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Proceedings of: The 6th International Workshop on Semantic Web Applications and Tools for Life Sciences (SWAT4LS 2013). Took place 2013, December 11-12, in Edinburgh, UK. The evnt Web site http://www.swat4ls.org/workshops/edinburgh2013/ ; Drug-drug interactions form a significant risk group for adverse effects associ-ated with pharmaceutical treatment. These interactions are often reported in the literature, however, they are sparsely represented in machine-readable re-sources, such as online databases, thesauri or ontologies. These knowledge sources play a pivotal role in Natural Language Processing (NLP) systems since they provide a knowledge representation about the world or a particular do-main. While ontologies for drugs and their effects have proliferated in recent years, there is no ontology capable of describing and categorizing drug-drug in-teractions. Moreover, there is no artifact that represents all the possible mecha-nisms that can lead to a DDI. To fill this gap we propose DINTO, an ontology for drug-drug interactions and their mechanisms. In this paper we describe the classes, relationships and overall structure of DINTO. The ontology is free for use and available at https://code.google.com/p/dinto/ ; This work was supported by the Regional Government of Madrid under the Research Network MA2VICMR [S2009/TIC-1542], by the Spanish Ministry of Education under the project MULTIMEDICA [TIN2010-20644-C03-01] and by the European Commission Seventh Framework Programme under the project TrendMiner_Enlarged (EU FP7-ICT 612336). ; Publicado

Public officials should compensate the victims of wrongful conviction and enforcement. The same considerations in favor of compensating people for wrongful conviction and enforcement in other cases support officials' payment of reparations to the victims of unjust enforcement practices related to the drug war. First, we defend the claim that people who are convicted and incarcerated because of an unjust law are wrongfully convicted. Although their convictions do not currently qualify as wrongful convictions in the legal sense, we argue that the same reasons for legally recognizing other wrongful convictions support conceiving of these cases as wrongful convictions. If so, then people who suffered wrongful convictions associated with unjust laws, like others who were wrongfully convicted, are entitled to compensation and reparation. We then argue that America's drug laws are unjust laws. Therefore, people who were convicted of nonviolent drug offenses are entitled to compensation.

Conference Series has been instrumental in conducting international meetings for seven years, and very excited to expand Europe, America and Asia Pacific continents. Previous meetings were held in major cities like Belgium, Tokyo, Madrid, with success the meetings again scheduled in three continents. It's time to announce 9th Annual Congress on Drug Formulation & Drug Design October 19-21, 2017 Seoul, South Korea . Drug Formulation 2017 is a 3-day event offering the Exhibition, at venue to showcase the research and development on emerging technologies and have wider sessions involving Keynote presentation, Oral, YRF ( student presentation), poster, e-poster presentations. This is an excellent platform to intensify collaborations for Professionals Scientific Experts and Industrial Delegates for Pharma field knowledge seekers. Global Pharmaceutical Industry in its operation and innovation activities is now facing serious challenges resulted by mega trends in healthcare paradigm. Korean R&D-based pharmaceutical companies have been involving in pioneering unmet medical needs areas investing over 65% to their annual net profit with the strong support from the Korean government. Modern pharmaceutical industry in Korea has 110 years of history initiating at the end of the 1800s, when a first modern pharmaceutical company began its operation. However, the South Korea region represents a significant growth opportunity for the Drug Formulation market during the forecast period of 2014 to 2019. Everyone interested in the future of emerging –drugs majorly in the field drug discovery, design, drug development, pharmacokinetic research, clinical pharmacology and new therapeutic drugs on recent developments in the field of generic drug research, current challenges and possibilities in modeling a new drug involving Drug Formulaton & Drug Design Reasearch Who to attend: CEOs, CROs, Directors, Managers and research associates in pharmaceutical industry in the drug or device industries (both innovator and generic) ...

Abstract Background Prescription writing is a process which transfers the therapeutic message from the prescriber to the patient through the pharmacist. Prescribing errors, drug duplication and potential drug-drug interactions (pDDI) in prescriptions lead to medication error. Assessment of the above was made in prescriptions dispensed at State Pharmaceutical Corporation (SPC), Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka. Methods A cross sectional study was conducted. Drugs were classified according to the WHO anatomical, therapeutic chemical classification system. A three point Likert scale, a checklist and Medscape online drug interaction checker were used to assess legibility, completeness and pDDIs respectively. Results Thousand prescriptions were collected. Majority were hand written (99.8 %) and from the private sector (73 %). The most frequently prescribed substance and subgroup were atorvastatin (4 %, n = 3668) and proton pump inhibitors (7 %, n = 3668) respectively. Out of the substances prescribed from the government and private sectors, 59 and 50 % respectively were available in the national list of essential medicines, Sri Lanka. Patients address (5 %), Sri Lanka Medical Council (SLMC) registration number (35 %), route (7 %), generic name (16 %), treatment symbol (48 %), diagnosis (41 %) and refill information (6 %) were seen in less than half of the prescriptions. Most were legible with effort (65 %) and illegibility was seen in 9 %. There was significant difference in omission and/or errors of generic name ( P = 0.000), dose ( P = 0.000), SLMC registration number ( P = 0.000), and in evidence of pDDI ( P = 0.009) with regards to the sector of prescribing. The commonest subgroup involved in duplication was non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (43 %; 56/130). There were 1376 potential drug interactions (466/887 prescriptions). Most common pair causing pDDI was aspirin with losartan (4 %, n = 1376). Conclusion Atorvastatin was the most frequently prescribed substance. Fifteen percent of the prescriptions originate from government sector. SLMC registration number and trade names were seen more in prescriptions originating from the private sector. Most prescriptions were legible with effort. NSAIDs were the commonest implicated in drug class duplication. .

Title from cover. ; Index to U.S. government periodicals ; Excerpta medica. ; Legal resource index ; Mode of access: Internet.

Report A: Letter from the Chairperson, Membership, Terms of Reference, Glossary and Acronyms Report B: Executive Summary and ecommendations: 1. Introduction 2. Trends in the Use of Illicit Drugs in the Northern Territory 3. Prevention 4. Drug Treatment in the Northern Territory. Report C: 5. Treatment - The Role and Practical Application of Pharmacotherapies 6. Priority Groups Appendix A - Illicit Drug Taskforce Consultation Report Appendix B - Summary of Submissions to Taskforce Appendix C - Current Services and Strategies ; The formation of the Taskforce on Illicit Drugs was announced by the Minister for Health and Community Services, Jane Aagaard MLA, in November 2001. It was established to advise the Government on strategies to try to stop the harmful spread of drugs, to break the cycle of crime and to help users and their families on the road to better health.

Report A: Letter from the Chairperson, Membership, Terms of Reference, Glossary and Acronyms Report B: Executive Summary and ecommendations: 1. Introduction 2. Trends in the Use of Illicit Drugs in the Northern Territory 3. Prevention 4. Drug Treatment in the Northern Territory. Report C: 5. Treatment - The Role and Practical Application of Pharmacotherapies 6. Priority Groups Appendix A - Illicit Drug Taskforce Consultation Report Appendix B - Summary of Submissions to Taskforce Appendix C - Current Services and Strategies ; The formation of the Taskforce on Illicit Drugs was announced by the Minister for Health and Community Services, Jane Aagaard MLA, in November 2001. It was established to advise the Government on strategies to try to stop the harmful spread of drugs, to break the cycle of crime and to help users and their families on the road to better health. ; Date:2001

Report A: Letter from the Chairperson, Membership, Terms of Reference, Glossary and Acronyms Report B: Executive Summary and ecommendations: 1. Introduction 2. Trends in the Use of Illicit Drugs in the Northern Territory 3. Prevention 4. Drug Treatment in the Northern Territory. Report C: 5. Treatment - The Role and Practical Application of Pharmacotherapies 6. Priority Groups Appendix A - Illicit Drug Taskforce Consultation Report Appendix B - Summary of Submissions to Taskforce Appendix C - Current Services and Strategies ; The formation of the Taskforce on Illicit Drugs was announced by the Minister for Health and Community Services, Jane Aagaard MLA, in November 2001. It was established to advise the Government on strategies to try to stop the harmful spread of drugs, to break the cycle of crime and to help users and their families on the road to better health.

Testimony issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "Several federal programs help pay for or reduce the costs of prescription drugs for eligible individuals and entities. Three examples are the Medicaid drug rebate program, part of the joint federal-state Medicaid program that finances medical services for certain low-income people; the 340B drug pricing program, which provides discounted drug prices to certain eligible entities such as community health centers; and the Medicare Part D program, which provides a Medicare drug benefit for the elderly and certain disabled people. The price information drug manufacturers report under these federal programs affects related federal spending. Spending is also affected by the extent to which federal oversight ensures the accuracy of this information. GAO was asked to provide information related to the oversight of prescription drug pricing practices that affect these federal programs. This testimony focuses on the oversight of drug pricing related to the three programs and the implications for future congressional oversight. This testimony is based on recent GAO reports examining these programs and related work by the Department of Health and Human Services Office of Inspector General and others."

There is no doubt that drugs in sport is one of the major areas of sports law, and in fact it can be considered to be the main area in which sport has developed its own law, rather than the general law in areas such as contract and torts being applied to a sporting context. This law originates from an international code, namely the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA)'s Code which prohibits the use of drugs that are considered to enhance a person's performance in sport. Legislation is then passed in the countries that abide by the Code, such as Australia, to allow for drug testing of competitors. This paper will therefore look at the WADA Code before looking at examples of drug taking in sport and how this issue has been handled by the respective governing bodies, including the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS).

This report summarizes the Authorization of the National Youth Anti-Drug Media Campaign, a multi-media federal program to persuade America's youth not to use drugs, expired at the end of FY2002. The 108th Congress is expected to consider the reauthorization of the campaign as part of the reauthorization of the Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP). The campaign's effectiveness has been questioned, and the program has engendered its share of controversy.

After describing the intellectual property and regulatory environment for orphan drugs in the United States, this thesis compares the investment decisions in the orphan drug market with the larger pharmaceutical industry. A series of case studies trace the development paths of different orphan products using information collected through the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Approved Drug Product and Orphan Drug Product Designation Databases. In addition to this analysis, difference-in-differences estimates calculated using annual revenues compare the relative success of different orphan products under the current incentive system. This study finds that partial orphan drugs are associated with larger revenue growth. Lastly, this study proposes several policy prescriptions as alternatives to the current legislation.

This report examines prescription drug abuse in the United States. An estimated 6.8 million individuals currently abuse prescription drugs in the United States. Unlike policy on street drugs, federal policy on prescription drug abuse is complicated by the need to maintain access to prescription controlled substances (PCS) for legitimate medical use. The federal government has several roles in reducing prescription drug abuse.

Random drug testing coexists uneasily with a general Fourth Amendment right to be free of suspicionless government searches. Typically, a governmental search is accompanied by a warrant supported by individualized suspicion, that is, probable cause. Random drug testing involves a search without any particularized suspicion that the subject of the search has used drugs.

Xiangyi Cui,1 Yuhong Lü,1,2 Changwu Yue1,2 1Key Laboratory of Microbial Drugs Innovation and Transformation of Yan'an, School of Basic Medicine, Yan'an University, Yan'an, 716000, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China; 2Shaanxi Engineering & Technological Research Center for Conversation & Utilization of Regional Biological Resources, Yan'an University, Yan'an, 716000, Shaanxi, People's Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Yuhong Lü; Changwu YueYan'an University, No. 580 Shengdi Road, Baota District, Yan'an, 716000, Shaanxi, People's Republic of ChinaTel/Fax +86 911-2332-067Email yuhonglyu@126.com; changwuyue@126.comAbstract: Bacterial resistance has become increasingly serious because of the widespread use and abuse of antibiotics. In particular, the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria has posed a serious threat to human public health and attracted the attention of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the governments of various countries. Therefore, the establishment of measures against bacterial resistance and the discovery of new antibacterial drugs are increasingly urgent to better contain the emergence of bacterial resistance and provide a reference for the development of new antibacterial drugs. In this review, we discuss some antibiotic drugs that have been approved for clinical use and a partial summary of the meaningful research results of anti-drug resistant bacterial drugs in different fields, including the antibiotic drugs approved by the FDA from 2015 to 2020, the potential drugs against drug-resistant bacteria, the new molecules synthesized by chemical modification, combination therapy, drug repurposing, immunotherapy and other therapies.Keywords: multidrug-resistant bacteria, antimicrobial resistance, novel antibiotics, antibiotics, antibiotic discovery