Suchergebnisse

Acknowledgements -- Notes on contributors -- Defining domesticated animals and exploring their uses by and relationships with humans within the leisure experience / Neil Carr -- Dogs -- In search of "dog" : fictional media constructions of dogs in the leisure environment / Neil Carr -- Dogs and companion/performance sport : unique social worlds, serious leisure enthusiasts, and solid human-canine partnerships / Wendy Hultsman -- At the nexus : serious leisure, civic engagement and animal welfare and wellbeing / Janette Young -- "It's [not] all about the dogs" : volunteers and pet rescue / Diane M. Samdahl -- The greyhound : a story of fashion, finances, and animal rights / Neil Carr -- The potential of place meanings for negotiating difference among birdwatchers and dog walkers at a multiple-use urban forest / Taryn M. Graham, Troy D. Glover & Bryan S.R. Grimwood -- Parks, dogs and beaches : human-wildlife conflict and the politics of place / Matthew Bowes, Peter Keller, Rick Rollins & Robert Gifford -- Horses -- Riding dress history, with a twist : the side saddle habit and the horse during the early twentieth century / Alison Goodrum -- That's entertainment? : thoroughbreds, precarious lives and the future of jumps racing / Phil McManus -- Dancing with horses : the science and artistry of coenesthetic connection / Stephen Smith -- Fatalities and fascinators : a new perspective on thoroughbred racing / Caroline Winter & Ward Young -- The "missing" others -- Speaking of cats, birds, rodents, fish, insects, reptiles, and farm animals/ neil carr -- Conclusions / Neil Carr

Snakebite is a Neglected Tropical Disease estimated to cause more than 100,000 human deaths and disable more than 400,000 victims each year. It primarily affects poor agricultural workers, farmers, and cattle herders living in rural areas of developing countries. It is thus an occupational disease. However, the impact of snakebite on these rural communities could be even higher if a One Health approach is taken to consider the direct impact on domestic animals and indirect impact on the livelihood of affected communities. To explore this hypothesis we developed the first scoping review to identify and characterize the global literature on snakebite in domestic animals. Three bibliographic databases (PubMed, Web of Science and Agricola) were searched using terms related to snake, snakebite and domestic animals for publications up to December 31st, 2016. Two independent reviewers screened publications applying inclusion/exclusion criteria to select relevant material. Relevant information was then extracted from the selected literature. The global literature on snakebite in domestic animals (n = 143 observational studies, reviews and letters) mainly represented North America, Europe and Australia (69%) with less information from Central and South America, Asia and Africa (31%). Observational studies (n = 119) mostly concerned pets (78%) and to a lesser extent livestock (22%). Thirty-four snake species were reported as responsible for bites in domestic animals. WHO's Medically Important Venomous Snakes were more frequently involved. The social-ecological determinants of snakebite were poorly documented but the reviewed literature suggested a strong seasonality and a diversity of habitat. Snakebite in animals caused neurotoxic, cytotoxic and hemotoxic envenomation syndromes similar to humans and death. Half of publications on envenomed livestock reported a fatality rate above 47%. There was no literature on the indirect impact of snakebite on livelihood caused by animal morbidity and mortality. The results of this scoping review suggest a high and under-reported burden in terms of mortality in animals and a potential economic impact of snakebite in terms of losses in livelihood of affected communities. However, major knowledge gaps with respect to impact of snakebite on livestock and livelihood were identified. Filling these gaps is necessary for a full understanding of the impact of snakebite and to raise scientific, political and public awareness on this neglected issue.

Snakebite is a Neglected Tropical Disease estimated to cause more than 100,000 human deaths and disable more than 400,000 victims each year. It primarily affects poor agricultural workers, farmers, and cattle herders living in rural areas of developing countries. It is thus an occupational disease. However, the impact of snakebite on these rural communities could be even higher if a One Health approach is taken to consider the direct impact on domestic animals and indirect impact on the livelihood of affected communities. To explore this hypothesis we developed the first scoping review to identify and characterize the global literature on snakebite in domestic animals. The results of this scoping review suggest a high and under-reported burden in terms of mortality in animals and a potential economic impact of snakebite in terms of losses in livelihood of affected communities. However, major knowledge gaps with respect to impact of snakebite on livestock and livelihood were identified. Filling these gaps is necessary for a full understanding of the impact of snakebite and to raise scientific, political and public awareness on this neglected issue.

The present paper aims at a closer inspection of historical layers of the lexicon of East Caucasian by looking at a small set of lexical forms that are related to the world of concepts for domestic animals. The paper concentrates on these terms also in order to discuss the question to which extent the reconstructability of corresponding forms for Proto-East Caucasian may shed light on some of the economical patterns of the speakers of this language. It will be shown that much of the terminology for domestic animals has to be related to earlier or later loan layers or to innovative processes within the subgroups. The fact that very few of the terms occurring in one of the domains at issue ('cow', 'horse', 'donkey', 'pig', 'sheep', 'goat') can be reconstructed for Proto-East Caucasian is related to the assumption that lexical terms that are strongly related to the praxeological dimension of socioeconomic concepts tend to be rather instable and adaptable over times to changes with respect to these praxeological patterns. The paper also strongly advocates for a closer consideration and isolation of loan layers present in the individual East Caucasian languages prior to any enterprise aiming at the reconstruction of Proto-East Caucasian lexical units.

Introduction -- Behind bars: contradictions in the expectations and experiences of life with marginalised companion animals -- Dog shows as casual leisure: asymmetry of human and animal experience -- Dog showing and training: enjoyable hobbies or destructive practices that reinforce speciesist ideologies? -- Off-leash recreation in an urban national recreation area: conflict between domesticated dogs, wildlife and semi-domesticated humans -- Walking the dog -- chore or leisure? -- Recentring companion species wellbeing in the leisure experience: towards multispecies flourishing through dog walking -- Domesticated dogs and 'doings' during the holidays -- From labour to leisure: the relocation of animals in modern Western society -- Post-humanistic insight into human-equine interactions and wellbeing within leisure and tourism -- Pampered prisoners: meeting the ethological needs of the modern sport horse to enhanced equine welfare -- Human-initiated animal fights -- Domestic animals' leisure, rights, wellbeing: nuancing 'domestic', asymmetries and into the future.

The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of different Staphylococcus species isolated from pathological processes and lesions in domestic animals in the Czech Republic and to detect and describe oxacillin (methicillin)-resistant strains (MRS). During the years 2019–2020, a total of 5218 veterinary clinical samples from the Czech Republic were tested. Testing was performed by culture methods and typing by molecular phenotypic methods MALDI-TOF MS and PCR. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the strains was performed by the disk diffusion method. A total of 854 staphylococci strains were identified (16.37% prevalence), out of which 43 strains of 6 species of staphylococci were MRS (n = 43; 0.82% prevalence). Of the MRS strains, the most prevalent species were Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (n = 24; 0.46% prevalence) and Staphylococcus aureus (n = 7; 0.13% prevalence). Susceptibility testing showed resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics and, depending on the species, also to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, gentamicin, tetracycline, erythromycin, clindamycin, and enrofloxacin. For further characterization of MRS, PCR assay for virulence factor genes was performed. Seven of the 14 target genes were observed only in S. aureus, except for the eno gene encoding laminin-binding protein, which was also detected in other staphylococci. It is necessary to emphasize the issue of correct using of antimicrobials in practice and antibiotic policy in university teaching and to create stricter legislation that would prevent the widespread use of antimicrobials in veterinary medicine, especially in livestock to reduce the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance.