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Introduction.--I. The historical aspect: The distribution of intelligence.--II. The modern aspect: The scientific distribution of commodities. The value of advertisement to the producer and retailer. The value of advertisement to the consumer. The technique of advertising. The nature of advertising genius. Service and the modern advertising agency. The possibility of business literature.--III. The prophetic aspect: The scientific distribution of ideas in general. The scientific distribution of state policy. The scientific distribution of political thought. The scientific distribution of literature. The scientific distribution of social propaganda. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Introduction.--I. The historical aspect: The distribution of intelligence.--II. The modern aspect: The scientific distribution of commodities. The value of advertisement to the producer and retailer. The value of advertisement to the consumer. The technique of advertising. The psychology of advertising genius. Service and the modern advertising agency. The possibilities of business literature.--III. The prophetic aspect: The scientific distribution of ideas in general. The scientific distribution of state policy. The scientific distribution of political thought. The scientific distribution of literature. The scientific distribution of social propaganda. ; Mode of access: Internet.

In this paper, I show that the income-autonomous demand multiplier of Keynesian-Kaleckian models is endogenous to changes in income distribution. This effect gives rise to non-linearity of distributional effects, even in basic models. Under certain conditions, an important consequence from the distribution-sensitive multiplier is that a higher wage share can have increasingly expansionary effects, which might even shift a profit-led investment regime to a wage-led one in the basic post-Kaleckian model. Surprisingly, the respective literature on distribution and growth largely ignored these features of Keynesian-Kaleckian macroeconomic models. After a theoretical discussion on the implications of the distribution-sensitive multiplier in basic closed- and openeconomy models, I present a counterfactual illustration based on empirical parameter estimations from the literature and the development of functional income distribution for selected EU countries. My analysis indicates that a rising profit share has put partial downward pressure on the wage-ledness of aggregate demand in many EU countries. These results stress the relevance of this particular form of path dependency for empirical research and policy debates on distribution and growth.

To minimize the poverty level among general public, Government of India promoted Public distribution system for extending basic necessary goods at subsidized rates. But their primary motto has not been fulfilled due to numerous problems prevailing in PDS. Thus, an attempt has been made in this study to ascertain the Problems prevailing in PDS. The result of the study indicates that Adulteration, Distribution of inferior quality goods, Under Weighment are the common problems found in Public distribution system.

What ethical considerations are made in decisions on distribution of scarce health care resources? Are the distributional decisions consciously based on explicit ethical principles, and if so, what principles? Both theoretical and political arguments on distribution of scarce medical resources frequently make simultaneous considerations of costs, probability of positive effects of medical treatment, and ethical values, possibly sacrificing explicit formulation of the ethical problem (or each element in general). To explicate the normative problem, it is convenient to distinguish between the three parts. A model of elements in the decision problem is presented. These elements are: Costs (C), probability of positive effect of treatment (P), and the (ethical) values related to the treatment of an individual (V). Stipulation of values on C, P, and V, respectively, is further discussed; ethical considerations (V) are the primary focus. Arguments for specific distributional principles are distinguished depending on whether the basis is P, V or C.

This is a review article on the history of retailing, which has not been studied in France as much as in other countries. Indeed, one knows quite well the history of French department stores in the 19th century, but the influence of the United States on French retailing or the "invention" of the supermarket in France are for instance less known. A program of research on the history of retailing in France should take into account not only business practices but also social, political and cultural evolutions. ; L'histoire de la distribution est un objet passionnant mais encore peu étudié par les historiens français. En proposant un tableau des travaux existants, cet article veut ouvrir une série de pistes de recherches possibles. Si l'épopée des grands magasins français au xixe siècle est connue, on a trop peu analysé l'influence des États-Unis sur les mutations du grand commerce dans la première moitié du xxe siècle. La « révolution de l'hypermarché » a plus été proclamée qu'approchée avec un regard d'historien. Le projet d'une histoire de la distribution en France se doit d'être à la fois une histoire des entreprises, des évolutions sociales, du rôle de l'État et des mutations culturelles dans un contexte de plus en plus mondialisé.

This is a review article on the history of retailing, which has not been studied in France as much as in other countries. Indeed, one knows quite well the history of French department stores in the 19th century, but the influence of the United States on French retailing or the "invention" of the supermarket in France are for instance less known. A program of research on the history of retailing in France should take into account not only business practices but also social, political and cultural evolutions. ; L'histoire de la distribution est un objet passionnant mais encore peu étudié par les historiens français. En proposant un tableau des travaux existants, cet article veut ouvrir une série de pistes de recherches possibles. Si l'épopée des grands magasins français au xixe siècle est connue, on a trop peu analysé l'influence des États-Unis sur les mutations du grand commerce dans la première moitié du xxe siècle. La « révolution de l'hypermarché » a plus été proclamée qu'approchée avec un regard d'historien. Le projet d'une histoire de la distribution en France se doit d'être à la fois une histoire des entreprises, des évolutions sociales, du rôle de l'État et des mutations culturelles dans un contexte de plus en plus mondialisé.

Since the phrase income distribution covers a large number of different concepts, it is necessary to define these and to indicate the choice made in this article. Income for a given recipient may cover lists of items which are not always the same. Apart from popular misunderstandings about which items to include and exclude, statistical sources on incomes use varying definitions, often because of the data available. Tax statistics, which are among the most important sources for income data, sometimes exclude items because tax legislation contains allowances or includes items because of traditional concepts of income. The data from this source have been processed by a number of authors seeking to approximate the economic income concept, and it is assumed that this aim more or less has been attained. In other words, the article assumes that, in principle, the income figures used in the more sophisticated studies available cover the economic income concept and, more precisely, primary income, which is considered identical to income before tax.

In the course of recent years or thereabouts, India has taken quick walks in the improvement of the power part both regarding upgrading power age and also in making power accessible to broadly disseminated regions of the nation. Keeping in mind the end goal to take care of the expanding demand for power, to fuel the financial development of the nation, vast increases to the current creating limit and advancement of related transmission and appropriation arrange are required. Be that as it may, amid this period, the power division has perceived to be filled with some principal shortcomings, which represented the start of the change procedure in the Sector. Despite the fact that various approach activities have been set up, the undertaking of changing the power area is yet to be accomplished. Power age is the pointer of monetary development and mechanical improvement of any nation. India has a substantial verity of inexhaustible and non sustainable power source assets still it endures absence of age, Transmission and appropriation of power because of its poor arrangements and week arranging technique. This paper features some of these holes and endeavors to investigate the issue. Sakshi Dinesh Jawade | Dinesh V. Rojatkar "Power Distribution - A Challange" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-6 , October 2017, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd4657.pdf

Tourism is a resource that can be developed in Indonesia because it has a positive impact on economic growth both locally and nationally which can increase regional income so that local community empowerment and poverty alleviation can be done. One of the efforts in developing the local economy is by making regional superior products such as the development of batik that has been internationally recognized by UNESCO as Indonesia's cultural heritage. Karawang has distinctive batik and is different from batik from other regions, so this batik is admired by the Karawang community itself. The distribution of Karawang batik still has many obstacles both in terms of regional conditions, the number of craftsmen and branding that are not yet strong. This research focuses on re-mapping the flow of Karawang batik distribution with reference to risk management. This research is very important to improve the flow distribution of Karawang batik, so that it will make the distribution coverage of this batik even wider. This study uses a mapping method distribution flow, taking into account the risk management. The risk management itself uses a Risk Register map, so that the risk exposure from Karawang batik will be increasingly clear and is expected to make mitigation and minimize risk. After conducting a causal analysis and risk map, several proposals were extended to expand the scope of marketing, including the Religious Community, the Government Organizations, Banking Companies, Private Companies, Motor and Car Commodities. The proposal is expected to be implemented and have a positive influence. Furthermore, it will be monitored once a year to see the changes < Keyword: batik karawang; causal analysis; risk register map

The political philosopher Felix Oppenheim reconstructs a descriptive concept of "egalitarianism" on the basis of rules of distribution. The present paper reverses Oppenheim's perspective by analyzing the role of distributives rules and of "egalitarianism" towards understanding distribution. In what measure does the concept of "egalitarianism" help us to understand distribution? Is it possible to understand a distribution only on the basis of descriptive concepts?

To minimize the poverty level among general public, Government of India promoted Public distribution system for extending basic necessary goods at subsidized rates. But their primary motto has not been fulfilled due to numerous problems prevailing in PDS. Thus, an attempt has been made in this study to ascertain the Problems prevailing in PDS. The result of the study indicates that Adulteration, Distribution of inferior quality goods, Under Weighment are the common problems found in Public distribution system.

Die vorliegende Forschungsarbeit analysiert das Medienprodukt Manga und dessen Vertrieb im deutschen Sortimentsbuchhandel. Schwerpunkt der Arbeit liegt auf der Analyse der Sortiments- und Kommunikationspolitik im physischen Verkaufsraum. Die benötigten Informationen wurden im Rahmen einer empirischen Erhebung ermittelt, die sich aus Feldbeobachtungen und qualitativen Interviews zusammensetzt. Anhand der Ergebnisse wird der Versuch unternommen, Problemfelder und mögliche Handlungsspielräume aufzuzeigen und eine Grundlage für weiterführende Forschung zu schaffen. ; This master thesis focuses on the media product of manga and its distribution in the German retail book trade. Thematic emphasis of this research work is given to product presentation and range layout of manga in the context of the stationary retail. The information to describe the current situation was collected by means of an original empirical survey. The goal of this project was to showcase scope of action, highlight problematic areas, as well as provide groundwork for further research in this field.

Justice in water distribution.- the challenge for social justice in South Africa This thesis looks at social justice as presented by John Rawls in Justice as fairness from 1971 and David Miller in Principles of Social Justice from 1999. My main example for the thesis is South Africa and how water is distributed there. I present three different levels of society and how these interact when it comes to social justice: the international level, the national level (South Africa) and the local level (Cape Town). These three levels are chosen to display how laws and policies from one level are dependent on what happen at other levels. I look especially at how international legislation and polices have impact on national legislation and polices, and how it is necessary for especially developing countries to give away some control over own policies to international institutions and developing agencies. The topic for the thesis is justice in basic water distribution so much focus is on legislation and policies that concern provision of basic water in Cape Town, South Africa and in the UN system. The South African Free Basic Water Policy with raising block tariffs is questioned, and so are the international cost-recovery policies. I also present extracts from the debate between those that believe that water is mainly a human right and those that believe that water is mainly a commodity. In South Africa I am concerned with how South Africa has developed since 1994 and the social conditions in the country. It is especially development in health, poverty, employment and people's financial situation that is of my concern. In this context I try to see if there is social justice in South Africa as described by Miller and Rawls.

A poster presentation regarding good distribution practice guidelines. Introduction: An update of the European Union (EU) Guidelines on 'Good Distribution Practice (GDP) of medicinal products for human use' (2013/C 343/01) was published by the European Commission on November 5, 2013. Drug regulation serves to promote and secure public health and well being. Non-adherence to GDP guidelines may lead to an increase in unwanted adverse effects caused by medicines being of poor quality. ; N/A