Suchergebnisse

Describes in detail the disaster management system within the
Rotterdam conurbation, outlining the different sub‐systems for which
separate services and organizations are responsible. These include the
standby relief services dealing with the crisis at its source; the
"subsystem relief" aimed at providing medical aid to
disaster victims; a system designed to warn and relocate the population
within the "source and effects" area; a logistics system to
provide relief units with food, drink, petrol, oil lubricants, etc.,
necessary for effective operation; and traffic control within the safety
zone to allow for evacuation and access for ambulances, fire engines,
etc. Details the documentation of a "master plan for disaster
control", which concerns the tasks of the emergency services, the
manner in which disaster control is led by the mayor and the municipal
disaster staff, and the operational management and command bodies which
are entrusted with the co‐ordination of the actual disaster control.

We encounter many natural disasters in Japan and various infectious diseases could occur during and after natural disasters. Two recent major natural disasters, the Great East Japan Earthquake and the Kumamoto Earthquake in 2011 and 2016, respectively, killed tremendous numbers of people and many were affected with infectious diseases in evacuation centers as well as shelters for long period. Infection control teams of medical facilities inside or outside of affected areas were dispatched, supported evacuees, and made great contributions to: (i) control epidemic infectious diseases such as influenza and norovirus infection, (ii) educate and encourage people, (iii) improve environments. According to the experiences and evidence accumulated from these two disasters, it is apparent that infection control activities will definitely reduce infection during and after disasters. However, unlike the Disaster Medical Assistance Team and Japan Medical Association Team, there is no organization specialized for infection control in disaster‐affected areas. A disaster infection control team should be established by leads of either of government and/or societies related to infectious diseases and infection control.

AUTHOR AFFILIATION: Packiaraj Asirvatham, Church of South India, India, packiaraj.a@gmail.com ; Being an ethicist and a community worker it is always a challenge to deal with field research in humanitarian settings. In 2004, Indian ocean tsunami killed over 2400 children in my state (Tamilnadu), the proportion of children under 12 years old was even higher. Consequently, many people survived the tragedy find themselves childless and unable to bear further children because they had been sterilized. So, the government planned for reversal of tubal ligation (recanalization) and provided them a financial support of 25000 rupees to undertake the same in private hospitals. The recanalization of mothers in tsunami context raised many ethical issues and opened pandora's box on birth control strategies in disaster prone settings. Communities and activists argue that it is better to empower the women and men in disaster prone zone to familiarize with easily controllable and reversible birth control methods as they may want to have children again when they lose their offspring in disasters. More importantly, the existing radical sterilization methods which is very much focused on population control should be reviewed in disaster prone settings. On the whole, being one of the most populous countries in the world which is having more than half of its population below 20 years of age which is potentially facing numerous disasters everyday in different parts should have a clear strategy and a vivid policy on birth control in disaster prone settings.

This article conceptualizes resilience as an emergent and contingent practice that shapes societal relationships in unexpected ways. It focuses on the case of the 2013 floods in Dresden, a city that witnessed three major floods within 11 years. Emergent volunteer activities on the ground and on social media played a significant role during the flood emergency response efforts. Drawing on Philippe Bourbeau's definition of resilience as a process of patterned adjustment, the article regards these emergent structures as incidents of resilience. In the case of Dresden, not only was resilience not explicitly requested by the state, but it was in several incidents actively not wanted. While most of the volunteering activities arising from social media platforms intended to support the disaster management authorities, the case shows how subversive forms of resilience were mobilized to resist official plans. They finally urged authorities to adapt to a new social and technological reality in order to render unaffiliated volunteering governable. Resilience thus emerges as an adaptive process that shapes and is shaped by societal relations. The article thus seeks to add another facet to the debate on resilience by demonstrating how resilience helps us to make sense of complex and interdependent adaptation processes.

Disaster losses continue to escalate globally and in many regions human losses (death, injury, permanent displacement) often exceed the economic toll. Current disaster policies are reactive with a short-term focus - respond and rebuild as quickly as possible and in the same way after the event. Such policies ignore the longer-term approach of building disaster-resilient communities, in which investments made now show financial and social returns later by reducing the impact of disasters. This article provides a vision for resilient nations in 2030 based on three recent policy reports. It highlights the necessary steps towards achieving sustainability using the lens of disaster resilience as the pathway towards strengthening communities' ability to prepare and plan for, absorb, respond to, and recover from present and future disasters.

This exploratory work seeks to shed light on disaster governance by looking into potential linkages between the production of vulnerability and disaster governance in Chile. Our point of investigation is the case of post-disaster Chaitén and the Chilean model of Disaster Risk Management. The work begins by situating disaster governance and the production of vulnerability in a broader context of existing governance system that includes a multiplicity of actors and socio-economic, socio-ecological, and political processes. Coming from a multi-scalar perspective, we use the disaster Pressure and Release (PAR) model to enable a differentiated analysis of the multiplicity of actors, rules, and processes related to DRM that participate in the production of disaster vulnerability in the current Chaitén. With this we address the questions as to 'why' the Chilean model of DRM is prominently centralised and 'what' are the effects on the production of disaster vulnerability for the case of post-disaster Chaitén.

Whether you're a politician caught with his pants down, a publicly traded company accused of accounting improprieties, a family-owned restaurant with a lousy Yelp review or just the guy in the corner cubicle who inadvertently pushed "reply all," a crisis doesn't have to be the make-or-break moment of your career. For those of us that aren't natural spin doctors, it's hard to resist the impulse to cover your tracks, lie, or act like nothing happened. But resist you must. Full of both lively personal anecdotes and hard-knuckled straight talk, this is a must-read for anyone who wants to emerge with their reputation intact

Many disasters concerning the environment, health, poverty, war and terrorism have hit the whole world. Such disasters have caused disruptions to daily life. A country can have a good disaster management through the promotion of self-esteem. This is because there is a social solidarity to revive life. The purpose of this article is to see the nationhood aspect of a country and explain the elements that exist in dealing with a crisis especially COVID-19 disaster. Nationhood aspect can be seen in terms of self-esteem, patriotism and the element of social collaboration to face crisis. A qualitative research through document analysis was adopted to be analysed. Writings that are relevant to nationhood aspect became the focus of analysis. The outcome of document analysis found that in overcoming a disaster crisis, the nationhood aspect is crucial to create a harmonized and calm surrounding in the time of disaster so that it is not worsened. This self-esteem aspect is highly important as a country could exert control over its citizens and can quickly fix the situation. The implication of this article has proven that despite the latest technology used to detect and assist in handling crisis, humanity aspect involving nationhood element is equally important to preserve lives.

Authorities always need help in disaster situations, and in line with the current trend of community resilience, they see support from active citizens as a promising solution. However, the uncontrolled inflow of spontaneous volunteers and other resources into a disaster area poses serious dilemmas for professional responders. The uniqueness of this study lies in its approach to authorities' management of spontaneous volunteers from the perspective of the sociology of emotions. Drawing on an interactionist perspective of emotions, the objective is to deepen our understanding of how and why professional responders use interpersonal emotion management in interactions with spontaneous volunteers during disasters. We discuss this issue in relation to a specific disaster operation. Building on findings from interviews with personnel from the fire and rescue services, key officials and volunteers involved in the management of a large-scale forest fire in Sweden, we show that professionals' emotion management in interactions with volunteers requires a balance between the control and recognition of volunteer activities. Specific emotion management techniques and an overarching rule about expressing gratitude to spontaneous volunteers are identified and discussed in relation to the professionals' rationale for their emotion management. We argue that emotion management is a crucial aspect of the interaction between professionals and volunteers, with important implications for disaster management and the legitimacy of the authorities in the eyes of citizens.

Record-breaking hurricane seasons, tornadoes, tsunamis, earthquakes, and intentional acts of mass-casualty violence give lie to the delusion that disasters are the anomaly and not the norm. Disaster management is rooted in the fundamental belief that we can protect ourselves. Even if we cannot control all the causes, we can prepare and respond. We can craft constructive, workable policy that will contribute to the prevention of enormous financial impact, destruction of the environment, and needless loss of life. Integrating scholarly articles from international experts and first hand accounts from the practitioner community, this book presents an analytical critique of the interrelated, multidisciplinary issues of preparedness, response, and recovery in anticipating and rebuilding from disasters. Beginning with an introduction to the theoretical constructs and conceptual foundations of disaster management, the book reviews the relationship of modern development to disaster vulnerability, the politics of disaster management, leadership, and the role of agency coordination. The second and third sections examine case studies and lessons learned through natural disasters in North America and around the world. Contributors compare and contrast the efficacy of different management strategies from national, provincial, and local governments, as well as non-governmental agencies. Taking a narrower scope, the fourth section focuses on emergency personnel and the methods and issues faced in on-the-scene response and preparation. It also considers the special needs of hospitals and the effective use of the media. Contributions in the final two sections present strategies for limiting and ameliorating the psychological impact of disaster on victims and personnel, and look forward to how we can be better prepared in the future and rebuild stronger.