Suchergebnisse

В статье на примере произведения австрийского писателя XX в. Р. Музиля "Die Portugiesin" («Португалка») исследуется тема «соединения» мужского и женского начал, тема «иного состояния», в котором мужское или «рациоидное», активное, интеллектуальное начало стремится к слиянию с женским, «нерациоидным», пассивным, чувственным. В настоящее время происходит новое осмысление ролевых отношений мужчин и женщин, все чаще поднимается вопрос о гендерной картине нашего общества, которая формируется в сознании людей в том числе под влиянием художественной литературы. Опираясь на аксиологический и антропологический подходы, а также метод общетекстового анализа, комплексного исследования языковых средств, авторы приходят к выводу, что самореализация мужчин и женщин происходит через слияние маскулинного и феминного в паре, приводя к гармонии и единству. Разительный контраст мужского и женского образов в портретной характеристике, действиях и поступках персонажей, психологии поведения по ходу развития сюжета выражен в ярких сравнениях и эпитетах, лексике определенных семантических групп. Несмотря на два полярных способа восприятия одной реальности, желание понять друг друга, чувство любви становится силой, объединяющей противоположности.
The article examines the theme of "connection" of male and female, the theme of "another state", in which the male or "rationoid", active, intellectual principle strives to merge with the female, "non-rational", passive, sensual in the work of the Austrian writer of the 20th century R. Musil "Portuguese". Currently, the role relations of men and women are being reconsidered. The issue of the gender picture of our society (which is also formed in people's minds by fiction) is more often raised. Based on the axiological and anthropological approaches, as well as the method of general textual analysis, integrated study of language means, the authors come to the conclusion that the self-realization of men and women occurs through the merging of the male and female leading to harmony and unity. The striking contrast of the male and female images in the portrait characteristics, actions, and deeds of the characters, the psychology of behavior in the development of the plot is expressed in vivid comparisons and epithets, and in the vocabulary of certain semantic groups. Despite the two polar ways of perception of one reality, the desire to understand each other, the feeling of love become a force that unite the opposites.

The article deals with the logical and theoretical structure of K. Marx's «Capital». In the «Theories of Surplus Value», there is the ascent from the concrete to the abstract in the history of economic thought. This ascent allowed to define the goods as a starting point for the political economy of the capitalist mode of production. But there is no direct way to the economic theory of Marx, whose subject is not the products labour activity, but the material production relations arising during these activities. While researching the goods, Marx uses the «power of abstraction», which allows separating «economic matter» from the «naturally tangible» material basis: use value, concrete labour, etc. An integral system of economic categories is based on the synthesis of natural historical thinking phenomena discovered by Aristotle; Hegel's understanding of purposive activity; specific goals of social production, which are realized in property relations. K. Marx introduces into scientific knowledge the notion of economic progress as a change of social formations. He considers the significance of different models of the division of labour for determining the concept of value. In A. Smith's model, the value is determined a posteriori, after market evaluation of the products or services produced. A unit of measurement is not working time in itself, but economic information on the effectiveness of its use, i.e. money. In the model of K. Marx, the value is determined a priori, in the form of labour costs in the physiological sense. Given a choice, the labour expended receives a marginal evaluation in the form of alternative costs (loss of profits). The meaning of the «absolute, universal law of capitalist accumulation» is identified as a causa finalis, which determines the value of the commodity labour, variable capital, surplus value. I conclude that the development of the dialectics of the topic and the focus of an economic study allows using the method of rational eclecticism if the corresponding material is subject to a subsequent dialectical-materialistic interpretation. © 2018 Economy of Region. All rights reserved.

The article provides a collection of modern views on the socio-cultural globalization in its relationship with glocalization. The author concludes that there is a dialectical interaction between them.

It is the try comparing the Plato's, Plotinus's, Hegel's, Marx-Engels's dialectics systems in the case of the relationship between matter and idea and creation of new thingslead's principle (the circle's move and the opposites' struggle), but both of this systems was had the two principles. There is genetic similarity in the Plato's and Plotinus's, Hegel's and Marx-Engels's dialectics systems. But the Plato's and Hegel's, Plotinus's and Marx-Engels's have matter's similarity: the development in the first system produce by the circles' move, the development in the second system produce by the opposites' struggle. Directly idea goes into matter's and idea's dialectic in Plato's and Hegel's philosophy, but indirectly is it in Plotinus's and Marx-Engels's philosophy (it is thanks to the energy and activity).

The proposed translation of selected fragments of the work of the German philosopher Ernst Bloch "The Heritage of Our Times" is devoted to the temporal characteristics of various social groups of German society at the beginning of the 20th century. The first fundamental concept in these characteristics is the concept of non-simultaneity considered in different aspects. Second, it is the concept of heritage as a set of economic, political, cultural, mental elements of the past that remained in German society of the 1930s. Bloch showed the impact of these elements o on the life of the middle class (peasants, craftsmen, small-scale urban bourgeoisie). In Bloch's view, the fact that the Nazis used these elements in their propaganda explains the popularity of Nazism in Germany. The author also forwards the characteristic of Germany as a classical state of non-simultaneity and poses the task to re-formulate the Marxist-style irrational in the mass consciousness and not to hand over dreams and images of the future to reactionary forces. Here Bloch makes use of the European philosophical tradition of Hegel and Marx. He introduces the concept of objectively non-simultaneous and subjectively non-simultaneous contradictions into the analysis of modern capitalism. Social dialectics, according to Bloch, should be multi-layered in the temporal aspect. ; Предлагаемый перевод избранных фрагментов работы немецкого философа Эрнста Блоха «Наследство нашего времени» посвящен темпоральным характеристикам различных социальных групп германского общества начала ХХ века. Основными в этих характеристиках являются, во-первых, понятие «неодновременность», которое рассматривается в различных аспектах, во-вторых, понятие «наследство» как совокупность экономических, политических, культурных, ментальных элементов прошлого, сохранившихся в германском обществе 1930-х гг. Блох показывает влияние этих элементов на жизнь средних слоев — крестьян, ремесленников, мелкой городской буржуазии. Использование этих элементов в нацистской пропаганде объясняет, согласно Блоху, популярность нацизма в Германии. Дается характеристика Германии как «классической страны неодновременности». Автор ставит задачу переформулировать по-марксистски иррациональное в массовом сознании и не отдавать мечты и образы будущего реакционным силам. При этом Блох опирается на европейскую философскую традицию в лице Г. Гегеля и К. Маркса. Он вводит парные понятия «объективно неодновременные противоречия» и «субъективно неодновременные противоречия» в анализ современного капитализма. Социальная диалектика должна быть, по Блоху, в темпоральном аспекте многослойной.

The article deals with the logical and theoretical structure of K. Marx's «Capital». In the «Theories of Surplus Value», there is the ascent from the concrete to the abstract in the history of economic thought. This ascent allowed to define the goods as a starting point for the political economy of the capitalist mode of production. But there is no direct way to the economic theory of Marx, whose subject is not the products labour activity, but the material production relations arising during these activities. While researching the goods, Marx uses the «power of abstraction», which allows separating «economic matter» from the «naturally tangible» material basis: use value, concrete labour, etc. An integral system of economic categories is based on the synthesis of natural historical thinking phenomena discovered by Aristotle; Hegel's understanding of purposive activity; specific goals of social production, which are realized in property relations. K. Marx introduces into scientific knowledge the notion of economic progress as a change of social formations. He considers the significance of different models of the division of labour for determining the concept of value. In A. Smith's model, the value is determined a posteriori, after market evaluation of the products or services produced. A unit of measurement is not working time in itself, but economic information on the effectiveness of its use, i.e. money. In the model of K. Marx, the value is determined a priori, in the form of labour costs in the physiological sense. Given a choice, the labour expended receives a marginal evaluation in the form of alternative costs (loss of profits). The meaning of the «absolute, universal law of capitalist accumulation» is identified as a causa finalis, which determines the value of the commodity labour, variable capital, surplus value. I conclude that the development of the dialectics of the topic and the focus of an economic study allows using the method of rational eclecticism if the corresponding material is subject to a subsequent dialectical-materialistic interpretation. © 2018 Economy of Region. All rights reserved. ; Рассмотрена логико-теоретическая структура "Капитала" Карла Маркса. Представлено значение различных моделей разделения труда для определения субстанции стоимости. Проанализирована диалектика предмета и объекта экономического исследования в "Капитале".

Статья посвящена проблематике диалектики национально-государственной идентичности и глобализации. Целью исследования является анализ факторов, детерминирующих как трансформацию, так и возможности укрепления национально-государственной идентичности в условиях глобализационных и интеграционных процессов. Выявлены некоторые аспекты конституирования национально-государственности идентичности в условиях глобализации: роль идеологии государства в укреплении национально-государственной идентичности как фактора консолидации, согласования различных «идентификационных» типов в обществе (суб-, над-, транснациональных), а также определения общей системы ценностей и идеалов для конкретного политического сообщества; значение гражданской идентичности, как вида национально-государственной идентичности в условиях востребованности согласования различных скоростей социальных процессов глобализации; взаимосвязь национально-государственной идентичности и состояния национальной безопасности в гуманитарной сфере в условиях глобализации и необходимость укрепления национально-государственной идентичности посредством системы идеологической работы, национальных форм духовно-нравственного, гражданско-патриотического воспитания; взаимосвязь национально-государственной идентичности и суверенитета государства в условиях глобализации, которая находит свое выражение в разработке национального законодательства, выборе национальным государством партнеров в интеграционных процессах, самостоятельной внешней и внутренней политике, действенном лоббировании государством собственных интересов на международной арене. ; The article is devoted to the problems of the dialectics of national-state identity and globalization. The aim of the study is to analyze the factors determining both the transformation and the possibility of strengthening national-state identity in the context of globalization and integration processes. Some aspects of the constitution of national-state identity in the context of globalization are revealed: the role of state ideology in strengthening national-state identity as a factor in consolidation, coordination of various "identification" types in society (sub-, supra-, transnational), as well as determining a common system of values and ideals for a particular political community; the importance of civic identity as a type of national-state identity in the context of the demand for coordination of various speeds of the social processes of globalization; the relationship of national-state identity and the state of national security in the humanitarian sphere in the context of globalization and the need to strengthen national-state identity through a system of ideological work, national forms of spiritual and moral, civic-patriotic education; the interconnection of national-state identity and state sovereignty in the context of globalization, which finds expression in the development of national legislation, the choice by the national state of partners in integration processes, independent foreign and domestic policy, and effective lobbying by the state of its own interests in the international arena.

На основе анализа философских концепций К. Касториадиса, А. Бадью, С. Жижека сущность системного насилия раскрывается как деструктивная, репрессивная организация социального пространства, следствием которой является утрата смысла социального действия, отчуждение человека от социальных и политических практик. Отмечается, что идея разрыва интерпретируется не как источник насилия, а как средство восстановления пространства политического и возвращения политически мыслящего и ответственно действующего субъекта, что дает возможность говорить о двух типах насилия в постмарксизме: негативном (системном) и позитивном (политическом). В рамках философии постмарксизма возвращение политического субъекта, реализация идеала эмансипированного общества посредством социального воображения, конструирование в пространстве события как политического субъекта, так и нового порядка бытия рассматриваются как действенные способы ограничения системного насилия. ; In the article, based on the analysis of philosophical concepts of K. Castoriadis, A. Badiou, S. Zizek, the essence of systemic violence is revealed as a destructive, repressive organization of social space, the result of which is the loss of the meaning of social action, alienation of a person from social and political practices. It is noted that the idea of a gap is interpreted not as a source of violence, but as a means of restoring the political space and returning the politically minded and responsible actor, which makes it possible to talk about two types of violence in post-Marxism: negative (systemic) and positive (political). Within the framework of the post-Marxist philosophy, the return of political subject, the realization of the ideal of the emancipated society through social imagination, the construction of both a political subject and a new order of being by the event are considered as effective ways to limit systemic violence.

There are analyzes the relation of the dialectic and deconstruction, examined various version of their relationship. There are make next conclusions. Every system of philosophy is dialectic (develops itself) and deconstruction (it is finding the weakness of previous systems and "mistakes" in them). Postmodern philosophy doubles metaphysics, dialectics, deconstruction: they become "classic" and "postmodern". "Postmodern" is a double of the deconstruction of the "classical" dialectics. "Deconstruction" tries to replace the dialectic on its "metaphysical" double. Deconstruction is a reformatting of the object (the disappearance of previous and appearance of a new which based on it) and dialectic which has come to its end, the edge, the absurd.

Article on the use of the paradigm of self-organization theory as a basis for the application of scientific methodology in the humanitarian and economic disciplines. The author substantiates the link between the laws of dialectics, thermodynamics, biology and patterns of socio-economic development.

The article examined the problem of the collapse of the person within A.F. Losev's dialectics, but without identifying the nature and energy. The essence of the person make a circular movement within the quaternary.The quaternary isconsisting of the following elements: onto-epistemology, social philosophy, internal and external identity plan. The circular movement of the person within the quaternary is because the person is emanation into the outer world (the excess of selfhood replaced his lack) in the course of their movement. Then there is the lack of replenishment (lack changes to excess). The materialization of the spirit of the person is an energetic emanation, is the essence of the personality of emanation in a formless, leading to the appearance of the simulacrum of the person. Materialized person is constantly in a state of collapse, because it does not possess the fullness of being, but only reported with being.