, namely that three general relationships may be observed between education and rural development. They are: 1. Formal education is intended to raise rural children to literacy and productivity in the development of their native areas. Instead, it tends to raise students' expectations towards employment in urban centers, thus bleeding rural areas of trained skills. Formal education has become an entrenched system both as a monopoly of central government bureaucracy, and as the one road recognized by rural adults as leading to a better life. There is a conflict between expectation and delivery, complicated by lack of realistic means for appraisal and change. 2. Alternatively, certain forms of non-formal education may hold promise for improving the quality of living in the rural areas of developing nations; however, the conditions necessary for a definitive test of non-formal education in rural community development are not likely to be developed under the sponsorship of the education establishment of the developing nations, even when such test is stimulated and heavily supported by outside agencies such as the United States Agency for International Development. 3. Moreover, the idiosyncratic policies, organization, and funding practices of USAID, the principal source of financial aid for development projects among developing nations, themselves influence the design and outcome of development projects in ways that mitigate against successful development. Clearly, this poses a dilemma for those governments that seek to develop their rural areas. Traditional institutions and programs have been used to improve conditions in rural areas. Yet these very institutions and programs may be part of the development problems. International development literature is replete with theoretical and promising new programs that cannot be fairly tested. There is no indication that national governments could or would assimilate these programs into standard practice, moreover, the status quo is supported by rural populations. ; Ed. D.
The problem is a study of economic development of Thailand during the first six-year plan (1961-1966). An attempt is made to answer the following questions: 1. what have been the principle dynamic forces for economic development throughout this period? 2. What have been the obstacles and impediments to such growth? 3. What should be the developmental strategies for future growth? Due to the fact that non-economic factors and historical patterns of economic development are of great importance to a nation's economic development, it is advisable to study some of these aspects. The methods used to carry on the study are divided into five parts. The first is a general description of non-economic factors such as social, political, institutional features. The second is a study of historical patterns of economic development. The third and fourth parts are analysis of economic performances during the first development plan. The final part pertains to the strategies for future growth. In more recent years the pace of economic development in Thailand has been accelerated by an increase of agricultural exports and by the institution of parliamentary planning. In spite of the favorable development, it remains true that the expansion of Thai manufacturing is not impressive. The writer believes that emphasis upon education, training, financial reforms and state enterprises will be the possible approach to solve these problems.
After World War II the revival of the spirit of nationalism led to the emergence of many new states. Freed from the colonial domination, the new states were keenly interested in developing their societies as fast as possible. Many problems stand in the way of development. These problems are the problems of stability, unity, integration and socioeconomic problems. This study is concerned about the problems of political development in Bangladesh, which came into existence in 1971, as a result of the problems of of national integration in Pakistan. This study identifies some problems which stand in the way of political development in Bangladesh. These problems are: (1) the problems of integration, (2) the problems of unity and stability, (3) the lack of well-organized political parties, (4) the problems of bureaucracy, and (5) socio-economic problems. After the creation of Bangladesh it was assumed that there would be no problem of integration in Bangladesh. But an analysis of the political situations will show that problems of integration still remain, though in different character, such as the lack of integration between the elites and the mass, the lack of integrative ideology, the separatist tendency in the tribal people, etc. Absence of stability is creating problems in the effective undertaking of any developmental plan. The chief causes of instability are: factionalism, frustration of the people, threat of India, loss of charisma, etc. Too many political parties with too many ideologies stand in the way of creating a stable government. The parties do not have any organizational basis, and are based on the personality of the leader. The parties are not effective in aggregating the peoples' demands and grievances. The lack of balance in the role of the bureaucracy is also a problem. On the one hand, if the bureaucrats are given more power, they hinder the growth of political institutions. On the other hand, if they are given less power, they play an inactive role hindering the execution of policies. Bangladesh suffers from both the problems of bureaucracy. The most pre-dominant problems which hamper political development in Bangladesh are socio-economic problems. The population problem, food problem, and unemployment create mass frustrations causing instability and disunity within the country. The attachment to the traditional values hinders the way of change. This study analyzes in detail all these problems and how they stand in the way of political development.
