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Intro -- title page -- copyright page -- 1. Drug Use and Abuse -- 2. Recreational Drug Use Worldwide -- 3. The Global Drug Problem -- 4. Should Recreational Drugs Be Legalized? -- 5. Hooked on Medications -- 6. Alternative Medicines -- 7. Drugs and Sports -- 8. Effective Drug Treatments -- Appendix -- Organizations to Contact -- Series Glossary -- Further Reading -- Internet Resources -- Index -- Untitled -- Blank Page.

Intro -- Introduction -- 1. Addiction Is a Disease -- 2. Addiction Is Not a Disease -- 3. Marijuana Is Harmful -- 4. Marijuana Is Less Harmful than Alcohol -- 5. Using Marijuana Does Not Lead to Use of Other Drugs -- 6. Marijuana Should Be Legal -- 7. Marijuana Should Not Be Legal -- 8. Teen Prescription Drug Abuse Is Increasing -- 9. Prescription Drug Overdoses Are Increasing -- 10. Home Drug Tests Are Helpful -- 11. Home Drug Tests Are Not Helpful -- 12. Random Drug Testing in Schools Is Controversial -- Appendix -- ORGANIZATION OF CONTACT -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- INDEX -- PICTURE CREDITS

Proceedings of: The 6th International Workshop on Semantic Web Applications and Tools for Life Sciences (SWAT4LS 2013). Took place 2013, December 11-12, in Edinburgh, UK. The evnt Web site http://www.swat4ls.org/workshops/edinburgh2013/ ; Drug-drug interactions form a significant risk group for adverse effects associ-ated with pharmaceutical treatment. These interactions are often reported in the literature, however, they are sparsely represented in machine-readable re-sources, such as online databases, thesauri or ontologies. These knowledge sources play a pivotal role in Natural Language Processing (NLP) systems since they provide a knowledge representation about the world or a particular do-main. While ontologies for drugs and their effects have proliferated in recent years, there is no ontology capable of describing and categorizing drug-drug in-teractions. Moreover, there is no artifact that represents all the possible mecha-nisms that can lead to a DDI. To fill this gap we propose DINTO, an ontology for drug-drug interactions and their mechanisms. In this paper we describe the classes, relationships and overall structure of DINTO. The ontology is free for use and available at https://code.google.com/p/dinto/ ; This work was supported by the Regional Government of Madrid under the Research Network MA2VICMR [S2009/TIC-1542], by the Spanish Ministry of Education under the project MULTIMEDICA [TIN2010-20644-C03-01] and by the European Commission Seventh Framework Programme under the project TrendMiner_Enlarged (EU FP7-ICT 612336). ; Publicado

One thing that all parties in the American drug-policy debate agree upon is the desirability of eliminating the traffic in illicit drugs and the esurient criminal syndicates that control it. There are two divergent strategies for achieving this end. The first is the war on drugs. The second, which emerged in the late 1980s as a highly controversial alternative to the drug war, is controlled legalization. What follows is a historically informed critique of both approaches.

Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1 -- Opioid Treatment Programs and Related Federal Regulations( -- Summary -- Medication-Assisted Treatment (MAT) -- Methadone -- Buprenorphine -- Naltrexone -- Regulatory Framework -- Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA) -- Controlled Substances Act (CSA) -- Opioid Treatment Programs (OTPs) -- OTP Accreditation -- OTP Certification -- OTP Registration -- DATA-Waived Providers (DWPs) -- Practitioner Requirements -- Medication Requirements -- Chapter 2 -- Increase in Illicit Fentanyl Overdose Deaths* -- Summary -- What Is Fentanyl? -- Rise of Fentanyl Overdoses -- Availability of Fentanyl -- Policy Considerations -- Chapter 3 -- The Opioid Epidemic and the Food and Drug Administration: Legal Authorities and Recent Agency Action( -- Summary -- FDA Approval of Prescription Drugs and the Challenges of Opioids -- FDA Authority and Recent Agency Action Related to the Opioid Epidemic -- Decreasing Exposure and Preventing New Addiction -- Supporting the Treatment of Those with Opioid Use Disorder -- Fostering the Development of Novel Pain Treatment Therapies -- Improving Enforcement and Assessing Benefit Risk -- Selected Opioid-Related Bills in the 115th Congress That Would Amend the FD&C Act -- Chapter 4 -- High Intensity Drug Trafficking Areas (HIDTA) Program( -- Summary -- HIDTA Designations -- Coordination -- Funding -- HIDTA Issues for Consideration -- Unit of Inclusion -- County-Level Drug Trafficking Data -- Criteria for Inclusion -- Program Effectiveness -- Program Scope -- Use of Funds for Treatment and Prevention Initiatives -- Heroin Response Strategy -- HIDTA as an ONDCP Component -- Chapter 5 -- Legal Authorities Under the Controlled Substances Act to Combat the Opioid Crisis( -- Summary -- Brief Background on the Opioid Epidemic -- Overview of the CSA

Contemporary drug taking and giving among the general populace are multi-level phenomena involving highly vicarious origins, needs and/or other supporting social, psychological or spiritual functions. Within this, a specific subgroup has emerged promoting a variety of (drug-based) religions, spiritual doctrines or ethical systems. Dividing such drug-based organizations into two categories of moral/ethical posture—the situational and the iconic/deterministic—a review of each catechism, ethical base and (when applicable) ritual practice is reviewed and annotated.

Cover page -- Half Title Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Foreword -- Introduction -- World Map -- Chapter 1: The Negative Consequences of the Global War on Drugs -- 1: The Failure of the Waron Drugs: An Overview -- 2: The Afghan Poppy War Is Fueling an Insurgency -- 3: Mexico's Plight Worsens Despite Military Interventionin the War on Drugs -- 4: The Colombian Paramilitary Presence Is Still a Threat Despite Drug War Efforts -- Periodical Bibliography -- Chapter 2: The Failure of Drug Prohibition Strategies -- 1: A Long History of Failure with Prohibition: An Overview -- 2: The Afghan Drug War Cannot Be Won Through Eradication and Prohibition -- 3: Colombia's Eradication Policies Are in Need of Change -- 4: The United Kingdom's Failed Policy of Prohibition Yields a Criminal Justice Crisis -- 5: The United States' Meth Crackdown Is Counter productive and Displaces Production to Mexico -- Periodical Bibliography -- Chapter 3: Environmental Degradation Dueto Drugs and Eradication Methods -- 1: The Production of Drugs Is Causing Global Environmental Damage -- 2: American Meth Labs Pose a Hazardous Threat to the Environment -- 3: Yemen's Addiction to Qat Is Exhausting Its Water Supply -- 4: Colombia's Legal Crops and Forests Are Wrongly Destroyed by Eradication -- 5: Ecuadorians Are Suffering DNA Damage from Aerial Spray Eradication -- 6: Colombia and Afghanistan Are Potential Targetsfor a Dangerous Biologically Engineered Fungus -- Periodical Bibliography -- Chapter 4: Alternative Policies to Prohibition -- 1: Legalization Is the Only Viable Option to Drug Prohibition -- 2: The United Kingdom Should Decriminalize Drugs -- 3: The United Kingdom Should Not Decriminalize Drugs -- 4: The Netherlands Demonstrates Temperance Through Decriminalization -- 5: Canadians Are Unnecessarily Challenged in Obtaining Medical Marijuana

The activity of prescribing therapeutic drugs is one of the most significant features of the physician-patient relationship. This activity must be understood in moral, as well as technical terms. The ancient Greek word for drug had three meanings, providing the outline for an ethics of medication: remedy, poison and magical charm. Corresponding to these three meanings are three ethical principles: competence in therapeutic application, avoidance of harm and honesty.

Intro -- Cooperation with Drug Transit Countries of Illegal Drugs -- Contents -- Preface -- International Drug Control Policy -- Abstract -- Introduction -- U.S. National Drug Control Strategy -- U.S. Bilateral and Regional Counterdrug Initiatives -- Alternative Policy Approaches -- Policy Issues and Considerations -- References -- Mexico's Drug Cartels -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Drug Trafficking -- Drug Cartels -- Enforcer Gangs -- Police Corruption -- Turf Wars -- Mexican Government Response -- U.S. Counternarcotics Assistance to Mexico -- Policy Approaches and Debates -- References -- Merida Initiative: Proposed U.S. Anticrime and Counterdrug Assistance for Mexico and Central America -- Abstract -- Background -- Mexico Program Components [2] -- Central America Program Components -- Legislation -- References -- Drug Control: U.S. Assistance Has Helped Mexican Counternarcotics Efforts, but the Flow of Illicit Drugs into the United States Remains High -- What GAO Found -- Why GAO Did this Study -- What GAO Recommends -- Summary -- Background -- Illicit Drug Production and Trafficking by Mexican Drug Organizations Have Continued Virtually Unabated -- U.S. Assistance Helped Mexico Improve Its Counternarcotics Efforts, but Coordination Can Be Improved -- USAID, DEA, INL, and Other U.S. Agencies Support Mexico's Rule-of-Law Efforts -- Conclusions -- Appendix I: Estimated Amounts of Illicit Drugs Transiting or Produced in Mexico and Seized, Calendar Years 2000-2006 -- References -- Drug Control: U.S. Assistance Has Helped Mexican Counternarcotics Efforts, but Tons of Illicit Drugs Continue to Flow into the United States -- What GAO Found -- Why GAO Did this Study -- What GAO Recommends -- Results in Brief -- Background -- Illicit Drug Production and Trafficking by Mexican Drug Organizations Has Continued Virtually Unabated -- Corruption Persists.

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Introduction: Drug Policy with a New Focus -- 1 Toward a Balanced Drug-Prevention Strategy: A Conceptual Map -- 2 Drug Users and Drug Dealers -- 3 Is Addiction a Chronic, Relapsing Disease? -- 4 Is Drug Addiction a Brain Disease? -- 5 If Addiction Is Involuntary, How Can Punishment Help? -- 6 Controlling Drug Use and Crime with Testing, Sanctions, and Treatment -- 7 Limits on the Role of Testing and Sanctions -- 8 How Should Low-Level Drug Dealers Be Punished? -- 9 Reflections on Drug Policy and Social Policy -- Postscript -- Contributors

Drug use is an inherent part of our culture. Since the Sumerians wrote of the 'joy of the poppy plant' in 3000BC to the crack dens of today, people in every society have wanted to use drugs. Drug policy cannot be effective until this basic fact is acknowledged and incorporated into policy-thinking. Until we recognize that drug use is an integral feature of society, it cannot be eliminated. In this unique and engaging new book, the former chair of DrugScope Sue Pryce tackles the major issues surrounding drug policy. Why do governments persist with prohibition policies, despite their proven inefficacy? Why are some drugs criminalized, and some not? And why does society care about drug use at all? In a highly polarized debate, in which emotions run high, Pryce illuminates these questions and guides us through the problems, possibilities and realities of drug policy around the world.