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This paper proposes a dynamic,stochastic, multisector growth model which integrates the real business cycle literature and booming sector and Dutch Disease economics to analyze fluctuations, resource allocation and relative price changes in small open (developing) economies subject to terms of trade shocks. The model is consistent whith aggregate and sectorial cyclical behavior of this class of economies, and rationalizes as an efficient outcome the symptoms of Dutch Disease (temporary deindustrialization and appreciation of the real exchange rate) which are sometimes judged to be suboptimal responses and as the rationale for government intervention in developing countries. It is also found that commodity price stabilization policies do not significantly affect the cyclical pattern of fluctuations and that their welfare benefits are second orden.

The work presented in these lines is a historical journey through the early years of the Dutch military activity in Brazil. A study that analyzed the reasons which made the Netherlands take action against the Portuguese-Spanish colony, the main role of the West India Company –WIC–, the military intervention and conquest developed by the Dutch in the Brazilian Northeast and the Iberian counter initiatives. Special attention is given to the various stages which spanned the war and the failure of many European military tactics and strategy on American soil. ; El trabajo presentado en estas líneas supone un recorrido histórico por los primeros años de actividad militar holandesa en Brasil durante el siglo XVII. Un estudio en el que se analizan las razones que llevaron a los Países Bajos a emprender acciones contra la colonia luso-española, el papel protagonista de la Compañía de las Indias Occidentales –WIC–, las intervenciones militares y de conquista desarrolladas por los holandeses en el nordeste brasileño y las iniciativas de contraofensiva ibérica. Todo ello prestando especial atención a las diversas fases que atravesó la guerra y a la ineficacia de numerosas tácticas y estrategias militares europeas sobre suelo americano.

"Paradise Overseas" presents a tour around the main themes of Dutch Caribbean history and its contemporary legacies. Drawing on wide expertise in Caribbean and Latin American studies, Gert Oostindie strongly posits a refreshing analysis of the Dutch Caribbean in a comparative framework which will be of interest to historians, anthropologists and political scientists alike. Rather than aiming at a comprehensive narrative, he offers a thematic discussion of topics such as the contrasts between Dutch colonization in the Americas and Asia; African slavery, Asian indentured labour and the shaping of plural societies in the Dutch Caribbean; the major contrasts between and within the six Antillean islands and Suriname; the different trajectories of decolonisation and their subsequent costs and benefits; and the changing significance of ethnicity and national identity both in the Dutch Caribbean and its diaspora.

This article will focus on the discussions about trade between Dutch politicians during the negotiations of the 1698 and 1700's Partition Treaties. We already have a remarkable information about the proceedings relating to the destination that was projected for some parts of the Spanish Empire, like the Southern Netherlands, Milan and Naples, but much less about the West Indies. The question that this article will try to answer is whether trade interests in the West Indies played a significant role in the negotiations of these Partition Treaties. ; Este artículo se interesa por las discusiones sobre el comercio mantenidas por los responsables de la política holandesa durante las negociaciones de los Tratados de Reparto de 1698 y 1700. Disponemos de una notable información sobre las deliberaciones referidas al destino que se proyectaba para algunas partes del Imperio español, como los Países Bajos del Sur, Milán o Nápoles, pero que sabemos mucho menos sobre la forma de consideración que en las mismas se dispensó a las Indias Occidentales. Y la pregunta a la que el artículo trata de dar respuesta es si los intereses comerciales en las Indias Occidentales desempeñaron un papel relevante en las negociaciones de esos Tratados de Reparto.This article will focus on the discussions about trade between Dutch politicians during the negotiations of the 1698 and 1700's Partition Treaties. We already have a remarkable information about the proceedings relating to the destination that was projected for some parts of the Spanish Empire, like the Southern Netherlands, Milan and Naples, but much less about the West Indies. The question that this article will try to answer is whether trade interests in the West Indies played a significant role in the negotiations of these Partition Treaties.

El Randstad - Holland, la aglomeración urbana neerlandesa, entra en crisis como modelo de ordenación urbana policéntrica en el último cuarto de siglo. A escala global, los procesos de integración política y económica europeos ponen a prueba la competitividad de la región frente a otros sistemas centralizados próximos. A escala local, se agudiza el conflicto entre los centros urbanos tradicionales y los nuevos corredores de transporte periféricos. En este contexto, las políticas de ordenación territorial en los Países Bajos se orientan hacia la integración de la movilidad y el patrón funcional del suelo con un doble objetivo: por un lado, mejorar la eficiencia de la red de transporte, y por el otro la promoción del modelo de ciudad compacta. El Randstad - Holland es refundado como la Deltametrópolis, un nuevo orden basado en la actualización del modelo policéntrico, a partir de un instrumento que pautará el futuro desarrollo de la metrópolis: la red de corredores nodales. ; The Randstad-Holland, the Dutch urban agglomeration, goes into crisis as polycentric urban pattern in the latest quarter of a century. On a global scale, European integration processes, in a political and economic sense, test the competitiveness of the urban region in relation to other close centralist urban systems. On a local scale, the conflict between the traditional urban centers and the new peripheral transport corridors makes worse. In this context, the urban planning polices in the Netherlands are aimed at mobility and urban pattern integration in a dual purpose: Improving, on the one hand, the efficiency of the transport network and one the other hand, encouraging the compact city model. The Randstad-Holland is reestablished as the Deltametropool, a new urban model based on reviewed polycentric system. Nodal corridor in the transport network is the new urban tool that will provide guidelines for developing the urban-mobile metropolis. ; Peer Reviewed ; Postprint (published version)

El Randstad - Holland, la aglomeración urbana neerlandesa, entra en crisis como modelo de ordenación urbana policéntrica en el último cuarto de siglo. A escala global, los procesos de integración política y económica europeos ponen a prueba la competitividad de la región frente a otros sistemas centralizados próximos. A escala local, se agudiza el conflicto entre los centros urbanos tradicionales y los nuevos corredores de transporte periféricos. En este contexto, las políticas de ordenación territorial en los Países Bajos se orientan hacia la integración de la movilidad y el patrón funcional del suelo con un doble objetivo: por un lado, mejorar la eficiencia de la red de transporte, y por el otro la promoción del modelo de ciudad compacta. El Randstad - Holland es refundado como la Deltametrópolis, un nuevo orden basado en la actualización del modelo policéntrico, a partir de un instrumento que pautará el futuro desarrollo de la metrópolis: la red de corredores nodales. ; The Randstad-Holland, the Dutch urban agglomeration, goes into crisis as polycentric urban pattern in the latest quarter of a century. On a global scale, European integration processes, in a political and economic sense, test the competitiveness of the urban region in relation to other close centralist urban systems. On a local scale, the conflict between the traditional urban centers and the new peripheral transport corridors makes worse. In this context, the urban planning polices in the Netherlands are aimed at mobility and urban pattern integration in a dual purpose: Improving, on the one hand, the efficiency of the transport network and one the other hand, encouraging the compact city model. The Randstad-Holland is reestablished as the Deltametropool, a new urban model based on reviewed polycentric system. Nodal corridor in the transport network is the new urban tool that will provide guidelines for developing the urban-mobile metropolis. ; Peer Reviewed ; Postprint (published version)

Even though not all European churches can be ascribed a political profile, moral issues have unleashed the protest of some of them alongside Christian-inspired groups and advocacy coalitions. Mobilization against these issues is not surprising in democracy but the different role that churches might play is. Unlike other European churches, the Spanish Catholic Church has acted as a political contender under Zapatero's rule (2004-2011). The new Socialist agenda, with its emphasis on morally-liberal reforms, has triggered a protest in which the church has invested significant resources and helped mobilize the more Conservative quarters of the Catholic society. This adversarial role is distinctive but not unique: the Italian and Polish churches have also opted for confrontational strategies in the face of similar challenges. However, the Spanish case is most relevant because, unlike other predominantly Catholic societies (Italy, Portugal, Ireland, and Poland), it has experienced a most profound and fastest secularization process. Confrontation can then be explained by the supply (a well-endowed Church that enjoys a privileged relationship with a non-confessional state) and not by the demand.

El presente trabajo de investigación desarrolla un modelo de vectores autorregresivos (VAR) para evaluar la hipótesis de enfermedad holandesa en la economía ecuatoriana en la última década a partir de los datos históricos recientes (2000-2017). Se analizaron empíricamente los principales síntomas de este fenómeno económico conocido como la maldición de los recursos naturales. La metodología permite cuantificar el impacto de la bonanza petrolera sobre la dinámica de la economía ecuatoriana a partir de las funciones de impulso respuesta. Los resultados reafirman la vulnerabilidad de la dinámica económica nacional con respecto a la volatilidad de los ingresos petroleros. Se estima que la bonanza petrolera conduce a una apreciación del tipo de cambio real que desestimula la actividad del sector transable tradicional de la economía ecuatoriana, evidenciando los efectos gastos y reasignación de recursos. Además, se observan tensiones sobre las finanzas públicas mediante el aumento del gasto público y sobre la balanza comercial debido a un incremento sostenido de las importaciones. Se concluye que la bonanza petrolera ha sido determinante para explicar el crecimiento económico del país y la economía ecuatoriana presenta los principales síntomas de la enfermedad holandesa. ; The present research work develops a model of autoregressive vectors (VAR) to evaluate the hypothesis of Dutch disease in the Ecuadorian economy in the last decade based on the available historical data (2000-2017). The main symptoms of this economic phenomenon were analyzed empirically. The methodology used was a VAR model that collects the interactions between the main economic variables. The impulse response functions were estimated to measure the symptoms of the Dutch disease in Ecuador. The methodology allows to quantify the impact of the oil boom on the dynamics of the Ecuadorian economy. The results reaffirm the vulnerability of the national economic dynamics with respect to the volatility of oil revenues. It is estimated that the oil boom causes an income effect, since the oil bonanza has been a determining factor in explaining the country's economic growth, and an expenditure effect that led to an appreciation of the real exchange rate that discourages the activity of the tradable sector of the country. In addition, there are tensions on public finances through increased public spending and the trade balance due to the increase in imports, concluding that the oil boom caused fiscal and commercial imbalances in the country.