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This Special Issue on Economics and Labour is divided into two sections. It pairs contributions on current economic development with three articles presented at a conference marking 50 years since the Durban Strikes of 1973. That said, all of the authors reflect widely on history and on immediate challenges, both for South Africa and the continent at large.

The End of the Developmental State? brings together leading scholars of development to assess the current status of the ""developmental state"" in several developing and transitional economies of South Korea, Taiwan, Ireland, the United Kingdom, China, South Africa, Brazil and India. Has the concept of the developmental state become outmoded? These authors would suggest not. However, they do argue that the historical trajectories of developmental states in Asia, Latin America, Africa and Europe suggest all too clearly that the concept must be re-examined critically and creatively. The range an

The End of the Developmental State? brings together leading scholars of development to assess the current status of the ""developmental state"" in several developing and transitional economies of South Korea, Taiwan, Ireland, the United Kingdom, China, South Africa, Brazil and India. Has the concept of the developmental state become outmoded? These authors would suggest not. However, they do argue that the historical trajectories of developmental states in Asia, Latin America, Africa and Europe suggest all too clearly that the concept must be re-examined critically and creatively.

A developmental state is both a theoretical construct and a description of the political economy of certain nations, primarily in East Asia, over a specified time period. Theoretically, a developmental state is a particular type of state with a high degree of autonomy and solid institutional competence, allowing it to undertake a series of effective state-interventionist policies in pursuit of developmental objectives. Statism and state autonomy underpin the conceptual framework of the developmental state. The developmental state defied the neoclassical orthodoxy in development economics. Despite lacking the attributes of the mainstream neoclassical consensus in development economics and facing an uphill battle from such institutions, developmental states in various regions of the world have achieved high levels of economic growth. This study seeks to investigate the developmental state trajectories of Mauritius in relation to vital elements of developmental states. In an effort to do so, this study poses the following question: "What accounts for Mauritius' development state success in Africa?". By looking at the link between institutional building and economic performance, the study finds that Mauritius has replicated key developmental state institutions, including embedded and autonomous bureaucracy, making it one of Africa's most successful developmental states.

ABSTRACT The article lists as a hypothesis that the concept of Developmental State has recently undergone variations and needs to be revisited and updated, but not discarded; on the contrary, it remains extremely important nowadays. In order to test its hypothesis, the article adopted as a technical-methodological procedure a systematic approach of bibliographic sources, intending to conduct a State-of-the-Art Study about the Theory and the concept of the Developmental State. The results obtained were that the concept of Developmental State remains elementary, but it has become more complex, intricate, aggregated and dynamic. The article dares, therefore, to present a new concept of Developmental State.

ABSTRACTBefore the 1980s, the mainstream Western prescription for developing countries to catch up with the West assigned the state a leading role in governing the market. In the 1980s, this shifted to a framework‐providing role in a largely deregulated and maximally open economy. Also in the 1980s, it became apparent that some East Asian capitalist economies were growing so fast that they would become 'developed' in the foreseeable future, marking them out as completely exceptional. Mainstream economists explained their success as the result of following the Western prescription, while other scholars attributed this rapid growth to 'the developmental state'. This essay compares these two explanations of successful economic development, concluding in favour of the latter — with respect to the catch‐up decades. But what happened subsequently? Several scholars who accept the key role of the developmental state in the early period of fast industrialization in East Asia now argue that South Korea, Taiwan and Singapore have transformed from developmental to close‐to‐neoliberal states. This contribution argues that the erstwhile East Asian developmental states have indeed changed, but they have not transformed into neoliberal states. Rather they have adapted and evolved, but still undertake market‐steering, 'societal mission' roles well beyond neoliberal limits. The essay also suggests how other developing countries can learn lessons from their experience.

This paper proposes a new approach to the classification of Developmental States (DS) based on their public efforts to foster human development. We conceptualize DS within a multidimensional framework that includes three main dimensions (economic, social and democratic), and run a hierarchical cluster analysis for 112 countries in order to build a multidimensional taxonomy of DS. We propose a countryclassification and characterize three country-groups with different developmental public efforts: i) the human development States; ii) the unbalanced developmental States and iii) the non-developmental States. Our multidimensional taxonomy offers a more complex understanding of the variety of public efforts devoted to promote human development, thus overcoming the restricted –economical– conception of DS, which is mainly focused to the East Asian region

The developmental state has become a popular definition used to discuss the "China Model". Based on the developmental state, various definitions have originated. Concepts such as new developmental states and neo-developmentalism are widely applied to describe Chinese development. This paper summarizes representative opinions in examining China from the perspective of the developmental state, and reevaluates the specificity and characteristics of the Chinese developmental state in terms of structural dynamism. We believe that the developmental state as a concept is not precisely defined. Instead, its application and extension must incorporate considerations of historical specificity and subject continuity. Considering such initial constraints as politics, economics, and military conditions, China differs significantly from other classic examples of East Asian developmental states. Consequently, China would also face different developmental paths, directions, corresponding policies, and measures from those of other developmental states. The East Asian experiences of developmental states only offer limited scope for reference. Still, in terms of effective integration between markets, governments, and societies, their experiences and lessons prove worthy for consideration and reflection.

Cover -- Title page -- Copyright page -- Words of Praise for Towards a Democratic Developmental State -- Contents -- About the Authors -- Foreword -- Acknowledgements -- 1. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK - TOWARDS DEMOCRATIC DEVELOPMENTAL STATES IN SOUTHERN AFRICA -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Developmental States in Historical Perspective -- 2.1 The East Asian experience -- 2.2 The importance of the colonial legacy and income inequality -- 2.3 The nature and capacity of developmental states -- 2.4 Key policy strategies of developmental states -- 3.0 Democratic Developmental States in the twenty-first century and Africa -- 3.1 Expanded space for debate about developmental approaches -- 3.2 Relevance for today: from the 'developmental state' to the 'democratic developmental state' -- 4. The Structural Roots of Un- and Under-Employ-ment, Inequality and Poverty in Southern Africa: The Need for a Developmental Intervention -- 5. Terms of reference of the century case studies -- 6. Structure of the Book -- References -- 2. THE STATE IN SOUTHERN AFRICA: A CASE FOR PLACING WOMEN AT THE CENTRE -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Historical background: A Heritage of Inequality and Marginalisation -- 3. Current status of Women and Girls -- 3.1 Women's socio-economic status: the least improved in the last decades -- 3.1.1 Women's access to land: a matter of life and death for many women -- 3.1.2 Limited access to other natural resources -- 3.1.3 Women's 'informalised' economic lives -- 3.1.4 Women have become the social safety nets -- 3.2 Women's political situation: no space to engage meaningfully -- 3.3 Access to justice: is separation of powers enough? -- 3.4 The state of women's movements -- 4. Structural Transformation Needed as a Lever to Pull Women to the Centre -- 4.1 The dynamics of power and privilege in the region -- 4.1.1 Power to: bringing one's agency to bear.

In 1997, several of Asia's economies collapsed and the international community was called in to help mend the ailing region. The crisis attracted a great deal of attention among both the scholarly and policy communities. At that time, it seemed that the Asian miracle had come to an abrupt end. Places such as South Korea enjoyed a prosperous run though suffered a dubious demise. Later developers in Southeast Asia and China, having just emerged from out of the starting gate, quickly stalled in their attempts to ride the wave of Asia's postwar economic dynamism. Fortunately, things would not remain dour for too long. Some countries, such as Taiwan and Japan, made it through the crisis relatively unscathed. Both China and South Korea quickly rebounded. Southeast Asian countries, such as Malaysia, Indonesia, and Thailand, adapted and have consequently begun new growth trajectories. In the end, it seemed that the most severe and lasting casualty of the 1997 crisis was the East Asian developmental state model itself. To be sure, the more recent literatures on East Asian political economy have taken a sharp turn, wherein terms like "booty capitalism" and "crony capitalism" have quickly come to replace more laudatory titles such as the "East Asian Miracle."

This book is an open invitation to the enterprise of re-imagining an alternative decolonial development project in Africa. It does this by focusing on the triple themes of African agency, development finance, and African developmental states in the context of an emerging multipolar world system. The book must be read as an affirmatively disruptive inquiry into the twin evils of global coloniality and global capitalist economic relations that have kept Africa on the lower rungs of the global pecking order, thereby preventing the rooting of an alternative development paradigm on the continent. As such, the book seeks to contribute towards the project of extricating the financing of development in Africa from the clutches of the Global North and the emerging powers of the Global South. In this way, it is a call for Afro-rebellion against the old and new forms of global coloniality and global capitalism. While the book is of major interest to scholars and students of African Studies, Development Studies, International Development Cooperation, International Relations, International Trade and Investment, Diplomacy, AfricaChina Relations, and Political Science, it is equally meant for the general reader as it assumes no prior knowledge in any of the field of enquiry other than interest in the development of the African continent. Gorden Moyo is Senior Lecturer at Lupane State University, Zimbabwe. He is also Founder of an independent think tankthe Public Policy and Research Institute of Zimbabwe (PPRIZ). He received his Ph. D. in African Leadership Development from the National University of Science and Technology, Zimbabwe. He is Former Minister of State in the Prime Ministers Office, and Former Minister of State Enterprises and Parastatals, Zimbabwe. He has edited three books and published several peer-reviewed journal articles and book chapters.

In the times of discrediting neo-liberalism as the preferred guiding doctrine in economic policy and systemic arrangements, the industrial policy, understood as a set of state interventions to supervise the process of developmental advancements, may come back to the fore as a favoured instrument. It is the East Asian industrial policy which brought by far the most spectacular developmental results in the second half of the twentieth century. In the scholarly literature on the so-called East Asian miracle, this success is explained by the concept of the developmental state. This paper examines the main threads of the East Asian industrial policy and tackles the issue of its contemporary applicability. It starts with the explanation as to why industrial policy as such is becoming more popular. It then examines the history of the formation of the concept of the developmental state. It analyses its most important elements, mainly, the strategy of imitating and innovating, the targeting of industrial sectors for development, the trade policy and the utilisation of subsidies. In conclusion, it is claimed that the provisions of the East Asian industrial policy may well be employed contemporarily, despite the fact that the concept of developmental state is primarily seen as a historical phenomenon.