Suchergebnisse

近年来,针对就业和就学中遭遇歧视的困境,中国乙肝携带者发起一场要求消除歧视、维护合法权益的抗争运动。为什么乙肝携带者就业歧视问题在中国如此显著?面对国家和市场这两大最具权势的系统,公民社会将何以对抗?本文旨在从社会学的视角对这场"将'乙肝'去除"的运动进行解读。 ; 本文采用个案研究方法,以北京益仁平中心为主要研究对象,围绕 "乙肝"在中国的建构和重构过程,将研究聚焦于三个方面:第一,乙肝污名化过程以及国家、市场中的话语权;第二,反乙肝歧视维权运动的条件和动员机制;第三,"将'乙肝'去除"中的政治和权力话语三角。 ; 本文从社会运动理论中的资源动员、政治机会结构和框架理论出发解读中国乙肝携带者的维权运动;将运动中的微观景象与宏观社会结构结合起来,考察影响乙肝携带者维权运动的主要因素以及运动的动员机制。研究伊始分别从国家和市场两个领域审视乙肝歧视问题在中国的建构过程,阐明乙肝污名化是政府权威以及市场中医药商和医学权威共谋下的合力作用,从而为乙肝携带者反歧视抗争运动的后续研究选择一个合适的立足点。笔者在案例中发现,组织在维权运动中将乙肝携带者群体动员起来,采取有效的策略,充分利用其在资源获得方面的优势、建立乙肝维权组织网络、善于把握时机营造政治机会空间、并能够吸纳律师和媒体的专业力量是维权行动能取得成功的重要因素。 ; 组织在维权行动中的话语框架对运动的发展至关重要。乙肝携带者群体对组织运动框架的认同是动员成功的基础;掌握定义"乙肝"的主动权、运动领袖的可信性、框架话语表达的日常化、与媒体的良好关系等策略有助于框架在动员中与参与者、旁观者产生共鸣;抗争精英通过话语框架为抗争活动提供合法性。 ; 反乙肝歧视维权运动可以看作是一个"将'乙肝'去除"的"去污名化"运动。一方面,中央政府与地方政府有着各自自主性利益;另一方面,乙肝携带者群体内部就抗争形式也难以统一,这两种分裂情况交叉形成了一个围绕"将'乙肝'去除"的,以规则、效益和权利为话语的权力三角,支撑反歧视行动的抗争空间。权力三角的多变性决定去除"乙肝"的行动是有策略的、冒险的,但却相对稳定。 ; Hepatitis B Virus carriers (HBVers) have launched series social movements targeting at eliminating discriminations against HBVers in job market and promoting fair employment in recent decade of years. Why does nowhere match the HBV discrimination in such country like China? How is contentious politics possible when the powerless engage in struggles with power holders, like state and market in China? The thesis attempts to learn the intricacies of body politics with sociological approaches. ; Yirenping, a NGO located in Beijing, is selected as research object in this case study. Concentrating on the political nature of the HBV confrontations, this thesis is comprised of three parts: first, the stigmatization of HBV in China; second, tactics and strategies that employed against the system of discrimination; third, the politics of "Removing HBV" and the power triangle among state, market and civil society. ; The analysis of the HBV movement is informed by three sociological theories of social movements: resource mobilization, political opportunity structure and framing, meanwhile macro structure and micro interaction are combined. It is ...

本文以明人對宦官態度轉變及其相應行動爲中心,著重從政治文化互動的角度,探討在明代君權專制強化而滋生發達宦官政治情況之下,士大夫如何因應這一政治結構和政治生態的變化,調整思維與行動的方式,施展和落實儒家的政治理想與目標的過程、言行表現及其意義。 ; 本文認爲明代中後期的士大夫在對待宦官態度與問題上,出現重要的轉變與調適,他們趨向於呼籲改變與宦官對立的關係,普遍強調宦官具備與常"人"一致的天性與善端,主張以引導和"教化"的方式令其從善。這一思維轉向的要義,是中晚明的士大夫在承認宦官官僚政治和認識宦官顯著角色及地位的基礎上,思考通過"改造"宦官進而改善政治。 ; 中晚明時期這股思維轉向更重要地表現為以"化宦"為中心内容的行動與實踐。對宦官讀書之所--内書堂重振的共識與努力以及撰作宦官教化用書,即是這一實踐的直接落實。中晚明人士在内書堂教育和撰作宦官教化書籍中,均重視以歷史和本朝歷史上的宦官善惡實例來強化宦官道德理想教育,感召和鼓勵其去惡向善、忠君愛國以及輔養君德。這是他們借"化宦"來"格君"的努力,是他們施展上層經世理想的表現和重要内容。 ; 在晚明集中出現的衆多宦官教化用書中,萬曆初王畿所作"化宦"書《中鑒錄》是一本對宦官有實際影響和感召力的著作。這與書中揚棄傳統偏見,尊重並同情宦官歷史,鼓勵他們具有常"人"的良知等情形密切關係。與之相反的個案則是張世則撰作的《貂璫史鑒》,以受到宦官排斥告終。其"成敗"視乎它們有否契合中晚明以來宦官在知識文化增廣之餘主體和自我意識提高的趨向。 ; 綜核本文討論所得,主要有以下三點認識。第一,明代士人與宦官的關係複雜多樣,不能以對抗與勾結的二元結構予以簡單處理。中晚明時期不斷出現的"化宦"思想和實踐顯示,士大夫傾向於覺得他們與宦官處於同一政治文化之中,並且有意強化已趨"一體"的向路。第二,在政治現實不利和政治空間有限的情況下,明代士大夫能務實而敏銳地利用"化宦"來"格君",可見他們不曾放棄得君行道的理想,熱情未減。這是政治與文化之間高度呼應、交互影響與滲透的應有真義和全貌。第三,儒家核心價值系統中的原則為後人改造世界提供精神和經典的來源。中晚明人士思考宦官具有"人"的面向與價值並將他們納入"有教無類"之中,顯示儒家價值系統只有回到現實政治與社會生活中並積極地予以回應,摸爬滾打中,才能得到充實和實踐。這是儒學實踐性的特點和要求。 ; This dissertation studies the attitudes and actions of scholar-officials to the eunuchs in the Ming dynasty. From the perspective of political and cultural interaction, it explores how scholar-officials coped with changes in the political structures and political ecologies in which eunuch politics became a major issue of government. It examines scholar-officials' thinking and action in dealing with the eunuchs while attempting to implement their political ideal when monarchical despotism reigned in Ming times. ; The study finds that there are important changes in scholar-officials' attitudes in mid and late Ming times. Instead of discrimination against eunuchs they tended to see eunuchs as their equal as human beings. They believed that eunuchs have similar human nature and humaneness as theirs, and advocated making them good imperial servants by moral and civil education. They adopted an approach that government improvement can be achieved by "transforming the eunuchs through a Confucian-based education and recognizing the eunuch's ...

Reciting the Words as Doing the Rite: Language Ideology and Its Social Consequences in the Hmong's Qhuab Kev (Showing the Way) / Huang Shu-li -- Chief, God, or National Hero? Representing Nong Zhigao in Chinese Ethnic Minority Society / Kao Ya-ning -- The Venerable Flying Mountain: Patron Deity on the Border of Hunan and Guizhou / Zhang Yingqiang -- Surviving Conquest in Dali: Chiefs, Deities, and Ancestors / Lian Ruizhi -- From Woman's Fertility to Masculine Authority: The Story of the White Emperor Heavenly Kings in Western Hunan / Xie Xiaohui -- The Past Tells It Differently: The Myth of Native Subjugation in the Creation of Lineage Society in South China / He Xi -- The Tusi That Never Was: Find an Ancestor, Connect to the State / David Faure -- The Wancheng Native Officialdom: Social Production and Social Reproduction / James Wilkerson -- Gendering Ritual Community across the Chinese Southwest Borderland / Ho Ts'ui-p'ing.

Tang, Li. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2007. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 130-137). ; Abstracts in English and Chinese. ; Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 ; Chapter 2 --- Literature Review --- p.9 ; Chapter 2.1 --- Subaltern Public Sphere --- p.9 ; Chapter 2.1.1 --- Public Sphere: Liberal Model --- p.9 ; Chapter 2.1.2 --- Criticism on Unitary Public Sphere --- p.11 ; Chapter 2.1.3 --- Subaltern Public Sphere --- p.12 ; Chapter 2.1.4 --- Criteria for Subaltern Public Sphere --- p.14 ; Chapter 2.1.5 --- External Parties --- p.16 ; Chapter 2.1.6 --- Public Sphere in the Cyberspace --- p.17 ; Chapter 2.2 --- Public Sphere in Contemporary China --- p.19 ; Chapter 2.2.1 --- Application of the Concept of Public Sphere in China --- p.19 ; Chapter 2.2.2 --- Dominant Public Sphere in China --- p.21 ; Chapter 2.2.3 --- Subaltern Groups in China --- p.23 ; Chapter 2.2.4 --- Subaltern Public Spheres in Chinese Cyberspace --- p.25 ; Chapter 2.2.5 --- HBV Carriers Group and the Forum --- p.28 ; Chapter 3 --- Research Design --- p.32 ; Chapter 3.1 --- Overall Conceptual Framework --- p.32 ; Chapter 3.2 --- Research Questions --- p.33 ; Chapter 3.3 --- Research Methods --- p.36 ; Chapter 3.3.1 --- Textual Analysis --- p.36 ; Chapter 3.3.2 --- Interviews --- p.39 ; Chapter 4 --- Brief Overview of the Forum --- p.43 ; Chapter 4.1 --- Overall Development --- p.43 ; Chapter 4.2 --- Structure --- p.46 ; Chapter 4.3 --- Users --- p.50 ; Chapter 5 --- Empowerment on the Discursive Level --- p.53 ; Chapter 5.1 --- Characteristics of the Forum --- p.53 ; Chapter 5.1.1 --- Alternative Topic --- p.53 ; Chapter 5.1.2 --- Alternative Information of HBV --- p.54 ; Chapter 5.1.3 --- Discourse of Self-Narrative --- p.59 ; Chapter 5.1.4 --- Forum Accessibility --- p.61 ; Chapter 5.1.5 --- Relative Equality --- p.62 ; Chapter 5.2 --- Rhetoric of Innocence --- p.64 ; Chapter 5.2.1 --- Attribution of the Spread of HBV --- p.65 ; Chapter 5.2.2 --- Attribution of Discrimination --- p.68 ; Chapter 5.3 --- ...

Tam, Sin Yu Ophelia. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2007. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 203-209). ; Abstracts in English and Chinese. ; Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 ; Scope of study --- p.1 ; The policy change in the context of the education system in Hong Kong --- p.4 ; Theoretical discussion and literature review --- p.10 ; Definition of terms --- p.10 ; Multicultural education --- p.16 ; Newspaper coverage of South Asians in Hong Kong --- p.22 ; My methodology and its problems --- p.26 ; My involvement in the field --- p.26 ; Areas of study --- p.30 ; Methodological problems --- p.32 ; Summary of chapters --- p.37 ; Chapter Chapter 2 --- Historical and Socioeconomic Context of South Asians in Hong Kong --- p.40 ; Introduction --- p.40 ; Socioeconomic situation of South Asians --- p.43 ; Occupational pattern --- p.43 ; Language spoken --- p.47 ; Educational attainment --- p.50 ; Discrimination and legislation --- p.56 ; Concluding remarks --- p.58 ; Chapter Chapter 3 --- The Educational Opportunities and Education Systems for Ethnic Minorities in Hong Kong --- p.60 ; Introduction --- p.60 ; Medium of instruction in history --- p.61 ; Education systems in Hong Kong for ethnic minorities --- p.69 ; Three types of schools based on the medium of instruction --- p.69 ; The fieldsite school - a case study --- p.75 ; The policy change --- p.80 ; The school place allocation system for ethnic minorities --- p.81 ; Concluding remarks --- p.84 ; Chapter Chapter 4 --- Views of the Education and Manpower Bureau --- p.87 ; Introduction --- p.87 ; Background --- p.88 ; Promoting integration --- p.90 ; School closer to home --- p.97 ; The principle of equal opportunities --- p.98 ; More choice of schools --- p.102 ; Concluding remarks --- p.104 ; Chapter Chapter 5 --- Views of the Concern Group --- p.107 ; Introduction --- p.107 ; "Background: The meaning of ""integration""" --- p.107 ; Better Chinese language skills? --- p.112 ; Lack of resources and long-term planning --- ...