Suchergebnisse

The implementation of information and communication technologies in the field of international relations has generated important changes, including the emergence of digital diplomacy, which is accompanied by all the challenges of a new beginning. In this article we aim to analyze the extent to which diplomacy is prepared to deal with the contemporary world. In the same we will argue for the need to reconstruct the diplomats' training model so that it can become competitive regardless of the unexpected direction society could follow. From our point of view, the Romanian research organizations (INCD and universities with related specifics) are the ones that must give the directions to follow in conceptualizing the training programs for digital diplomats (including those formed before the emergence of the new platforms and tools dedicated to communication with the public).

We live in an era of pervasive connectivity. At an astonishing pace, much of the world's population is joining a common network. The proliferation of communications and information technology creates very significant changes for statecraft. But we have to keep in mind that the Internet is not a magic potion for political and social progress. Technology by itself is agnostic. It simply amplifies the existing sociologies on the ground, for good or ill. And it is much better at organizing protest movements than organizing institutions to support new governments in place of those that have been toppled. Diplomacy in the twenty-first century must grapple with both the potential and the limits of technology in foreign policy, and respond to the disruptions that it causes in international relations.

The paper discusses the digitization of diplomacy and the consular assistance at the present stage of the communication technologies development. Globalization, and especially the rapid development of the mass media and social media has affected almost every citizen. This process allowed the Foreign offices to come closer to resolving the issue of smart personal communication with nationals who are abroad. The first part of the paper analyzes the possibilities of using the power of the modern social media by the Ministries of foreign affairs to create and maintain effective crisis communication. The second part of the article focuses on the analysis of a digital consular assistance to nationals at home and abroad using the example of a specialized application created by the US Department of State.

В статье автор проводит анализ развития цифровой дипломатии и дипломатии данных на современном этапе. Отличительной чертой является то, что автором сделано сравнение нескольких стран в этой области, подчеркнуты как плюсы, так и указаны возможные недостатки. Приведенные примеры и сделанные автором прогнозы дают возможность взглянуть на вопрос развития цифровой дипломатии под другим углом. Автором высказывается мнение о том, что цифровая дипломатия представляет собой очень мощный инструмент, через который потом будет расширено понятие «мягкая сила».

In the age of globalization and the dominance of digital technologies, public diplomacy is no longer the prerogative of politicians, as the number of agents of influence is constantly increasing. Openness and publicity dictate new rules of the political game and, accordingly, make new demands on public diplomacy of the state. In light of the global Covid-19 pandemic, digital technologies are becoming especially relevant, strengthening the importance of digital diplomacy as the newest direction of public diplomacy. The purpose of this paper is to study the international experience of integrated inclusion of digital diplomacy into the arsenal of public diplomacy and the opportunities and problems to apply that experience for the digitalization of Ukrainian public diplomacy.
The need to understand digital diplomacy is determined by a number of factors, in particular, increasing information flows, the inclusion of diplomatic communication in the global context of networking, the use of new communication channels and tools as well as its intensity, and the emergence of new types of influence on the audience in diplomatic practice.
The experience of the leading world's democracies shows the potential of digital diplomacy as a strategic resource for promoting national interests and implementation of diplomatic tasks and state political doctrine. The essence of the cultural and political dimension of digital diplomacy is that the use of the latest information and communication tools in the foreign policy area contributes to strengthening the attractive image of the political culture of the state, ensuring the main goals of the country's economy in the world economic space, as well as the promotion of national identity abroad. Digital diplomacy is a tool for spreading democratic values ​​worldwide that creates a basis for global unity.
Opportunities for the development of "digital diplomacy" in Ukraine seem to be limited by the lack of national information and communication strategy, the shortage of trained professionals, and a number of risks inherent in working on the Internet. Nevertheless, digital diplomacy in Ukraine is actively developing, involving more and more stakeholders in the process of information exchange. That is facilitated by the very nature of social media, which, like any living organism, is constantly evolving.

The article presents a comparative analysis of the official presence on the Internet, including social networking sites, of the state diplomatic agencies of France, Italy, Russia, and others. A new form of "digital diplomacy" on the one hand provides new opportunities for the implementation of the state international politics, and on the other, imposes special requirements on its members. There is the feedback loop between the diplomatic and public agencies (a new phenomenon of the modern information society). Social media play an important role in shaping public opinion, which puts forward specific requirements for how information on the official pages of diplomatic offices in social networks. The new format of close cooperation between the public and diplomatic agencies makes the modern diplomacy more public and less restrained. In these circumstances, it is very important information without losing the initiative and applying new and modern means of communication with their particular style of communication, they can not fall the level of political culture, as happened with the diplomatic authorities of the USA and some other countries. Thus, the ongoing technological revolution complicates the interaction between the participants of international relations. The usage of digital technologies in the diplomatic activity opens up new possibilities for conducting a policy of «soft power» aimed to develop concerted action to overcome the political, social and economic crises, as well as develop the measures to prevent them.

Summary
Public diplomacy is increasingly facilitated through social media. Government leaders and diplomats are using social media platforms such as Twitter, Facebook and Instagram to communicate with foreign publics, changing the dynamics of interaction between broadcaster and audience. The key to understanding the power of social media in public diplomacy is the role of emotion in digital diplomacy strategies: social media statements relating to state identity can incite strong emotions that have the potential to undermine heretofore positive diplomatic relations, or provide communicative openings that move towards ameliorating crises. Examining the interaction of social media, emotion and identity provides insight into the increasing importance of digital diplomacy and the future challenges relating to digital disinformation that lie ahead.

This article develops a conceptual framework for analyzing the international activities of internet companies. It focuses specifically on the question of whether internet companies' activities are examples of business diplomacy, by examining cases of conflict between corporate actors and the Chinese government and their negotiations under a divided set of loyalties. In so doing, the article seeks to re-examine notions of sovereignty as applied to cyberspace, and to engage in a conceptual discussion of critical issues on the role of business diplomacy in the internet governance debate. Ultimately, it argues that while their activities are more commercial than diplomatic on the whole, internet companies cannot be neutral actors outside of international politics. The article thus makes a case for greater engagement by companies in business diplomacy on a country-to-country basis.