Foreign direct investment is the largest source of external funds in both developed and developing countries. Some literature explains that one of the barriers to investment flow is corruption. Thus, this study aims to determine the effect of corruption as measured by the corruption perception index on foreign direct investment. Corruption is a political risk that affects the flow of foreign direct investment. The estimation results of the Generalized Method of Moment (GMM) show that the corruption perception index has a significant positive effect on foreign direct investment. The author also uses market seeking and efficiency seeking variables as potential factors that influence investors to direct foreign direct investment.
This study investigates the potential horizontal and vertical spillovers from FDI towards firms' efficiency level on Indonesian manufacturing industries, using firm-level panel data. The result suggests that positive evidence of horizontal spillovers arise instantaneously, but the impacts of vertical spillovers appear a year later. These indicate that foreign competitors cause local firms more efficient in the same industry. Furthermore, after one period of time MNCs running their business in Indonesia, they bring positive impacts on downstream markets but deteriorate manufacturing industries in the upstream markets. Therefore, the Indonesian government must ensure that overall benefits from promoting FDI must overweight their negative impacts.
The main objective of WTO Law is to accommodate individual's right in order to obtain better benefit of international trade. However, when a government violates WTO Law, it is therefore causing deprivation of individual right itself. Direct effect seems to be a feasible doctrine to provide a judicial protection for individual, in order to rebalance the right that is violated. Nevertheless, this doctrine is intractable to imply. This article discuss the polemic of giving direct effect of WTO Law and DSB Decision to domestic law to provide judicial protection for individual who becomes victim of WTO violation conducted by government
The application of public policy as an activity in the public policy process is often contrary to what is expected, and even makes policy products a stumbling block for policy makers themselves. That is the implementation of public policy. This requires a deep understanding of public policy studies. The research objective that the researchers conducted was to analyze and analyze the implementation of the Direct Cash Assistance Program (BLT) in Pasanggrahan Baru Village, Sumedang Selatan District, Sumedang Regency. See and analyze the constraints in the Implementation of Direct Cash Assistance Program (BLT) Policy in Pasanggrahan Baru Village, Sumedang Selatan District, Sumedang Regency. As well as to find out and analyze what preventive measures were taken to overcome obstacles in the implementation of the Direct Cash Assistance Program (BLT) Policy in Pasanggrahan Baru Village, Sumedang Selatan District, Sumedang Regency. The research method used in research using qualitative methods. Qualitative research to understand social phenomena from the perspective of participants. From this study found obstacles related to the Implementation of the Direct Cash Assistance Program (BLT) Policy in Communities Affected by Covid-19 in Pasanggrahan Baru District, South Sumedang Regency, Sumedang Regency, both related to communication, resources, disposition and bureaucratic structures. Enduring the obstacles that have been done is also an effort to overcome the obstacles that have occurred. So that the purpose of implementing the Direct Cash Assistance Program (BLT) Policy for Communities Affected by Covid-19 in Baru Pasanggrahan Village, Sumedang Selatan District, Sumedang Regency can be carried out as expected. ; The application of public policy as an activity in the public policy process is often contrary to what is expected, and even makes policy products a stumbling block for policy makers themselves. That is the implementation of public policy. This requires a deep understanding of public policy studies. The research objective that the researchers conducted was to analyze and analyze the implementation of the Direct Cash Assistance Program (BLT) in Pasanggrahan Baru Village, Sumedang Selatan District, Sumedang Regency. See and analyze the constraints in the Implementation of Direct Cash Assistance Program (BLT) Policy in Pasanggrahan Baru Village, Sumedang Selatan District, Sumedang Regency. As well as to find out and analyze what preventive measures were taken to overcome obstacles in the implementation of the Direct Cash Assistance Program (BLT) Policy in Pasanggrahan Baru Village, Sumedang Selatan District, Sumedang Regency. The research method used in research using qualitative methods. Qualitative research to understand social phenomena from the perspective of participants. From this study found obstacles related to the Implementation of the Direct Cash Assistance Program (BLT) Policy in Communities Affected by Covid-19 in Pasanggrahan Baru District, South Sumedang Regency, Sumedang Regency, both related to communication, resources, disposition and bureaucratic structures. Enduring the obstacles that have been done is also an effort to overcome the obstacles that have occurred. So that the purpose of implementing the Direct Cash Assistance Program (BLT) Policy for Communities Affected by Covid-19 in Baru Pasanggrahan Village, Sumedang Selatan District, Sumedang Regency can be carried out as expected.
Direct elections in Indonesian was born after the reform. The change of Law 22/1999 becomes Law 32/2004 has changed the Regional Head of the Parliament election becomes elected by all the people of the region. However, direct election is not free from problems. To discover this fact, it is conducted research on Problem Mapping and Local conflict Solutions in Direct elections in Indonesia. By using descriptive qualitative method, it is concluded that: The main problem is the Direct Election of the general policy of the Government in the form of "rules of play" and the adequacy of the implementation time to implement it. It has spawned some weaknesses, such as: a) List of Voters is not clear, b) Inadequate Facilities-Infrastructure & Monitoring, c) Delivery of Ballot are late, d) the candidate's Psychology & Supporters are not ready, e) the socialization is not maximum, and f) Election Commission is not experienced. ; Pemilihan Langsung di Indonesia lahir pasca reformasi. Perubahan UU No. 22/1999 menjadi UU No. 32/2004 telah mengubah Pilkada dari DPRD menjadi oleh seluruh rakyat daerah. Namun, Pilkada langsung tidak lepas dari masalah. Untuk mengungkap fakta tersebut, dilakukan kajian Pemetaan Masalah dan Solusi Konflik Lokal dalam Pilkada Langsung di Indonesia. Dengan metode deskriptif kualitatif, didapat kesimpulan: Masalah utama Pilkada, ketidakmatangan kebijakan umum Pemerintah dalam bentuk "aturan main" dan kecukupan waktu implementasi. Hal itu melahirkan sederet kelemahan : a) Daftar Pemilih Belum Jelas, b) Sarana-Prasarana dan Pengawasan Tidak memadai, c) Pengiriman Surat Suara Terlambat, d) Psikologi Calon & Pendukung Tidak Siap, e) Sosialisasi Tidak Maksimal, dan f) KPU (D) Belum Berpengalaman.
The purpose of this study is to ascertain the causal link between corruption and sustainable development. The Corruption Perception Index (CPI), Human Development Index (HDI), Carbon Dioxide Emissions (CO2), and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) variables were used in this study. The data for this analysis were derived from secondary sources such as the World Bank, the United Nations Development Programme, and Transparency International. The stationary test, cointegration test, optimum lag test, and Granger causality test were all employed in this study. The study's findings indicate that corruption and sustainable development are causally related. Corruption and sustainable development have a two-way causative link from a socioeconomic viewpoint, a one-way causal relationship from an environmental perspective, and a one-way causation relationship between corruption and foreign direct investment. Corruption has proven to be an obstacle to the sustainable development of every country.
Interaction in the international system creates cooperation between countries and can also create conflicts when interests between countries clash. There are two approaches used in resolving conflict; associative where countries seek to cooperate with each other; and disassociative involving military force and political separation (Barash & Webel, 2009: 288). One of Indonesia's associative efforts in maintaining its diplomatic relations with Australia is by using ASEAN to form the AANZFTA (ASEAN-Australia-New Zealand Free Trade Area). Apart from geographical proximity, the socio-economic development opportunities for all parties, this cooperation is also a geopolitical strategy for Australian security and provides political legitimacy for ASEAN in the international world. Using a case study method that focuses on the dynamics of the relationship between ASEAN, Australia, and New Zealand, mainly through the AANZFTA, this paper will explain ASEAN, Australia, and New Zealand's reasons and interests as well as strengths and weaknesses in them. Through discussion and analysis results, it can be concluded that international cooperation was formed to build negative peace after the World War. Then over time, non-traditional issues increasingly encourage international cooperation to develop positive peace with moral values and peaceful dispute resolution without violence. Although the impact is the domination of big countries and sacrificing small and developing countries' sovereignty, each country will always prioritize its own interests. This study's results can provide an overview of the diplomatic relations between Indonesia and Australia multilaterally through AANZFTA. At the same time, the bilateral relationship between the two can be reviewed in further research
United States and the Soviet Union is a country on the part of allies who emerged as the winner during World War II. However, after reaching the Allied victory in the situation soon changed, man has become an opponent. United States and the Soviet Union are competing to expand the influence and power. To compete the United States strive continuously strengthen itself both in the economic and military by establishing a defense pact and aid agencies in the field of economy. During the Cold War the two are not fighting directly in one of the countries of the former Soviet Union and the United States. However, if understood, teradinya the Korean War and the Vietnam War is a result of tensions between the two countries and is a direct warfare conducted by the United States and the Soviet Union. Cold War ended in conflict with the collapse of the Soviet Union and the United States emerged as the winner of the country. ; United States and the Soviet Union is a country on the part of allies who emerged as the winner during World War II. However, after reaching the Allied victory in the situation soon changed, man has become an opponent. United States and the Soviet Union are competing to expand the influence and power. To compete the United States strive continuously strengthen itself both in the economic and military by establishing a defense pact and aid agencies in the field of economy. During the Cold War the two are not fighting directly in one of the countries of the former Soviet Union and the United States. However, if understood, teradinya the Korean War and the Vietnam War is a result of tensions between the two countries and is a direct warfare conducted by the United States and the Soviet Union. Cold War ended in conflict with the collapse of the Soviet Union and the United States emerged as the winner of the country.
This study examines the impact of foreign presence in the Medium-High and High technology manufacturing industry in Indonesia. Using a balanced panel data that consists of 2,397 firms and in the year of 2010-2014, the data was estimated using the multiple regression method. The results show that there is positive spillover when local and foreign firms are in the same industry. Conversely, in different industries, negative spillover occurs in forward linkage when local firms buy the output of foreign firms and no spillover occurs in backward linkage when local firms become the suppliers of foreign firms. The Indonesian government must assure that foreign investment policies must benefit the domestic companies, considering there are some potential losses for domestic enterprises by the presence of foreign direct investment in the domestic market.
This research is entitled "Design Of Regional Autonomy In The Affirmative Framewok Of Presidential Government Systems Affirmation:. This research is motivated by the decentralization of Indonesia which has unsymmetrical, because of the existence of specific nd special regions, further more in terms of the presedential government system there is a problem in the development of its subsystems up to regional government. Thus, understanding is needed to understand th reality and redesign of regional autonomy in regional head elections, specific and special regions, and in order to reaffirm the presidential government system in an effort to build relations between the president and regional heads. As for the method used in making this writing is a juridical method normative or doctrinal. Design Of Regional Autonomy In The Affirmative Framewok Of Presidential Government Systems, By Rio Armanda Agustian. Abstract this research is entitled Design Of Regional Autonomy In The Affirmative Framewok Of Presidential Government Systems Affirmation. This research is motivated by the decentralization of Indonesia which has symmetricity, namely the existence of special and special regions, then if viewed from the presidential government system there is a problem in the development of its subsystems to regional government. Thus, understanding is needed to nderstand the reality and redesign of regional autonomy in regional head elections, special and special regions and in order to reaffirm the presidential government system in an effort to built relations between the president and regional heads. As for the method used in making this writing is a juridical method normative or doctrinal, because the data search is done by reviewing local government law and legislation related., and the data also related to the privilege and specificity of the region. The results of this study is themiddle solution to solve the problem can also be done by direct appointment of the governor by the president, although this is very unpopular and very risky politically, but ifit starts with rational reasons, surely the people in the area will accept, and of course with a low cost as well. The direct appointment is very necessary for the president so that relations with the governor as an extension of president's hand will be stronger. ; This research is entitled "Design Of Regional Autonomy In The Affirmative Framewok Of Presidential Government Systems Affirmation:. This research is motivated by the decentralization of Indonesia which has unsymmetrical, because of the existence of specific nd special regions, further more in terms of the presedential government system there is a problem in the development of its subsystems up to regional government. Thus, understanding is needed to understand th reality and redesign of regional autonomy in regional head elections, specific and special regions, and in order to reaffirm the presidential government system in an effort to build relations between the president and regional heads. As for the method used in making this writing is a juridical method normative or doctrinal. Design Of Regional Autonomy In The Affirmative Framewok Of Presidential Government Systems, By Rio Armanda Agustian. Abstract this research is entitled Design Of Regional Autonomy In The Affirmative Framewok Of Presidential Government Systems Affirmation. This research is motivated by the decentralization of Indonesia which has symmetricity, namely the existence of special and special regions, then if viewed from the presidential government system there is a problem in the development of its subsystems to regional government. Thus, understanding is needed to nderstand the reality and redesign of regional autonomy in regional head elections, special and special regions and in order to reaffirm the presidential government system in an effort to built relations between the president and regional heads. As for the method used in making this writing is a juridical method normative or doctrinal, because the data search is done by reviewing local government law and legislation related., and the data also related to the privilege and specificity of the region. The results of this study is themiddle solution to solve the problem can also be done by direct appointment of the governor by the president, although this is very unpopular and very risky politically, but ifit starts with rational reasons, surely the people in the area will accept, and of course with a low cost as well. The direct appointment is very necessary for the president so that relations with the governor as an extension of president's hand will be stronger.
The purpose of this study are to determine analyze the influence directly or indirectly members, capital, and quality of human resources to the success cooperatives through participation members, difference in the success rate Women's Cooperative independent and self-sufficient, as well as how to condition the success of Women's Cooperative in District of Gianyar. Analysis technique used is descriptive statistics, path analysis, and test different. Based on analysis, members, capital, and human resources quality in partial direct and significant impact on participation members. Members directly affects the success cooperative, while the quality of human capital and has no influence on the success cooperative. Full participation members of mediation indirect influence on success members of the cooperative, while participation members a partial mediating indirect influence of capital and quality of human resources to the success cooperative. In addition, there are differences in level success of the Women's Cooperative independent and not independent.
democratically. Democratic elections can be carried out by Parliament or chosen directly bythe people. Regional Head Election by parliament or directly by the people supposed toinfluence the employee's career ASN. Formulation of the problem 1) How does the RegionalHead Election by Parliament of the ASN employee's career, 2) How Effect of local electionsdirectly against the employee's career ASN and 3) How does the influence of direct localelections according to Law No. 8 of 2015 to the ASN employee's career. This study usedsocio-juridical by running questionnaires and interviewed relevant officials. The resultsshowed local elections by Parliament does not affect the employee's career ASN and localelections directly affect employee career ASN. Besides, 88 percent of employee ASN chooseappointments structural system based on merit, 12 per cent chose the appointment system inthe structural position by the struggle in support of one candidate in the local elections.Keywords: The Effect, Election, Apparatus Civil Servants Career
Nuclear deal between Iran and the West has recently brought a significant impact on changing political map of the Middle East region. Many parties assumed that the nuclear agreement initiated by the United States is part of the scenario to keep the Middle East remained stable. For the past five years America was so overwhelmed in facing threats either by state actors or non-state. At least with the achievement of the Iranian nuclear deal America can be free from a potential direct threat of nuclear weapons. However, this step is not fully run smoothly because the negotiation was challenged by the US strategic ally, Saudi Arabia and Israel, both criticized the policy of the White House as an error. Behind security considerations, economic factor also played significant role in sealing the deal. What are the main reasons and dynamics behind the deal? This paper intends to review these dynamics by elaborating prominent reports and research findings.
General Election (Pemilihan Umum/Umum) is an arena for political parties to fight for seats in parliament through various political campaign strategies they carry out. The success of the Prosperous Justice Party (PKS) Bandung City in obtaining the majority of 13 seats in the 2019 Election is an interesting political case to study. This study aims to describe and analyze the political marketing strategies that the legislative candidates from the Prosperous Justice Party (PKS) of Bandung City carry out. Using the marketing mix theory, this study looks at 4 dimensions, namely Product, Place, Price, and Promotion. A descriptive-qualitative approach is applied. This study conducts interviews with representatives of the former PKS candidates who were the members of the parliament of Bandung City in the period of 2019-2024. This study indicates that PKS candidates for the City of Bandung Parliament have succeeded in implementing a marketing mix strategy. They employ it effectively and efficiently and reach a wider and more inclusive segment. They also apply campaign narratives that are close to voter's needs through direct marketing strategies.
The opening of the Indonesian Trade Promotion Center is one of the policies implemented by the government to increase Indonesia's non-oil and gas exports. However, fluctuations in the value of non-oil exports make the role of the ITPC doubtful. This study aims to analyze the impact of Indonesia Trade Promotion Center as Export Promotion Agency (EPA) on the value of Indonesia's non-oil and gas exports globally, to developing countries, and developed countries from 2000 to 2018. The method used in this study is the Random Effect Model and gravity model. Estimation results show that EPA Indonesia (ITPC) has a positive and significant effect on the value of Indonesian non-oil exports in all models. Foreign direct investment (FDI) has a positive effect and significant for global and developing countries model. GDP per capita and Free Trade Agreements have a significant positive effect on non-oil exports in all models. The geographical distance variable has a negative impact for Indonesian non-oil exports in all models, except for the developed countries model.
