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Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- Series Preface -- Introduction -- PART I: DEFINITION AND MODELS -- 1 Defining Impairment and Disability: Issues at Stake -- INTRODUCTION -- THE PROBLEM OF DEFINITIONS -- THE ISSUE OF CAUSALITY -- THE QUESTION OF CONCEPTUAL CONSISTENCY -- THE ROLE OF LANGUAGE -- THE NORMALISING TENDENCIES OF BOTH SCHEMAS -- THE PROBLEM OF EXPERIENCE -- THE POLITICISATION OF THE DEFINITIONAL PROCESS -- DEVELOPING A SOCIAL MODEL OF IMPAIRMENT? -- OTHER INTERNAL CRITICISMS OF THE SOCIAL MODEL OF DISABILITY -- THE SOCIAL MODEL OF DISABILITY IS ALIVE AND WELL -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- 2 Philosophical Issues in the Definition and Social Response to Disability -- OVERVIEW: HOW IS PHILOSOPHY RELEVANT TO DISABILITY POLICY? -- WHAT DOES IT MEAN TO CLASSIFY A PHYSICAL OR MENTAL CONDITION AS AN IMPAIRMENT? -- WHAT DOES IT MEAN TO CLAIM THAT AN IMPAIRMENT IS THE CAUSE OR A CAUSE OF THE PERSONAL AND SOCIAL LIMITATIONS WITH WHICH IT IS ASSOCIATED? -- WHAT, IF ANYTHING, IS BAD ABOUT IMPAIRMENTS? DO IMPAIRMENTS DETRACT FROM WELL-BEING? -- HOW ARE IMPAIRMENTS RELEVANT TO SOCIAL AND POLITICAL JUSTICE? -- Can Distributive Justice Encompass Claims for Environmental Adaptation? -- Can Justice for People with Impairments Be Achieved by Eliminating Discrimination against Them or, More Broadly, by Eliminating Oppression and Subordination? -- Is an Account of Equality as Equal Citizenship Adequate for Disability Policy? -- CONCLUSION: THE PROSPECTS FOR CONVERGENCE -- NOTES -- REFERENCES -- 3 What I Learned -- 4 Critiquing the Social Model -- Introduction -- The political dangers of the social model of disability -- The unchanging social model -- The impairment/disability distinction -- The importance of impairment -- Limitations of the barrier-free world -- Problems with the barrier-free utopia

Justice makes demands upon us. But these demands, important though they may be, are not the only moral demands that we face. Our lives ought to be responsive to other values too. However, some philosophers have identified an apparent tension between those values and norms, such as justice, that seem to transcend the arena of small-scale interpersonal relations and those that are most at home in precisely that arena. How, then, are we to engage with all of the values and norms that we take to apply to us? In this article, I discuss one way that we might hope to resolve the tension and its relation to John Rawls's `basic structure restriction'. The prospect of resolution is offered by the idea of a `division of moral labour', according to which the pursuit of certain values is assigned to institutions and not to individuals. According to Rawls's basic structure restriction, principles of justice are applicable only to the institutions of the basic structure of society. The possibility of a connection between the division of moral labour and the basic structure restriction readily suggests itself. Taking G.A. Cohen's well-known `incentives' critique of the basic structure restriction as a starting point, I consider five ways in which that restriction might be defended by appeal to the division of moral labour. I conclude that none of these defences succeeds, for none convinces that the conditions in which it makes sense to apply the division of moral labour idea obtain for Rawls's conception of distributive justice. Although the division of moral labour is an attractive proposal, it can do no work in a Rawlsian context.

Cover; Half-title; Title; Copyright; Dedication; Contents; Acknowledgements; Introduction; Chapter 1 Desert and justifications of the market; Chapter 2 Incentive payments and compensatory desert; Chapter 3 Productive contributions and deserved market rewards; Chapter 4 Liberty and entitlements in the libertarian justification of the free market; Chapter 5 The moralised defence of the free market: a critique; Chapter 6 The free market, force and choice: beyond libertarians and their critics; Conclusion; Bibliography; Index.

The Kandal province located in the South of Cambodia at the apex of the Mekong delta lies between the Mekong and the Bassac rivers. It is an area where water and society have long co-shaped each other but where there is relatively little water control and agricultural systems both depend on and are vulnerable to floods. The only "water infrastructures" found in the area are century old earthen canals made through a breach in the river banks (locally called Preks); they are used to support dry season agriculture, recession rice as well as fishery activities and support multiple environmental services in the floodplain. Over the last few years, the province started to witness significant changes as projects to rehabilitate these preks have been implemented by the government with support from development agencies. Several projects aiming at further controlling water to support agricultural intensification (as has been observed over the last two decades on the other side of the border, in Vietnam) will be implemented over the next few years in the province. This will have significant impact on the local environment though the form these projects will take is still under discussion. Together with the Royal University of Agriculture (RUA) and the Irrigation Service Center (ISC; a Cambodian NGO), two French research organizations (CIRAD and IRD) have been involved in developing innovative participatory tools (namely a serious game) to discuss different options of infrastructure development at both local and provincial level and their environmental justice dimension, both in terms of distributive (how will the cost and benefit of specific option be spatially and socially distributed) and procedural (what place should local farmers notably be given over water control infrastructure choices) justice. This workshop both aims at "presenting" the results of such collaborative work in an innovative way (whereby participants themselves contribute to generating the results) and discussing these with researchers and other stakeholders interested in issues of environmental justice. We propose to structure the workshop in two main parts: 1. The first part of the workshop (45 minutes) will consist in a "game session". A select group of participants (about 5) will take on the role of key stakeholders involved in the development of water control infrastructures in Kandal province (local elected officials, civil servants of different ministries). They will collectively discuss which type of infrastructure they consider as being the most adapted among a suite of options (pre identified on the basis of actual scenarios being currently discussed among national decision makers). The session will then allow discussing how infrastructure development leads to reshaping social and environmental (in)justices on the basis of different flood levels (modeled according a dice throw, on the basis of actual hydrological frequency). Note that, if deemed important, 10 people could participate to the game session (working in pairs) 2. The second part of the workshop (45 minutes) will be devoted to a debriefing in which participants and observant alike will reflect on two main questions: (1) what are the different conception of distributive (in)justice that have emerged during the "game session(s)" in relation to different infrastructure development options and (2) what are the limits and advantages of such participatory tools in terms of advancing procedural justice over the choice of infrastructure development.

While research on CSR has so far been largely developed at the macro level, looking at the impact of these policies on employees (individual level of analysis or micro CSR) is an innovative approach (Rupp et al., 2006). Indeed, the employees are the functional core in the success of the CSR policy. They are more likely to evaluate and react to CSR activities. CSR can be considered from the perspective of organizational justice theories (Rupp, 2011). In particular, through third-party justice research (DeCremer and van Hiel, 2006, Skarlicki and Kulik, 2005), it is possible to examine employees' perceptions of their organization's policy towards external stakeholders. Employees can judge the distributive, procedural and interactional justice of their organization (Colquitt et al., 2001).The purpose of this thesis is precisely to study the consequences of justice perceptions towards external stakeholders on employee attitudes and behaviors, including organizational commitment. It is also important to understand the mechanisms that link employees' perception of justice with their attitudinal and behavioral responses because each employee is unique in his own psychological reactions. We propose to integrate the deontic justice with other psychological mechanisms in mediation or moderation to better explain organizational commitment. ; Alors que jusqu'à présent les recherches sur la RSE se sont principalement situées à un niveau macroéconomique, s'intéresser aux conséquences de ces politiques sur les employés (la micro RSE) représente une approche novatrice (Rupp et al., 2006). En effet, les employés sont le noyau fonctionnel dans la réussite de la politique de RSE. Ils sont susceptibles d'évaluer et de réagir aux activités de RSE. Pour cela, la RSE peut être envisagée sous l'angle des théories de la justice organisationnelle (Rupp, 2011) afin d'explorer la nature de ces évaluations et de ces réactions. Plus particulièrement, grâce aux recherches sur la justice envers des tiers (DeCremer et van Hiel, 2006, Skarlicki ...

Equality of opportunity is a popular ideal, both for assessing access to specific goods, such as jobs, education, and health, and as a more general principle of distributive justice. This chapter provides an overview of existing discussions of equality of opportunity in relation to religion. Many of these discussions have proceeded under the heading of multiculturalism, where minority religious practices have often been the focus of debate, for example, in a discussion of religious exemptions from generally applicable laws. The focus is on conceptions of equality of opportunity involved in such debates and on possible ways in which religion might raise issues relevant for the understanding of equality of opportunity as a general principle. Distinctions are made between different ways in which religion and equality of opportunity might relate to one another. Religion and equality of opportunity can be viewed as possible obstacles to each other. The chapter provides examples of this but focuses on other types of relations where considerations concerning the status of religion contribute to the understanding of what equality of opportunity requires as an ideal. Religion is then viewed as a distinct class of opportunities, which people should have equal access to, or as a factor affecting what equal access means, for example, because access to some types of opportunities carries special weight. The most prominent positions regarding these debates are presented and linked to debates about the theoretical status of religion in liberal political philosophy. ; Equality of opportunity is a popular ideal, both for assessing access to specific goods, such as jobs, education, and health, and as a more general principle of distributive justice. This chapter provides an overview of existing discussions of equality of opportunity in relation to religion. Many of these discussions have proceeded under the heading of multiculturalism, where minority religious practices have often been the focus of debate, for example, in a discussion of religious exemptions from generally applicable laws. The focus is on conceptions of equality of opportunity involved in such debates and on possible ways in which religion might raise issues relevant for the understanding of equality of opportunity as a general principle. Distinctions are made between different ways in which religion and equality of opportunity might relate to one another. Religion and equality of opportunity can be viewed as possible obstacles to each other. The chapter provides examples of this but focuses on other types of relations where considerations concerning the status of religion contribute to the understanding of what equality of opportunity requires as an ideal. Religion is then viewed as a distinct class of opportunities, which people should have equal access to, or as a factor affecting what equal access means, for example, because access to some types of opportunities carries special weight. The most prominent positions regarding these debates are presented and linked to debates about the theoretical status of religion in liberal political philosophy.

1. Introduction -- 2. The Catholic Religion and the Ethics of Capitalism -- 3. A Theory of Deregulation -- 4. Liberal nationalism and secession -- 5. The non-aggression principle is only a first approximation to libertarianism -- 6. The methodological writing of Jesús Huerta de Soto -- 7. The achievements of the free market -- 8. The impact of Prof. Huerta de Soto on the Austrian School and liberalism in Spain in the past 30 years -- 9. Huerta de Soto and the State -- 10. Economic calculation, legal contracts of free banking, and entrepreneurial efficiency: a comprehensive understanding of Professor Jesús Huerta de Soto's contributions -- 11. Carl-Ludwig von Haller on Private Law Society. Ultra-Reactionary as Libertarian -- 12. The moral and religious dimensions of Jesús Huerta de Soto -- 13. Arbitration and the Theory of the Impossibility of Socialism -- 14. Individualism and Ortega y Gasset -- 15. Classical liberalism vs. Anarchocapitalism -- 16. The Case Against Socialists of All Parties -- 17. The Austrian school in Madrid- the years ahead -- 18. Neoclassicists and socialism -- 19. A defense of anarchism against republicanism -- 20. A review of Huerta de Soto's socialism -- 21. Puviani on the liberalism of Adam Smith -- 22. Size matters: The Place of Jesús Huerta de Soto in the Austrian Tradition of Economic Treatises -- 23. Intergenerational Solidarity, Welfare and Human Ecology in the Social Doctrine of the Church -- 24. Ethics and the Economic Thought of Jesús Huerta de Soto -- 25. The Ideal of a Just Society: The Transformation of "Distributive" Justice into 'Distributional' Justice.

Defining global public goods / Inge Kaul, Isabelle Grunberg, and Marc A. Stern -- Intergenerational public goods: strategies, efficiency, and institutions / Todd Sandler -- The political economy of international cooperation / Lisa L. Martin -- Equity in a global public goods framework / J. Mohan Rao -- Distributive justice as an international public good: a historical perspective / Ethan B. Kapstein -- Global justice: beyond international equity / Amartya Sen -- Deep integration and trade agreements: good for developing countries? / Nancy Birdsall and Robert Z. Lawrence -- International financial instability / Charles Wyplosz -- Montreal versus Kyoto: international cooperation and the global environment / Scott Barrett -- New strategies for the provision of global public goods: learning from international environmental challenges / Geoffrey Heal -- Cultural heritage as public good: economic analysis applied to historic cities / Ismail Serageldin -- Global epidemiological surveillance: international cooperation to monitor infectious diseases / Mark W. Zacher -- Health as a global public good / Lincoln C. Chen, Tim G. Evans, and Richard A. Cash -- Knowledge as a global public good / Joseph E. Stiglitz -- Global communications for a more equitable world / J. Habib Sy -- The public face of cyberspace / Debora L. Spar -- Preventing deadly conflict: from global housekeeping to neighborhood watch / David A. Hamburg and Jane E. Holl -- Peace as a global public good / Ruben P. Mendez -- International public goods and the case for foreign aid / Rajshri Jayaraman and Ravi Kanbur -- Regional public goods in international assistance / Lisa D. Cook and Jeffrey Sachs -- Global public goods: concepts, policies, and strategies / Inge Kaul, Isabelle Grunberg, and Marc A. Stern

The European Social Model involves among other things: fundamental social rights, social protection and social dialogue. The neoliberal path chosen by Europe combined with the financial crisis led to the introduction of austerity measures that endanger key elements of that model. Europe and its Member States have common and national mechanisms to ensure distributive justice, citizens' participation and the continuity of the European Social Model even when it is threatened by international financial conditions or the political choices of its rulers. As a part of the ETHOS Struggles for Justice – Impact of Social and EU Charters in times of crisis project, our research aims to answer two leading questions: to what extent is the national social dialogue a democratic instrument that uses horizontal and democratic processes and whether it is a powerful instrument for the preservation of the European Social Model?Our paper reports on the actual status and functioning of social dialogue as a mechanism to produce a more effective enjoyment of labour rights between the different political and social actors in Hungary. We interviewed key actors of trade unions and confederations, lead character of an employers' association, and analysed the relevant international and national legal framework concerning social dialogue. The case studies focus on two special – strongly polarised and politicised – areas: healthcare and public education. Interviews conducted with sectoral representatives aim to find out the different perceptions about the practices of social dialogue and social partners' views on the role of the state in social dialogue.

Smuggling of goods, known as one of the most obvious instances of economic crimes, has done irreversible harms to the economic systems of countries through placing obstacles in the way of productive investment, undermining healthy competitions in business, and finally forming and expanding underground and hidden economies. Creating the areas of money laundering and committing transnationally organized crimes, smuggling jeopardizes the economic and political security of countries seriously. On the other hand, committing smuggling crimes in groups has led to the expansion and intensification of such actions and made it quite difficult for the criminal justice systems to identify and deal with them. Organized crimes, which are among more evolved forms of group crimes, influence different areas of society because such crimes are compulsorily accompanied by the prevalence of bureaucratic and financial corruption. In addition, such crimes have negative impacts on the cultures of societies. Based on the proportionality of crimes, punishments, and distributive justice and the theory of punishment, criminal policy makers, therefore, have considered the quality of committing smuggling crime, such as organization, in order to effectively deal with this phenomenon in different countries. They have also showed differentiating and strict reactions to this type of crime. The aim of the current study was to investigate the theoretical concepts and foundations of organized smuggling of goods in Iran and Turkey. It was also intended to study the legal approaches adopted by these countries to this type of crime along with the similarities and differences of their legal systems.

In arguments in support of capitalism, the following propositions are sometimes advanced or presupposed: (i) the best life for the individual is one of consumption, understood in a broad sense that includes aesthetic pleasures and entertainment as well as consumption of goods in the ordinary sense; (ii) consumption is to be valued because it promotes happiness or welfare, which is the ultimate good; (iii) since there are not enough opportunities for consumption to provide satiation for everybody, some principles of distributive justice must be chosen to decide who gets what; (iv) the total to be distributed has first to be produced. What is produced depends, among other things, on the motivation and information of the producers. The theory of justice must take account of the fact that different principles of distribution have different effects on motivation and information; (v) economic theory tells us that the motivational and informational consequences of private ownership of the means of production are superior to those of the various forms of collective ownerships.In the traditional controversy over the relative merits of capitalism and economic systems, the focus has been on proposition (v). In this paper, I consider instead propositions (i) and (ii). Before one can even begin to discuss how values are to be allocated, one must consider what they are – what it is that ought to be valued. I shall argue that at the center of Marxism is a specific conception of the good life as one of active self-realization, rather than passive consumption.

Why is law central to policy processes in Global South? / Babu Mathew, Sony Pellissery and Arvind Narrain -- The rise of an anti-global doctrine and strikes in public services / Lilach Litor -- Scrutiny of Sovereign Border Policy for 'Operational Matters' : A New Political Role for an Old Legal Dichotomy in Australia? / Suzanne Bevacqua and John Bevacqua -- Sovereign Debt Restructuring : Locating Indian Law and Jurisprudence in the Contemporary International Legal Order / Ansari Salamah -- The Legal and Policy Questions in Foreign Direct Investment : An Assessment using Indian Case / Priya Misra and Praveen Tripathi -- Politics of Making and Unmaking of the Indian Planning Commission : Destiny of non-statutory institutions / Sony Pellissery, S. Sharada and Anusha Chaitanya -- Constitutional Promise vs Practices of Participation and Representation of Minorities in South Asia / Mushtaq Malla -- Growing up in families with low income : the state's legal obligation to recognize the child's right to adequate standard of living / Julia Köhler-Olsen -- Implementers of law or policymakers too? : A study of street-level bureaucracy in India / Amrutha Jose Pampackal -- Production of space in Urban India : Legal and Policy challenges of land assembly / Varun Panickar -- Rawls, Nozick and Dworkin in an Indian village : Land alienation and multiple versions of distributive justice / Naivedya Parakkal, Sony Pellissery and Rajesh Sampath -- Concluding Reflections : Transformative Constitutionalism as a framework for law and policy integration in the global south / Avinash Govindjee

Acknowledgements -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Chapter 1 Multidimensional Poverty and Deprivation: An Introduction -- References -- Chapter 2 The Politics of Poverty Measurement and Social Policies: Global Observations -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Politics of Poverty Measurement -- 2.3 Hypotheses and Empirical Strategy -- 2.4 Poverty Lines in Practice Globally -- 2.5 Poverty Measurement and Outcomes in South Asia -- 2.6 Conclusion -- Appendix: Country Listing and Data Coverage -- References -- Chapter 3 Efficiency and Distributive Justice in Multidimensional Poverty Issues -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Theoretical Background -- 3.3 The Aggregation Step -- 3.4 The Axiomatic Foundation for Ordinal Poverty Measures -- 3.4.1 Non-distributional Axioms -- 3.4.2 Distributional Axioms -- 3.5 Correlation-Sensitive Poverty Measures -- 3.5.1 The Multidimensional Bossert, Chakravarty and D'Ambrosio Class of Poverty Measures -- 3.5.2 The Multidimensional Chakravarty and D'Ambrosio Class of Poverty Measures -- 3.5.3 The Multidimensional Alkire and Foster Class of Poverty Measures -- 3.5.4 The Multidimensional Correlation-Sensitive Class of Poverty Measures -- 3.5.5 Poverty Decompositions -- 3.6 Poverty in India -- 3.7 Conclusion -- Appendix -- References -- Chapter 4 An Analysis of Multidimensional Poverty: Evidence from Italy -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Data Description -- 4.3 Methodology -- 4.4 Results -- 4.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 5 Economic Vulnerability in Spain: Before, During, and "After" Crisis -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Data and Methodology -- 5.2.1 Income -- 5.2.2 Material Deprivation -- 5.2.3 Economic Stress -- 5.3 Results -- 5.4 Who Were the Vulnerable? Vulnerability Profiles in 2004 -- 5.5 Vulnerability Dynamics Through Economic Crisis -- 5.6 Concluding Remarks -- References