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Cities and Disasters presents interdisciplinary and multinational perspectives on emergency management policy, economic development, and the various factors that affect the recovery process after natural disasters strike urban areas. The book has three central themes: policy, urbanity, and the interplay of events after disasters that affect the process of a community's return to normalcy. It covers differing approaches to emergency management policy at local, state, and federal levels, as well as economic development and redevelopment issues in urban areas. It also analyzes the issues of race and ethnicity involved in urban disaster response and recovery plans. The book looks at recent catastrophes such as Hurricane Katrina, Superstorm Sandy, and the 2011 earthquake and tsunami in East Japan. The case studies highlight the diverse challenges that communities face with regard to emergency planning and response. Given global climate change, rising sea levels, and the increasing impacts of disasters upon people, particularly in densely populated urban areas, there is a clear and urgent necessity to rethink issues involved in preparation methods for disasters and their aftermath. The analyses in Cities and Disasters help guide policymakers and policy actors in making decisions that strengthen communities for the future.

Intro -- Dedication -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- About the Author -- Chapter 1: Public Health Disasters -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 The Current State of Knowledge vis-à-vis Public Health Disasters -- 1.3 Conceptual Dynamics of Public Health Disasters -- 1.4 Ethical Dynamics of Public Health Disasters -- 1.5 Global Dynamics of Public Health Disasters -- 1.6 Methodology -- 1.7 Conclusion -- Bibliography -- Chapter 2: Ebola Viral Outbreaks: A Ubuntuan Ethical Approach -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.1.1 Nature & Risk Dynamics of Ebola Viral Disease -- 2.1.2 Socio-cultural Dynamics of Ebola Viral Disease -- 2.2 Ethical Issues Embedded in Ebola Outbreaks -- 2.2.1 Vulnerability -- 2.2.2 Human Dignity & Rights Violations -- 2.2.3 Local & Global Justice -- 2.2.4 Rationing -- 2.3 Ubuntu Moral Lens vis-à-vis the Quandaries of EVD -- 2.3.1 The Concept of Ubuntu -- 2.3.2 Ubuntu vis-à-vis the Quandaries of EVD -- 2.4 Conclusion -- Bibliography -- Chapter 3: Pandemic Influenza: A Comparative Ethical Approach -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.1.1 Biological Features of Pandemic Influenza Outbreaks -- 3.1.2 Social and Global Features of Pandemic Influenza Outbreaks -- 3.2 Responses to Pandemic Influenza Outbreaks -- 3.2.1 Therapeutic Responses -- 3.2.2 Non-therapeutic Responses -- 3.3 Ethical Issues Embedded in Pandemic Influenza Outbreaks -- 3.3.1 Uncertainty -- 3.3.2 Human Rights -- 3.3.3 Vulnerability -- 3.3.4 Local and Global Justice -- 3.4 A People-Centric Approach to Pandemic Influenza Outbreaks -- 3.4.1 Communitarianism: Conceptual Elaboration -- 3.4.1.1 Communitarianism vis-à-vis the Quandaries of Pandemic Influenza -- 3.4.2 Ethics of Care: Conceptual Elaboration -- 3.4.2.1 Ethics of Care vis-à-vis the Quandaries of Pandemic Influenza Outbreaks -- 3.5 Conclusion -- Bibliography -- Chapter 4: Silent Public Health Disasters: An Anthropo-­ecological Approach.

Intro -- Unraveling Environmental Disasters -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- References -- Chapter 1: Disaster characterization -- The taxonomy of disasters -- Sources of disaster -- Risk and precaution -- Perception -- Disasters from a societal perspective -- References -- Chapter 2: Failure -- Events -- Disasters as failures -- Reliability -- Types of failure -- Failure Type 1: Miscalculations -- Failure Type 2: Extraordinary natural circumstances -- Failure Type 3: Critical path -- Failure Type 4: Negligence -- Failure Type 5: Inaccurate prediction of contingencies -- Types of disasters -- Sources of disaster -- Disasters from a societal perspective -- Systems engineering -- Seveso plant disaster -- References -- Chapter 3: Science -- Scientific advancement -- Laws of motion -- Fluid properties -- Laws of thermodynamics -- Science in the public eye -- Fukushima disaster -- Tornadoes -- Flooding -- E. coli outbreaks -- Heatwaves -- Fires -- COVID-19 -- References -- Chapter 4: Chemical public health disasters -- Introduction -- Cancer -- Strength of association [10] -- Consistency -- Specificity -- Temporality -- Biologic gradient -- Scientific plausibility -- Coherence -- Experimentation -- Analogy -- Developmental effects and endocrine disruption -- Neurotoxicity -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 5: Explosions -- Dust -- Causes of dust explosions -- Combustible material -- Finely divided form -- Oxygen -- Ignition source -- Concentration of the dust particles -- Containment -- Reducing risk of dust explosion -- Road transport explosions -- Ammonium nitrate explosions -- Picric acid and TNT -- Methyl isocyanate -- Natural explosions-volcanoes -- Warfare explosions -- Fire -- References -- Chapter 6: Atmospheric plumes -- Nomenclature -- Early air quality disasters -- Donora -- Poza Rica -- London, England -- New York City.

International audience ; The book includes twelve contributions (three in French, four in English, five in Italian) covering a wide spectrum of locations around the world: from Hawaii to Italy (Sicily, the Alps, the Neapolitan area: the Phlegraean Fields, Ischia island and mount Vesuvius), from the Democratic Republic of Congo to India, from Papua New Guinea to Latin America. It proceeds from different interpretative perspectives, so as to overcome the disciplinary boundaries and to encourage readings that can be integrated with each other. The same variety is present both in the field of disasters and in popular/oral literature. In the first case, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, droughts, landslides and mudflows, glaciers and global warming are evoked. In the second, popular legends, proverbs, fairy tales, myths, collective memory, plausible tales, conspiracy theories and urban legends.BOOK INDEX:Preface - Joel CandauIntroduction - Giovanni Gugg, Elisabetta Dall'O', Domenica BorrielloSection I - Magnitude1. L'isola nata in mezzo al mare. Mitopoiesi, disastri e microcosmi - Ugo Vuoso2. The Papua New Guinea Liquefied Natural Gas Project and the moral decay of the universe - Michael Main3. Pozzuoli, 2 marzo 1970: lo sgombero del rione Terra nella memoria dei puteolani - Maria Laura LongoSection II - Eruptions4. Il vulcano meraviglioso. Antropologia del racconto fantastico vesuviano - Giovanni Gugg5. Les Volcans des Virunga à l'Est de la République Démocratique du Congo, une perception populaire: un mythe ou une réalité ? - Patrick Habakaramo, Gracia Mutalegwa, Justin Kahuranyi, Katcho Karume6. Ka wahine 'ai honua, la donna che divora la terra: un'analisi ecoantropologica del mito di Pele - Emanuela Borgnino 7. The Veil of Saint Agatha in Popular Narratives of Etna Risk - Salvatore Cannizzaro, Gian Luigi Corinto Section III - Conspiracies8. Les théories du complot : entre croyances, légendes et menaces sociales - Christine Bonardi 9. Une esthétique de l'impensable. Miettes pour une anthropologie généralisée du ...

International audience ; The book includes twelve contributions (three in French, four in English, five in Italian) covering a wide spectrum of locations around the world: from Hawaii to Italy (Sicily, the Alps, the Neapolitan area: the Phlegraean Fields, Ischia island and mount Vesuvius), from the Democratic Republic of Congo to India, from Papua New Guinea to Latin America. It proceeds from different interpretative perspectives, so as to overcome the disciplinary boundaries and to encourage readings that can be integrated with each other. The same variety is present both in the field of disasters and in popular/oral literature. In the first case, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, droughts, landslides and mudflows, glaciers and global warming are evoked. In the second, popular legends, proverbs, fairy tales, myths, collective memory, plausible tales, conspiracy theories and urban legends.BOOK INDEX:Preface - Joel CandauIntroduction - Giovanni Gugg, Elisabetta Dall'O', Domenica BorrielloSection I - Magnitude1. L'isola nata in mezzo al mare. Mitopoiesi, disastri e microcosmi - Ugo Vuoso2. The Papua New Guinea Liquefied Natural Gas Project and the moral decay of the universe - Michael Main3. Pozzuoli, 2 marzo 1970: lo sgombero del rione Terra nella memoria dei puteolani - Maria Laura LongoSection II - Eruptions4. Il vulcano meraviglioso. Antropologia del racconto fantastico vesuviano - Giovanni Gugg5. Les Volcans des Virunga à l'Est de la République Démocratique du Congo, une perception populaire: un mythe ou une réalité ? - Patrick Habakaramo, Gracia Mutalegwa, Justin Kahuranyi, Katcho Karume6. Ka wahine 'ai honua, la donna che divora la terra: un'analisi ecoantropologica del mito di Pele - Emanuela Borgnino 7. The Veil of Saint Agatha in Popular Narratives of Etna Risk - Salvatore Cannizzaro, Gian Luigi Corinto Section III - Conspiracies8. Les théories du complot : entre croyances, légendes et menaces sociales - Christine Bonardi 9. Une esthétique de l'impensable. Miettes pour une anthropologie généralisée du ...

Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- Mapping Disasters -- Predicting Floods Using Maps -- Earthquakes! -- Volcanoes! -- Dangerous Winds! -- Wind and Fire -- Avoiding Shipwrecks -- Mining Disasters -- Tsunami Waves -- Hot, Dry Weather -- Predicting Disasters -- Avalanche! -- Monitoring the Weather -- Glossary -- Read More -- Index -- Answers -- Back Cover

This article examines why disasters of similar types differentially affect countries throughout the world. Despite a plethora of studies in the disaster field, such a theme has hitherto not been systematically pursued. Concepts of government effectiveness, government instability, available resources, and social context are incorporated into a structural model that seeks to explain differentials in impact. A derivative measurement model is tested using a merged data archive based on the Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance (OFDA)'s Disaster History Update Program and Banks' Cross-National Time Series. The model holds well for five disaster categories (accident, volcano, earthquake, drought, epidemic), modestly for two more (storm and flood), and fails to explain differences only for landslide and fire.