Suchergebnisse

Abstract The research objectives are: 1) To find out the factors that cause Non Performing Financing in murabaha financing at BPRS Rahmania Dana Sejahtera in Bireuen City. 2) To find out the Solution for Emphasis on Non-Performing Financing (NPF) Level on Murabaha Financing at BPRS Rahmania Dana Sejahtera in Bireuen City. The type of research the author uses here is a type of qualitative research with a descriptive approach, as well as data collection techniques using observation and interviews. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that: 1) Factors That Cause Non-Performing Financing are internal factors that arise from the bank with limited employee owned and new employees, while the internal factors of the customer, namely bankruptcy, incompetent in business, the filing of a business or collateral is not his, customers who use open funds in planning, as well as customers who are not responsible because of personal family factors. While external factors result from natural disasters, government regulations and conditions that are not in accordance with the plan. 2) Emphasis Solutions is carried out by applying a financing analysis consisting of a guarantee approach, character, repayment capability, feasibility study, and an approach to bank functions. Coupled with the application of the financing analysis principle of 5C (carater, capacity, capital, collateral, and condition of economy. Keywords: Non-Performing Financing, Murabahah Financing, Emphasis Solutions Abstrak Tujuan penelitian ini adalah: 1) Untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor penyebab Non Performing Financing pembiayaan murabahah pada BPRS Rahmania Dana Sejahtera Kota Bireuen. 2) Untuk mengetahui Solusi Tingkat Penekanan pada Non Performing Financing (NPF) pada Pembiayaan Murabahah pada BPRS Rahmania Dana Sejahtera Kota Bireuen. Jenis penelitian yang penulis gunakan disini adalah jenis penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif, serta teknik pengumpulan datanya menggunakan observasi dan wawancara. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa: 1) Faktor Penyebab Non Performing Financing adalah faktor internal yang muncul dari bank dengan terbatasnya pegawai yang dimiliki dan pegawai baru, sedangkan faktor internal nasabah yaitu kebangkrutan, tidak cakap dalam berbisnis, pengajuan usaha atau agunan bukan miliknya, nasabah yang menggunakan dana terbuka dalam perencanaan, maupun nasabah yang tidak bertanggung jawab karena faktor pribadi keluarga. Sedangkan faktor eksternal disebabkan oleh bencana alam, regulasi dan kondisi pemerintah yang tidak sesuai dengan rencana. 2) Solusi penekanan dilakukan dengan menerapkan analisis pembiayaan yang terdiri dari pendekatan penjaminan, karakter, kemampuan pembayaran kembali, studi kelayakan, dan pendekatan fungsi bank. Ditambah dengan penerapan prinsip analisa pembiayaan 5C (carater, capacity, capital, collateral, dan kondisi perekonomian. Kata kunci: Non Performing Financing, Pembiayaan Murabahah, Solusi Penekanan.

AbstrakMenurut Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) menyebutkan kelurahan Sempur kecamatan Bogor Tengah ditetapkan sebagai kawasan rawan longsor dan Banjir. Kelurahan ini adalah pemukiman penduduk yang berlokasi di daerah tanah lembah bertebing serta di pinggir aliran sungai Ciliwung. Saat ini daerah potensi sering terjadi longsoran adalah daerah RW 05, 06 dan 07 atau berada tepat di area belakang Rumah Sakit Salak sampai Tugu Air Mancur (sempur kaler). Melalui program Prime Public Service 2019 UAI, telah dilakukan pelaksanaan program pemperdayaan masyarakat berbentuk pelatihan alat peringatan dini mandiri bencana longsor dan banjir kepada mitra karang taruna kelurahan Sempur kecamatan Bogor Tengah. Pelatihan dilaksanakan diruang serbaguna kelurahan Sempur, tiap hari minggu jam 13.00 WIB dengan 10 kali pertemuan (3-4) jam. Di setiap akhir sesi pelatihan mitra, kit praktek harus diuji coba dan diimplementasikan langsung pada titik lokasi rawan bencana. Hasil kegiatan telah berhasil merubah mindset mitra (remaja) agar bisa berfikir rasional akan keselamatan diri sendiri maupun orang lain terhadap bencana alam. Perilaku masyarakat pada daerah rawan bahaya mampu dikendalikan secara elektronik melalui alat peringatan dini elektronik buatan mitra setempat. Penyediaan alat peringatan dini dari pemerintah umumnya akan dirusak maupun dicuri. Namun bila alat peringatan dini elektronik buatan masyarakat sendiri, minimal akan dijaga dan dirawat terus.Kata Kunci: Alat Pemindai Longsor, Pemindai Gempa, Pemindai Banjir AbstractAccording to Volcanology and Geological Disaster Mitigation (PVMBG) department, kelurahan Sempur kecamatan Bogor Tengah is designated as an area prone to landslides and floods. Kelurahan Sempur is a residential area located in a cleared valley and along the Ciliwung River. Potential areas for landslides often occur are RW 05, 06 and 07 located behind the Salak Hospital to Tugu Air Mancur. Through UAI Prime Public Service program 2019, has been carried out training program for early warning system landslides and floods devices to youth partners in Sempur. Training has been conducted in multipurpose room kelurahan Sempur office, every Sunday at 13.00 West Indonesia Time, with 10 meetings among 3-4 hours. Each training session, the practice kit must be tested and implemented directly at disaster-prone locations. Training has succeeded in changing the mindset of youth partners so that they can think rationally about the safety of themselves and others against disasters. Community behavior in hazard-prone areas can be controlled electronically through electronic early warning system devices made by youth partners. The Provision of early warning equipment from the government will generally be damaged or stolen. However, if the electronic early warning devices is made by the community itself, They will always be cared for and looked after.Keywords: Lanslides Scanners, Earthquake Scanners, Flood Scanners

This article is an analysis of the powerless stigma of people with disabilities that still occurs in social life. The study was conducted to find out the process and method specifically carried out by the village government of Panggungharjo in initiating the presence of an environment that is inclusive of persons with disabilities. The study was conducted qualitatively through in-depth interview techniques, observation, and secondary data collection. As a result of the research shows that the village government of Panggungharjo can be changing the stigma of discrimination for people with disabilities more meaningful in their life. This acts as an empowerment strategy that can people with disabilities not only an object but also a subject of development programs. The people with disabilities were given the role of advancing village in the concern of artistic and cultural programs. The role creates people with disabilities to able independently in social life and accepted by village people. Therefore, the debate continues with the viewpoint of society that is the persons with disabilities identically stigma on an inability to work. This condition brings to the trouble of reaching their economic independence. Moreover, for the local community in rural areas, persons with disabilities are still often regarded as cursed creatures or carriers of disasters in the family which causes them to experience psychological disorders and difficulties in socializing. Hence, a draw of discrimination fend stigma it's needs of the strategy steps by the government village on sustainability.Artikel ini menganalisis stigma ketidakberdayaan penyandang disabilitas yang masih terjadi dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat. Penelitian ini juga dilakukan untuk mengetahui proses serta cara yang secara spesifik dilakukan pemerintah Desa Panggungharjo dalam menginisiasi hadirnya lingkungan yang inklusif bagi difabel. Penelitian dilakukan secara kualitatif melalui teknik wawancara, observasi, dan pengumpulan data sekunder. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemerintah Desa Panggungharjo mampu mengubah stigma diskriminatif bagi penyandang disabilitas kepada tindakan yang lebih bermakna. Tindakan ini sebagai strategi pemberdayaan untuk menjadikan penyandang disabilitas tak lagi sebagai obyek melainkan subyek pembangunan. Masyarakat penyandang disabilitas diberikan peran dalam memajukan desa dengan terlibat dalam program budaya dan kesenian. Peran ini menciptakan masyarakat penyandang disabilitas mampu mandiri untuk mencukupi kebutuhan hidup dan diterima oleh masyarakat desa. Namun perdebatan masih berlanjut tatkala cara pandang masyarakat yang kerap mengindentikkan penyandang disabilitas dengan ketidakmampuan untuk bekerja. Kondisi ini menyebabkan mereka sulit mencapai kemandirian secara ekonomi. Terlebih, untuk lingkungan masyarakat pedesaan, penyandang disabilitas masih sering dianggap sebagai kutukan dan aib keluarga. Hal ini menyebabkan mereka mengalami gangguan secara psikologis dan kesulitan untuk bersosialisasi. Untuk itu, tawaran menarik untuk menepis stigma diskriminatif tersebut membutuhkan langkah strategis pemerintah desa secara berkelanjutan.

Since August 1, 2018 human beings are indebted to the earth, they lived the resources they do not own, taking them to future generations. The overexploitation of land resources results in phenomena such as deforestation, collapse of water resources, fresh water scarcity, biodiversity loss and carbon dioxide accumulation in the atmosphere and seas worldwide. They remember the great disasters occurred as a result in the last twenty years: the floods of the Cinque Terre in Genoa in 2011 and Hamburg in 2013, the snow cover of 2013 in New York, the Athens fires of 2007 and 2018. Drought, fires , hurricanes, water bombs are becoming more frequent hitting the town and procuring the loss of human lives. It seems pretty clear that human influence has been the dominant cause of the global warming observed since the mid-twentieth century. Climate and cities have a close relationship and the importance of the local level is crucial. The statement of 2011 has mayors of Bonn said that "Local governments play a strategic role in addressing climate change for their responsibility in the plans and regulations can influence innovative processes and solutions for adaptation and mitigation". The argument is much more pressing if we speak well of the city of rural areas and small urban centers in this historic moment undergo the phenomenon with the loss of a priceless cultural and natural value. The smaller towns are often placed in areas of high natural quality, sites of Community importance or a special protection area, to protect and secure from the hydrogeological point of view. The needs of tourism, enhancement and recovery of the territory can interact positively with respect to the research of global sustainability experience. There is a need to develop policies and tools associated with climate proof local emergency plans as well as to upgrade local infrastructure with the participation of civil society and private actors. In this context the adoption of green infrastructures appears to be the right approach to guide the city to urban regeneration, having a great potential for resilience. Transforming our cities into smart cities is essential, putting them into a system integrating the various territorial and urban green capabilities through a Best Practices policy. The essential foundations are based on the use of public parks to be able to ensure good functionality hydrological and climate, it founded on the maintenance of biodiversity and the possibility to enjoy a beautiful and functional city and be able to promote human relations. It is fundamental to focus on internal areas and small centers such as settlement structures with morphological and dimensional stability over time.

The country operations business plan (COBP), 2020–2022 of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) for Nepal is guided by ADB's country partnership strategy (CPS), 2020–2024. The objectives of the CPS, 2020–2024 are to (i) improve infrastructure for private sector-led growth, (ii) improve access to devolved services, and (iii) promote environmental sustainability and resilience. The CPS and the COBP, 2020–2022 contribute to the government's 15th plan for FY2020–FY2024 that aims at high and equitable national income; economic and social justice and poverty reduction; building human capital; universal, affordable, and modern infrastructure for connectivity (including urban and rural infrastructure); high and sustainable production and productivity (including increased agriculture productivity); healthy and balanced ecosystem (including resilience to climate change and natural disasters); and good governance. The government's plan calls for the smooth implementation of the federal system of governance and creating an investment-friendly environment for the private sector. Consistent with ADB's Strategy 2030, sovereign and nonsovereign support will be tailored to the needs of a low-income, landlocked, and mountainous country, based on the country's priorities. ADB's assistance to Nepal during the COBP period will comprise selected and focused components of Strategy 2030's seven operational priorities. In each priority area, ADB will collaborate with development partners for complementary solutions to development challenges. Improved infrastructure for private sector-led growth. The COBP includes investments in infrastructure, such as (i) hydropower generation (storage-type), transmission lines and substations, and distribution systems; (ii) the national East-West highway; and (iii) expansion of the Tribhuvan International Airport. These investments will be supported by relevant sector reforms and capacity development. They will help provide critical infrastructure services to crowd in private sector investment in the economy and contribute to the CPS strategic objective on infrastructure for private sector-led growth. Improved access to devolved services. The strategic objective of the CPS to improve access to devolved services will be supported with assistance for reforms to strengthen the functions and capacity of subnational governments for devolved service delivery, access to education and skills for productive employment, rural connectivity, irrigation, agriculture value chain development, and urban development. These will be generally targeted to benefit women and marginalized communities. Gender equality and social inclusion is also mainstreamed across other CPS priority areas. Environmental sustainability and resilience. The program mainstreams climate change and disaster risk reduction, as well as environmental sustainability, through resilient infrastructure, such as flood-resistant and all-weather roads; flood risk management in river basins; integrated water resources management; and enhanced knowledge and capacity for environmental management, climate change adaptation, and disaster risk management.

Penelitian yang dilaksanakan merupakan jenis penelitian deskriptif. Data yang diambil berupa hasil penelitian yang dilakukan dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa instrumen dan wawancara yang dilakukan dengan mengambil sampel di Kecamatan Selo, data tersebut kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif kuantitatif. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini diambil dari beberapa dusun pada masing-masing desa yang paling dekat dengan lereng Gunung Merapi. Penilaian kapasitas masyarakat di ukur berdasarkan empat variabel, yaitu: sosial, fisik, ekonomi dan lingkungan, sedangkan variabel untuk kapasitas pemerintah adalah legislasi, perencanaan, kelembagaan, pendanaan, pengembangan kapasitas dan penyelenggaraan penanggulangan bencana. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa, kapasitas masyarakat dalam menghadapi bencana erupsi sebagian besar termasuk dalam kategori rendah. Kapasitas pemerintah dalam upaya pengurangan risiko bencana juga masih tergolong rendah, sebagian besar indikator masih dalam tahap perencanaan. Mitigasi struktural dan non struktural bencana erupsi masih belum tersusun dengan baik. Belum ada upaya nyata secara fisik dalam upaya pengurangan risiko bencana. Sebagian besar masyarakat juga belum pernah mendapatkan sosialisasi tentang kebencanaan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa tingkat kapasitas masyarakat dan kapasitas pemerintah dalam menghadapi bencana erupsi termasuk dalam kategori rendah, maka sebaiknya pemerintah setempat dapat bekerjasama dengan masyarakat untuk dapat meningkatkan kapasitas melalui sosialisasi mitigasi bencana kepada masyarakat secara menyeluruh.Research carried out is a type of descriptive research. Data taken in the form of results of research conducted by data collection techniques in the form of instruments and interviews conducted by taking samples in the District of Selo, the data is then analyzed descriptively quantitative. The sample used in this study was taken from several hamlets in each village closest to the slopes of Mount Merapi. Community capacity assessment is measured based on four variables, namely: social, physical, economic and environmental, while the variables for government capacity are legislation, planning, institutional, funding, capacity building and disaster management. The results of the study stated that, the capacity of the community in facing eruption disaster was mostly included in the low category. The capacity of the government in disaster risk reduction efforts is also still relatively low, most indicators are still in the planning stage. Structural and non-structural mitigation of eruption disaster is still not well structured. There has not been any real physical effort in disaster risk reduction efforts. Most of the people have never received any information about disaster. Based on the results of the study concluded that the level of community capacity and government capacity in dealing with eruption disasters is included in the low category, then the local government should be able to work with the community to be able to increase capacity through disaster socialization dissemination to the community as a whole.

Penelitian yang dilaksanakan merupakan jenis penelitian deskriptif. Data yang diambil berupa hasil penelitian yang dilakukan dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa instrumen dan wawancara yang dilakukan dengan mengambil sampel di Kecamatan Selo, data tersebut kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif kuantitatif. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini diambil dari beberapa dusun pada masing-masing desa yang paling dekat dengan lereng Gunung Merapi. Penilaian kapasitas masyarakat di ukur berdasarkan empat variabel, yaitu: sosial, fisik, ekonomi dan lingkungan, sedangkan variabel untuk kapasitas pemerintah adalah legislasi, perencanaan, kelembagaan, pendanaan, pengembangan kapasitas dan penyelenggaraan penanggulangan bencana. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa, kapasitas masyarakat dalam menghadapi bencana erupsi sebagian besar termasuk dalam kategori rendah. Kapasitas pemerintah dalam upaya pengurangan risiko bencana juga masih tergolong rendah, sebagian besar indikator masih dalam tahap perencanaan. Mitigasi struktural dan non struktural bencana erupsi masih belum tersusun dengan baik. Belum ada upaya nyata secara fisik dalam upaya pengurangan risiko bencana. Sebagian besar masyarakat juga belum pernah mendapatkan sosialisasi tentang kebencanaan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa tingkat kapasitas masyarakat dan kapasitas pemerintah dalam menghadapi bencana erupsi termasuk dalam kategori rendah, maka sebaiknya pemerintah setempat dapat bekerjasama dengan masyarakat untuk dapat meningkatkan kapasitas melalui sosialisasi mitigasi bencana kepada masyarakat secara menyeluruh.Research carried out is a type of descriptive research. Data taken in the form of results of research conducted by data collection techniques in the form of instruments and interviews conducted by taking samples in the District of Selo, the data is then analyzed descriptively quantitative. The sample used in this study was taken from several hamlets in each village closest to the slopes of Mount Merapi. Community capacity assessment is measured based on four variables, namely: social, physical, economic and environmental, while the variables for government capacity are legislation, planning, institutional, funding, capacity building and disaster management. The results of the study stated that, the capacity of the community in facing eruption disaster was mostly included in the low category. The capacity of the government in disaster risk reduction efforts is also still relatively low, most indicators are still in the planning stage. Structural and non-structural mitigation of eruption disaster is still not well structured. There has not been any real physical effort in disaster risk reduction efforts. Most of the people have never received any information about disaster. Based on the results of the study concluded that the level of community capacity and government capacity in dealing with eruption disasters is included in the low category, then the local government should be able to work with the community to be able to increase capacity through disaster socialization dissemination to the community as a whole.

Countries are considered as an important subject for media analysis, because the media act as agents that shape the people's perception of a country. In fact, both Turkey and Indonesia have democratic backgrounds and strong bilateral relations. This study aims to explore how the media in Turkey and Indonesia informed their audiences about each other. During the period that was studied, there were 97 news stories about Indonesia in the Turkish media. On the other hand, the number of stories about Turkey was considerable in the Indonesian newspapers with 352 news articles. Hurriyet Daily News was selected as the Turkish media sample, while The Jakarta Post and Republika newspaper for the Indonesian media sample. Content analysis was used to examine the media portrayal of Indonesia in the Turkish media through their news columns and also how Indonesian media reported about Turkey in order to obtain a comparative study of the media of both countries. After having collected and analyzed the news from those newspapers, the writer found that Turkish media paid less attention to news about Indonesia rather than Indonesian media in informing about Turkey. The result of this study showed that in general portrays of the Turkish media, Indonesia was described as the country where the natural disasters take place. Unlike the Turkish media, Indonesian media provided more space about Turkey that mostly covered internal politics and internal affairs. ; Bir ülkenin medyası o ülkenin incelenmesinde önemli bir analiz birimini oluşturmaktadır, çünkü ülkenin algısını yönlendiren bir işlev üstlenmektedir. Endonezya ve Türkiye'nin her ikisi de demokratik temele sahip olup, güçlü bir ilişkiye de sahiptir. Bu çalışmanın amacı Türkiye ve Endonezya'nın hem kendi medyalarında hem birbirlerinin medyasında karşılıklı olarak nasıl temsil edildiğinin araştırılmasıdır. Çalışma sürecinde, Türkiye medyasında Endonezya ile ilgili 97 haber tespit edilmişken, Endonezya gazetelerinde Türkiye ilgili 418 haber sayısı belirlenmiş ve yazar tarafından incelenmiştir. Hürriyet gazetesinin haberleri Türkiye medya örneklemi olarak seçilmiştir, aynı şekilde The Jakarta Post ve Republika gazetesi Endonezya medya örneklemi olarak yer almaktadır. Endonezya'nın ve Türkiye'nin karşılıklı medya betimlemelerini belirlemeye yönelik içerik analizinde, Türkiye medyasının Endonezya hakkındaki haberlere göreceli olarak daha az ilgi gösterdiği bulunmuştur. Endonezya ile ilgili haberlerin Türkiye medyasında başlık yapması genellikle doğal afetlerle ilgili olmuştur. Endonezya medyasında ise bunun tersine olarak Türkiye haberleri daha fazla bilgi sunmakta, haber konuları da daha çeşitli konularda oluşmaktadır. Türkiye hakkındaki haberlerde en sık rastlanılan konular ulusal politika ve iç işleri ile ilgilidir. Bu çalışmanın sonucunda Endonezya'nın Türkiye medyasında "doğal afet ülkesi" imajına sahip olduğu, Türkiye'nin ise Endonezya medyasındaki genel ve ana imajının güçlü ulusal politika yönelimlerinin olumlu ya da tartışma konusu olarak ele alındığı bulunmuştur.

Al tenor del creciente consenso en torno a que una agenda para el desarrollo después de 2015 demanda el abordaje de la migración internacional contemporánea con el ánimo de reducir la pobreza y la desigualdad, a la par que combatir la discriminación, la exclusión y la marginalización, se describe, de modo sucinto, cómo los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS), enmarcados en la Agenda 2030, visibilizan e incluyen a las migraciones y el refugio como temas de discusión. Para ello, se parte de una revisión documental en torno a las bases normativas y conceptuales que sustentan la relación entre la migración y el desarrollo, brindando luego un breve estatus de la situación migratoria en Iberoamérica con foco en América Latina y el Caribe –particularmente el caso de Venezuela y el éxodo por el que atraviesa en la actualidad como producto de la contracción económica, la crisis humanitaria y la conflictividad político-social–, para finalizar con una reflexión en torno a los actores convocados a hacer parte de este esfuerzo y las acciones que pueden desplegar de cara a aminorar la «migración involuntaria a gran escala» provocada por «conflictos, desastres o por motivos ambientales o económicos», la cual figura dentro de los 10 principales riesgos mundiales contemplados de manera reiterada en los informes publicados por el Foro Económico Mundial entre 2016 y 2018. ; In line with the growing consensus that a post in the 2015 development agenda demands the approach of contemporary international migration with the aim of reducing poverty and inequality, while fighting against discrimination, exclusion and marginalization, this article describes how the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), framed in the 2030 Agenda, make visible and include migrations and refugees as topics for discussion. To do so, the article begins with a literature review regarding the normative and conceptual bases of the relationship between migration and development, providing a brief status of the migration behavior flows in Ibero-America with a focus on Latin American and the Caribbean—particularly the case of Venezuela and the exodus it is currently experiencing as a result of economic contraction, humanitarian crisis and political and social conflict—, to end with a reflection on the actors invited to participate in this effort and the actions that can be deployed in order to reduce the «involuntary large-scale migration» caused by «conflicts, disasters or environmental or economic reasons», which is within the top 10 global risks repeatedly contemplated in the reports published by the World Economic Forum between 2016 and 2018. The article hopes to contribute to the debate in favor of migratory and integration policies with better planning and management, and real impact on the lives of migrants.

In Malawi, the impact of extreme weather events has significantly contributed to the recurrent crises of food insecurity. The extreme weather events have shifted the country's focus from improving agricultural productivity and resilience to ensuring survival, with most resources devoted toward humanitarian assistance. The country is highly exposed to multiple hazards that cause widespread shocks. In recent years, the country faced successive and compounding climatic shocks: from the worst flood in 50 years in 2015, to the strongest El Niño event in 35 years in 2016. This prompted declaration of a state of disaster and left 39 percent of the country (6.7 million people) at risk of food insecurity during the 2016/17 consumption period. The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the most important driver of climatic variability in Malawi. Even though El Niño occurrences are predicted to increase in frequency, the Government of Malawi's (GoM) actions are inadequate, as disaster management is largely reactive than proactive.The agriculture sector, which contributes 30 percent to Malawi's gross domestic product (GDP), has been severely affected by the extreme weather events. This is amplified by the overreliance on single-season rainfed agricultural production, dominated by maize-based systems that are vulnerable to climatic shocks. The agriculture sector incurs huge losses when disaster strikes, amounting to approximately 89 percent of the total losses. In response to reduced production of most crops, average prices have generally increased, fueling inflation and reduced agricultural growth, and ultimately adversely impacting the economy at large. The Government of Malawi (GoM) has responded by putting in place various policies and coordinating institutions or structures to address extreme weather events, including increasing its responsibility for responding to the aftermath e.g. increasing support to maize purchases. However, its policies are fragmented, with inadequate resources to translate them into action, while capacity gaps further cripple increased coordination requirements. In view of this, efforts have not translated into sustained results when disasters recur, creating a vicious cycle of food insecurity and vulnerability. This analytical work was undertaken to assist the GoM to strengthen its efforts toward effectively responding to extreme weather-related events, especially El Niño and La Niña phenomena. Specifically, the study aims to provide a critical review of how the country has responded to recent extreme weather events, draw lessons for future response planning, and identify gaps and options to strengthen preparedness and response to El Niño, La Niña, and similar weather events. The study used a combination of primary and secondary data collected from July to September 2017. Primary data were collected through focus group discussions and key informant interviews in Malawi's 15 disaster-prone districts. Secondary data included a review of various policies, research reports, and other documents.

The relevance of the topic: Current social work rhetoric has a tendency to categorize individuals in negative terminology, such as "socially supported," "social risk families," "foster kids," "long-term unemployed," etc. (Zalimiene, 2011). These categorizations encompass a very large segment of society. On the one hand, social welfare and social work systems in today's society include a large variety of social groups and individuals; on the other hand, during a crisis, the need for social support in Lithuania is increasing. The emergence of social risk families is determined by external factors (ecological crisis and disasters, sudden political and social turns in the country, the weakening of communal bonds) or internal factors (the inability to solve problems constructively, the inability to foster long-term relationships, the lack of parenting skills, etc.). For these reasons, social risk families have become categorized negatively (Siauciuniene, 2010). The application of the "social risk families" label have had a negative impact on families raising children because most of them are afraid of being assigned to this category. It has been noticed that quite often large families do not want to take advantage of the eligible welfare funds because of the social stigma associated with this category. Based on a number of studies, one third of large families belong to the group of social risk families (www3.lrs.lt/docs2/NJGEDUYP.DOC [žr. 2018-01-25]). Objectives of this study: the social workers' attitude toward categorization of families into social risk families. The goal of this study: to identify the social worker's attitude toward categorization to ensure the welfare of the families. The first section of this master thesis analyzes the concept of social risk families as a category of social politicy. The second part of this master thesis analyzes how categorizing families into social risk families contradicts the fundamental principles and values of social workers. The third part of this master thesis studies the social worker's attitude toward the effects of categorization on the changes associated with motivating families. Characterization of the study: Qualitative type of study was chosen. Participants, who work with social risk families, were chosen from Utena District Center for Social Work. Six social workers were interviewed. The study was done using a half-structured interview, containing sixteen questions. Interviews took up to forty minutes. The study was conducted in December, 2017 during the final professional social work practice. The data of this study was analyzed applying the qualitative content analysis. During the study, confidentiality, anonymity, human honor, honesty, and objectivity were ensured.

Epics, events that have left deep traces in the lives of the nationsthat have witnessed the age of the epic, victories, disasters, and nationalemotions as well as being poetic works, are tools that transmit dailyinformation about the past. In this study, it is aimed to determine theimage of children in Turkish epics and show how Turkish societiesperceive the child. The study, in which the screening model was used,was carried out by qualitative research methods using the documentreview technique. By using the classifications in the literature, 16 Turkicepics from the past to the present day were included. In the analysis ofthe epics, the originality of the selected epics was examined first. Bymaking use of classifications made in the field of Turkish Epics, whichhave been classified many times, Epic of Oguz Kagan, Epic of Alp ErTunga, Epic of Bozkurt, Epic of Atilla, Epic of Ergenekon, Epic of Türeyiş,Epic of Migration, Epic of Creation, Epic of Şu, Epic of Saltuk Buğra Han,Epic of Manas, Epic of Cengizhan, Epic of Ediğe, Epic of SeyyidBattalgazi, Epic of Köroğlu, Epic Of Danişmend Gazi, Dede Korkut Storieswere included in the study. Later, the narratives about child weredetermined in the epics inspected by three researchers, and the themesand sub-themes were drawn from these narratives. Percentage ofagreement between the three investigators was calculated as 81.55%.Epics are divided into seven themes and their sub-themes: desire to havechildren, child birth, child's characteristics, child's growth, child'seducation, expectation from the child and respect for the child. Findingsrelated to themes and sub-themes have been discussed with support ofthe literature. ; Destanlar, yaşadığı çağa tanıklık eden milletlerin hayatında derinizler bırakmış olayları, zaferleri, felâketleri, millî duyguları dile getirenmanzum eserler olmanın yanında geçmiş hakkında günümüze bilgiaktaran birer araçtır. Bu çalışmada, Türk destanlarında çocuk imgesininbelirlemesi ve Türk toplumlarının çocuğu nasıl algıladığının ortayakonması amaçlanmıştır. Tarama modelinin kullanıldığı çalışma nitelaraştırma yöntemlerinden doküman incelemesi tekniği ile yürütülmüş vealan yazınında yapılan sınıflandırmalardan yararlanılarak çalışmayageçmişten günümüze kadar gelen 16 Türk destanı dâhil edilmiştir. Birçoksınıflandırılması yapılan Türk destanları alanyazında yapılansınıflandırmalardan yararlanılarak; Oğuz Kağan Destanı, Alp Er TungaDestanı, Bozkurt Destanı, Atilla Destanı, Ergenekon Destanı, TüreyişDestanı, Göç Destanı, Yaratılış Destanı, Şu Destanı, Saltuk Buğra HanDestanı, Manas Destanı, Cengizhan Destanı, Ediğe Destanı, Seyyid Battalgazi Destanı, Köroğlu Destanı, Danişmend Gazi Destanı, DedeKorkut Hikayeleri çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Destanların analizindeöncelikle belirlenen destanların orijinalliği incelenmiştir. Daha sonra üçaraştırmacı tarafından incelenen destanlarda çocuğa ilişkin anlatımlarbelirlenmiş ve bu anlatımlardan yola çıkarak tema ve alt temalaroluşturulmuştur. Üç araştırmacı arasında uyuşum yüzdesi % 81,55olarak hesaplanmıştır. Destanlar çocuk isteği, çocuğun doğumu,çocuğun özellikleri, çocuğun büyümesi, çocuğun eğitimi, çocuktanbeklentiler ve çocuğa saygı olmak üzere yedi tema ve bunlara ilişkin alttemalara ayrılmıştır. Tema ve alt temalara ilişkin elde edilen bulgularliteratürle desteklenerek tartışılmıştır.

In this study, we present first results of RAPIDMAP, a project funded by European Union in a framework aiming to foster the cooperation of European countries with Japan in R&D. The main objective of RAPIDMAP is to construct a Decision Support System (DSS) based on remote sensing data and WebGIS technologies, where users can easily access real-time information assisting with disaster analysis. In this paper, we present a case study of the Tohoku Tsunami Disaster 2011. We address two approaches namely change detection based on SAR data and co-registration of optical and SAR satellite images. With respect to SAR data, our efforts are subdivided into three parts: (1) initial coarse change detection for entire area, (2) flood area detection, and (3) linearfeature change detection. The investigations are based on pre- and post-event TerraSAR-X images. In (1), two pre- and post-event TerraSAR-X images are accurately co-registered and radiometrically calibrated. Data are fused in a false-color image that provides a quick and rough overview of potential changes, which is useful for initial decision making and identifying areas worthwhile to be analysed further in more depth. However, a bunch of inevitable false alarms appear within the scene caused by speckle, temporal decorrelation, co-registration inaccuracy and so on. In (2), the post-event TerraSAR-X data are used to extract the flood area by using thresholding and morphological approaches. The validated result indicates that using SAR data combining with suitable morphological approaches is a quick and effective way to detect flood area. Except for usage of SAR data, the false-color image composed of optical images are also used to detect flood area for further exploration in this part. In (3), Curvelet filtering is applied in the difference image of pre- and post-event TerraSAR-X images not only to suppress false alarms of irregular-features, but also to enhance the change signals of linear-features (e.g. buildings) in settlements. Afterwards, thresholding is exploited to extract the linear-feature changes. In rapid mapping of disasters various sensors are often employed, including optical and SAR, since they provide complementary information. Such data needs to be analyzed in an integrated fashion and the results from each dataset should be integrated in a GIS with a common coordinate reference system. Thus, if no orthoimages can be generated, the images should be co-registered employing matching of common features. We present results of co-registration between optical (FORMOSAT-2) and TerraSAR-X images based on different matching methods, and also techniques for detecting and eliminating matching errors.

Conservation of what are termed large-scale archaeological sites in China has been undertaken since the turn of the twenty-first century due to increasing threats posed by natural disasters and urbanization, as well as the needs to display and utilize these archaeological sites. Changing administrative structures and new approaches to conserving and utilizing large-scale sites are attempting to address these threats and needs. This paper presents a classification of these large-scale sites, as well as three typical cases for a detailed discussion. Using published literature and field surveys, this study addresses two main issues. The first issue is how governmental agencies adjust current organizations and mechanisms in order to satisfy the social, ecological, and economic requirements of a project. The second issue is how governmental agencies identify the responsibilities of different stakeholders in relation to the conservation of archaeological sites within the context of local development. ; Depuis le début du vingt-et-unième siècle, on a vu en Chine un développement de la conservation des sites archéologiques à grande échelle face aux menaces croissantes issues de l'urbanisation ou des catastrophes naturelles, mais aussi face au besoin d'exposer et d'utiliser les sites archéologiques. Pour répondre aux difficultés posées par ce défi, des changements de structures administratives ainsi que de nouvelles approches de conservation et d'utilisation des sites à grande échelle ont été mis en œuvre. Ce texte présente dans le détail la classification des cas typiques de ces sites à grande échelle. Puis, s'appuyant sur la littérature et des enquêtes de terrain, il cherche à résoudre deux questions fondamentales. Premièrement, de quelle manière les agences gouvernementales adaptent les organisations et mécanismes existants pour répondre aux exigences sociales, écologiques et économiques de ces projets ? Deuxièmement, comment identifier les responsabilités des différents acteurs dans la conservation de sites archéologiques dans des contextes de développement local ? ; Desde o começo do século 21, a China desenvolve projetos de conservação de sítios arqueológicos em grande escala diante das ameaças ligadas à urbanização e às catástrofes naturais, bem como diante da necessidade de mostrar e usar os sítios arqueológicos. Para resolver as dificuldades encontradas, houve modificações de estruturas administrativas como desenvolvimento de novos meios de conservação e uso de sítios de grande escala. Este texto apresenta de forma detalhada a classificação dos casos típicos destes sítios. Apoiando-se na literatura como em pesquisas de campo, o texto tenta resolver duas interrogações fundamentais. A primeira, trata de entender a maneira cuja as agências governamentais adaptam as organizações e os mecanismos existentes para cumprir as exigências sociais, econômicas e ecológicas destes projetos. A segunda, procura esclarecer como identificar as responsabilidades dos diferentes atores na conservação de sítios arqueológicos em contextos de desenvolvimento local.

The relevance of the topic: Current social work rhetoric has a tendency to categorize individuals in negative terminology, such as "socially supported," "social risk families," "foster kids," "long-term unemployed," etc. (Zalimiene, 2011). These categorizations encompass a very large segment of society. On the one hand, social welfare and social work systems in today's society include a large variety of social groups and individuals; on the other hand, during a crisis, the need for social support in Lithuania is increasing. The emergence of social risk families is determined by external factors (ecological crisis and disasters, sudden political and social turns in the country, the weakening of communal bonds) or internal factors (the inability to solve problems constructively, the inability to foster long-term relationships, the lack of parenting skills, etc.). For these reasons, social risk families have become categorized negatively (Siauciuniene, 2010). The application of the "social risk families" label have had a negative impact on families raising children because most of them are afraid of being assigned to this category. It has been noticed that quite often large families do not want to take advantage of the eligible welfare funds because of the social stigma associated with this category. Based on a number of studies, one third of large families belong to the group of social risk families (www3.lrs.lt/docs2/NJGEDUYP.DOC [žr. 2018-01-25]). Objectives of this study: the social workers' attitude toward categorization of families into social risk families. The goal of this study: to identify the social worker's attitude toward categorization to ensure the welfare of the families. The first section of this master thesis analyzes the concept of social risk families as a category of social politicy. The second part of this master thesis analyzes how categorizing families into social risk families contradicts the fundamental principles and values of social workers. The third part of this master thesis studies the social worker's attitude toward the effects of categorization on the changes associated with motivating families. Characterization of the study: Qualitative type of study was chosen. Participants, who work with social risk families, were chosen from Utena District Center for Social Work. Six social workers were interviewed. The study was done using a half-structured interview, containing sixteen questions. Interviews took up to forty minutes. The study was conducted in December, 2017 during the final professional social work practice. The data of this study was analyzed applying the qualitative content analysis. During the study, confidentiality, anonymity, human honor, honesty, and objectivity were ensured.