Reducing the state to a series of operational procedures & managerial tools is a characteristic trait of institutional reform programs sponsored by the World Bank & other international financial organizations. After acknowledging the relevance & specificity of public management & administrative issues as well as the need to enhance policy tools, the article points to the articulation between these reform proposals & political & developmental goals that derive from recent changes in power relations among social actors at both the national & international levels. 51 References. Adapted from the source document.
Even though Latin America & the Asian Pacific nations have taken different developmental paths, Latin America is now poised to take advantage of the dynamic growth of the Asian Pacific, with Chile enjoying a privileged geographical position. Connections between the two regions have been formed on three axes -- the state, trade, & academia -- & after September 11, 2001, there is a security reason to connect. Economic conditions in the People's Republic of China, Japan, & Chile, & the relationship between China & Japan are discussed. Chile needs to build up its existing networks with the Pacific Rim, especially cultural ones, to increase exchange & trade & benefit from the Pacific Rim successes. Adapted from the source document.
En la actualidad, los países en desarrollo, entre los que se encuentra Ecuador, necesitan mejorar sus ingresos y productividad, con el fin de eliminar la pobreza de un modo que sea ambiental y socialmente sostenible. A medida que los países pobres pasan a una situación de más holgura, el aumento de la productividad implica un cambio hacia actividades no agrícolas, y este dicho cambio presiona sobre los bienes ambientales y sociales. De ahí se deriva que se haya tomado conciencia de la importancia que tiene el desarrollo sostenible y el interesante papel que en él puede jugar el turismo, al ser un sector económico con un gran dinamismo y motor del crecimiento de muchos países. La búsqueda de alternativas al turismo tradicional ha llevado a explorar destinos turísticos con ecosistemas que, en muchos casos, presentan gran fragilidad y corren el riesgo de una rápida e irreversible degradación. Muchos de los países en vías de desarrollo han comenzado a variar su percepción del turismo como un medio para mejorar el nivel de vida y han dejado de considerar un lujo la preocupación por los problemas medioambientales. Efectivamente, estos problemas se han convertido en un tema central en las políticas de desarrollo turístico. El turismo ha crecido tanto que se ha convertido en una de las industrias más importantes del mundo y cada vez se está relacionando más con temas como el desarrollo, la globalización, la justicia económica, los derechos a la tierra y a la cultura, y los derechos de las sociedades indígenas y otros grupos, esto es, el turismo está teniendo una gran trascendencia. En Ecuador, la actividad turística está jugando un papel muy importante en los últimos años y se encuentra entre las primeras actividades económicas generadoras de ingresos. Desde hace varias décadas, el gobierno de Ecuador tomó conciencia de su importancia e inició el desarrollo de una legislación cada vez más completa sobre el turismo. Ecuador, país de la Comunidad Andina, posee, a pesar de su escaso nivel económico, una sorprendente naturaleza con una elevada biodiversidad. Esta, junto con sus diversas culturas, constituye un potencial turístico de primer orden en aventura, arte, cultura y naturaleza, características que permite desarrollar importantes proyectos de ecoturismo. At this time, developing countries such as Ecuador, need to improve their revenues and productivity in order to eradicate poverty by means of environmental and socially sustainable policies. Developing countries face a frail economic environment, the increase of their productivity implies a change into non agricultural activities which means a depletion of their natural resources and an alteration of their social stability. Due to this current situation, the international community highlights the need for further progress in taking conscience of the importance of sustainable development and the interesting roll that tourism could play in it. Indeed, tourism is a dynamic economic sector which is currently reanimating the economy of a lot of countries. Looking for different options to traditional tourism, the impact of alternative tourist destinations are exhausting ecosystems which are weak and with a high risk of irreversible degradation in short time. Many developing countries have already considered tourism as the main economic activity that could improve their level of life. In this context, environmental problems that were before in second place have become the central issue of tourism developmental policies. In the last decade, tourism activity has been rapidly growing in such a way that has become one of the most important industries in the world. Therefore, tourism has currently a great transcendence concerning development, globalization, fair trade, land rights, right to culture, rights of indigenous communities and other groups. At the Andean Community, all member states are warning about their biodiversity and as a response are taking measures in order to protect their natural resources. In this context, the biodiversity of Ecuador constitutes a prospect tourism activity with a range of possibilities, such as tourism of nature, adventure, art or culture. Therefore, in Ecuador the tourism activity is playing an important role, due to that it is one of the most important economic activities in terms of revenue. For several decades, the Ecuador government has been taking conscience of its importance and in order to protect their natural resources he has drawn up a comprehensive master plan for sustainable tourism policy, in which a completed legal framework has been set up.
