Suchergebnisse

The early stages of investigations into homicides involving disposal of the victim are often marked by considerable information deficits. Because criminal dismemberment of a body is an exceptionally rare event, even lengthy service in the police or forensic medicine profession rarely permits the acquisition of sufficient experience of the particular features of the phenomenology and the experience required for a routine investigative methodology. Therefore, an analysis of the literature on criminal dismemberment of a body going beyond previously published case reports seemed to be needed. With 448 cases, by far the largest collection of data on this topic to date is presented. The study contains a detailed analysis of criminal dismemberment in both single and serial murders. The primary objective was to develop potential approaches to investigations into such crimes.

As soon as Maximos Confessor had died on August 13th 662 due to the effects of dismemberment—his punishment, following a charge of high treason against him and his students—he was seen and revered as a martyr and saint by his followers. During their seven-year banishment, after the first trial in the year 655, those punished interpreted their deliberately accepted punishment as martyrdom, which they documented in literary works, which were later called lawsuit protocols. They modeled the texts upon early Christian martyr trials, and used many elements of the theology of martyrdom for self-identification. By doing so, the group of Palestinian monks that followed Maximos tried to defend themselves against the charges brought against them, arguing that their ecclesiastical, political, and theological enemies were like the persecutors. Because the motives of the punished are very clear, unlike those of the early Christian martyrs, it remains to be seen, whether or not the death of Maximos Confessor really is a martyrdom, especially considering the political and ecclesiastical intrigues as well as the provocative theological stubbornness of Maximos himself. ; Peer Reviewed

Wesentlicher Bestandteil eines effektiven Insolvenzrechts ist die Errichtung von Mechanismen, die dem Schutz der Insolvenzmasse dienen. Diese sollen verhindern, dass Gläubiger auf das Vermögen des Schuldners zugreifen und bereits zu Verfahrensbeginn den Großteil der Masse aufzehren. Das US-amerikanische Insolvenzrecht regelt in section 362 des Bankruptcy Code einen umfassenden Verfahrensstillstand. Dabei handelt es sich um den sogenannten automatic stay, der nahezu sämtliche Betreibungshandlungen der Gläubiger gegen den Schuldner unterbindet. Die vorliegende Arbeit liefert eine detaillierte Darstellung des US-amerikanischen Verfahrensstillstands. Aufgrund der Eigenheiten des US-amerikanischen Insolvenzrechts werden zu Beginn der Arbeit die Rechtsquellen des amerikanischen Konkursrechts erläutert. Daran anschließend werden die geschichtliche Entwicklung des Verfahrensstillstands und der Zweck der Regelung beschrieben. Der größte Teil der Arbeit widmet sich der Tragweite des automatic stay. Dabei werden der Wirkungsbeginn als auch die einzelnen Handlungen bzw Maßnahmen die der stay zum Erliegen bringt beschrieben. Darüber hinaus werden die Ausnahmebestimmungen des Verfahrensstillstands und die Beendigung, insbesondere die gerichtliche Aufhebung des automatic stay auf Antrag eines Beteiligten, genau beleuchtet. Im Anschluss an die Darstellung des automatic stay werden vergleichbare österreichische Regelungen überblicksweise dargestellt und der US-amerikanischen Bestimmung gegenübergestellt. ; An essential part of an effective insolvency law is the establishment of protective mechanisms to preserve the bankruptcy estate and to prevent dismemberment of the debtor's assets by creditor actions at the outset of a bankruptcy proceeding. Section 362 of the US-Bankruptcy Code describes an extensive stay of proceedings. It is called the "automatic stay" and it halts almost all efforts by creditors to enforce their claims against the debtor. The present paper provides a detailed presentation of the US-American automatic stay. Due to peculiarities of US-American Bankruptcy law the sources of law in the United States are described at the beginning of the work. Following this introduction the paper deals with the legislative history as well as the purpose of the stay. My thesis specifically covers the scope of the automatic stay including the time when the stay arises and actions to which the stay applies. Furthermore exceptions to the stay and the termination of the stay, especially the relief from the stay on request of a party in interest, are examined in detail. Following the presentation of the "automatic stay" similar Austrian provisions are shortly described and compared with the US-American provision. ; von Christof Schönfelder ; Abweichender Titel laut Übersetzung der Verfasserin/des Verfassers ; Graz, Univ., Dipl.-Arb., 2012 ; (VLID)222874