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Housing is an essential tool by which most individuals measure the quality of life. This study assesses the level of residents' satisfaction in Tunga low-cost estate, Minna, Niger State with a view to suggest strategies to improve residents' quality of life having examined housing conditions and adequacy of existing infrastructure. Residents' socio-economic characteristics and satisfaction of housing conditions were obtained from household heads of the 175 sampled housing units using structured questionnaires. Residents' assessments of their housing conditions and satisfaction of their housing were collected using a 5 point Likert scale ratings: Very Dissatisfied = 1, Dissatisfied =2, Undecided (Neutral) =3, Satisfied =4, Very satisfied =5 respectively The study reveals that the entire residents were fairly satisfied with the provision of facilities, utilities, services and infrastructure in the study. The data used for the study were from both primary and secondary data. A stratified and systematic random sampling was adopted as the technique for the study. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. It was discovered that residents of Tunga Low-Cost Housing Estate are dissatisfied with the existing condition of their housing units; thus, they involve in several kinds of alterations to the housing structures. Finally, the study recommends that both federal and state government should pay more attention to the rehabilitation of roads and drainages in public housing estates in the country and public housing developers should continue to improve the quality of dwelling units they construct in order to make the residents more satisfied with the units they occupy.

Abstract Based on the Constitution, the Population Census in Austria is a matter of the central state, serving many political-administrative, planning, research, and other purposes. After its start as a systematic operation in the middle of the 18th century, it developed further by a modern legal basis in 1857 and advances in statistical technology in 1890 (punch cards) and 1971 (machine-readable questionnaires). In the second half of the 20th century, the Population Census became a comprehensive operation, including dwellings, buildings, and workplaces. The communes organized the classical method of on the spot household data collection on behalf of the state. The register-based Census replaced the household collection in 2011. Following a government decision of 2000, which aimed at the sole use of available micro-data, the first steps for creating the necessary administrative and statistical registers took place in conjunction with the last traditional census of 2001. With new provisions for linking the records, the Register Census Act of 2006, and a full test census in the same year, the new methodology was established and evaluated in a short period. The first regular Register Census "took place" with reference date 31 October 2011. It is described in the central part of this communication, featuring the advantages, strengths, and weaknesses, the backbone registers, the "comparison registers," and the redundancy principle, which help to ensure high data quality and the fit of the census into the international framework. Current developments include the annual update of results, changes and improvements in the data sources, and a short outlook on the next census of 2021.

The aim of this study is to assess how the use of fossil and nuclear power in different renovation scenarios affects the environmental impacts of a multi-family dwelling in Sweden, and how changes in the electricity production with different energy carriers affect the environmental impact. In line with the Paris Agreement, the European Union has set an agenda to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by means of energy efficiency in buildings. It is estimated that by the year 2050, 80% of Europe's population will be living in buildings that already exist. This means it is important for the European Union to renovate buildings to improve energy efficiency. In this study, eight renovation scenarios, using six different Northern European electricity mixes, were analyzed using the standard of the European Committee for Standardization for life cycle assessment of buildings. This study covers all life cycle steps from cradle to grave. The renovation scenarios include combinations of photovoltaics, geothermal heat pumps, heat recovery ventilation, and improvement of the building envelope. The results show that while in some electricity mixes a reduction in the global warming potential can be achieved, it can be at the expense of an increase in radioactive waste production, and, in mixes with a high share of fossil fuels, the global warming potential of the scenarios increases with time, compared with that of the original building. It also shows that in most electricity mixes, scenarios that reduce the active heat demand of the building end up in reducing both the global warming potential and radioactive waste, making them less sensitive to changes in the energy system.

Gedruckt erschienen im Universitätssverlag der TU Berlin, ISBN 978-3-7983-3118-1 (ISSN 2510-2842) ; Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht den Einfluss von Maßnahmen der Städtebauförderung auf die Entwicklung der Angebotsmiete für Wohnungen unter Betrachtung des Einflusses externer Effekte. Als Beispiel dient das entlassene soziale Erhaltungsgebiet in Berlin-Moabit. Das Ziel der Arbeit ist die Beantwortung von drei grundlegenden Forschungsfragen: Erstens, wie entwickelt sich die angebotene Nettokaltmiete im Stephankiez nach Entlassung als soziales Erhaltungsgebiet? Zweitens, welchen Einfluss auf das Mietpreisniveau entfalten rechtlich-administrative und sozioökonomische Rahmenbedingungen? Und drittens, wirken sich Programme der Städtebauförderung auf die angebotene Nettokaltmiete innerhalb des Stephankiezes aus? Als Ergebnis der Untersuchung können drei Thesen formuliert werden: Erstens, Städtebauförderungsmaßnahmen schaffen häufig Nachfrage, aber kaum Angebot und wirken daher preistreibend. Zweitens, die öffentliche Hand bekämpft sich selbst und investiert auf beiden Seiten der Medaille: Mietpreisdämpfung und Aufwertung. Drittens, Fördergelder aus Städtebauförderungsprogrammen begünstigen Gentrifizierungsprozesse, die ohne Fremdeinwirkung abebben würden. ; The present research examines the impact of urban development programs on the development of asking rents for dwellings, also taking into account the influence of external effects. The former social conservation area in Berlin-Moabit serves as an example. The announced aim is to develop answers for three basic research questions: Firstly, how is the supply rent in Stephankiez changing after it's dismissal as a social conservation area? Secondly, is there an observable effect on asking rent level out of political and socio-economic framework conditions? And finally, do urban development programs have a measurable impact on asking rents in Stephankiez? As a result of the investigation, three theses can be formulated: Firstly, urban development programs often create further demand, but hardly any additional supply, therefore having a price-enhancing character. Secondly, the government combats itself and invests on both sides of the coin: rent damping and revaluation. Finally, subsidies from urban development programs encourage gentrification processes which would probably eclipse without external influence.

What and where is "the asylum" today? To what extent do mental healthcare facilities stand out as clearly bounded entities in the modern urban landscape, perhaps reflecting their history as deliberately set-apart and then often stigmatised places? To what extent have they maybe become less obtrusive, more sunk into and interacting with their urban surroundings? What issues of urban ethics are at stake: concerning who/what is starkly demarcated in the city, perhaps subjected to exclusionary logics and pressures, or more sensitively integrated into the city, planned for inclusion and co-dwelling? These questions underscore our article, rooted in an in-depth case study of Gartnavel Royal Hospital, Glasgow, opened as a 'lunatic asylum' on its present, originally greenfield, site in the 1840s and remaining open today surrounded by dense urban expansion. Building from the "voices" of patients, staff and others familiar with the site, we discuss the sense of this asylum as "other" to, as "outside" of, or merely "beside" the urban fabric. Drawing from concepts of "orientations" (Ahmed, 2006), sites as spatial constructions (Burns & Kahn, 2005), the power of borders and boundaries (Haselsberger, 2014; Sennett, 2018), issues of site, stigma and related urban ethical matters will be foregrounded. Where are the boundaries that divide the hospital campus from the urban context? What are the material signifiers, the cultural associations or the emotional attachments that continue to set the boundaries? Or, in practice, do boundaries melt into messier, overlapping, intersecting border zones, textured by diverse, sometimes contradictory, bordering practices? And, if so, what are the implications?

AbstractTwinsUK is the largest cohort of community-dwelling adult twins in the UK. The registry comprises over 14,000 volunteer twins (14,838 including mixed, single and triplets); it is predominantly female (82%) and middle-aged (mean age 59). In addition, over 1800 parents and siblings of twins are registered volunteers. During the last 27 years, TwinsUK has collected numerous questionnaire responses, physical/cognitive measures and biological measures on over 8500 subjects. Data were collected alongside four comprehensive phenotyping clinical visits to the Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London. Such collection methods have resulted in very detailed longitudinal clinical, biochemical, behavioral, dietary and socioeconomic cohort characterization; it provides a multidisciplinary platform for the study of complex disease during the adult life course, including the process of healthy aging. The major strength of TwinsUK is the availability of several 'omic' technologies for a range of sample types from participants, which includes genomewide scans of single-nucleotide variants, next-generation sequencing, metabolomic profiles, microbiomics, exome sequencing, epigenetic markers, gene expression arrays, RNA sequencing and telomere length measures. TwinsUK facilitates and actively encourages sharing the 'TwinsUK' resource with the scientific community — interested researchers may request data via the TwinsUK website (http://twinsuk.ac.uk/resources-for-researchers/access-our-data/) for their own use or future collaboration with the study team. In addition, further cohort data collection is planned via the Wellcome Open Research gateway (https://wellcomeopenresearch.org/gateways). The current article presents an up-to-date report on the application of technological advances, new study procedures in the cohort and future direction of TwinsUK.

Some cities or neighborhoods with a specific socio-economic vocation suffer the phenomenon of change and abandonment, which generates socio-functional and economic redefinitions. This has also happened to the city of Bologna which, over the last 150 years, has experienced a rapid process of economic development, moving from a primary sector economy to a economy based on the industry, to then end up with the most advanced specializations in the tertiary sector. Thus, industries and factories (which had attracted a substantial national workforce) were closed. This has produced the formation of numerous «urban voids», which have turned into abandoned and degraded areas, such as in the Bolognina neighborhood. The consequence was initially the abandonment by the resident population: dwellings remained empty were subsequently occupied by new arrived inhabitants. At first this transition generated contrasts between the pre-existing citizens and the new ones. For this reason, the municipal administration has initiated a series of interventions, aimed on the one hand at the regeneration of the neighborhood in its ethno-socio-economic peculiarities, on the other at the refunctionalization of abandoned areas, to the point of generating a partial process of gentrification. With reference to the territorial Municipality data and according to some published essays and field researches through the Bolognina neighborhood (site inspections and conversation with residents), this article confirms the idea that urban gentrification, urban transition, and urban regeneration are territorial processes in opposition to each other. Each of them can have characteristics and features that are appearently typical of the others, but which, taking shape in a particular territory, are complex geographical phenomena.

Policy makers and the government rely heavily on survey data when making policyrelated decisions. Survey data is labour intensive, costly and time consuming, hence it cannot be frequently or extensively collected. The main aim of this research is to demonstrate how Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) coupled with statistical regression modelling can be used to estimate poverty from aerial images supplemented with national household survey data. This provides a more frequent and automated method for updating data that can be used for policy making. This aerial poverty estimation approach is executed in two phases; aerial classification and detection phase and poverty modelling phase. The aerial classification and detection phase use CNN to perform settlement typology classification of the aerial images into three broad geotype classes namely; urban, rural and farm. This is then followed by object detection to detect three broad dwelling type classes in the aerial images namely; brick house, traditional house, and informal settlement. Mask Region-based Convolutional Neural Network (Mask R-CNN) model with a resnet101 CNN backbone model is used to perform this task. The second phase, poverty modelling phase, involves using NIDS data to compute the poverty measure Sen-Shorrocks-Thon (SST) index. This is followed by using regression models to model the poverty measure using aggregated results from the aerial classification and detection phase. The study area for this research is Kwa-Zulu Natal (KZN), South Africa. However, this approach can be extended to other provinces in South Africa, by retraining the models on data associated with the location in question.

The aim of this study is to assess how the use of fossil and nuclear power in different renovation scenarios affects the environmental impacts of a multi-family dwelling in Sweden, and how changes in the electricity production with different energy carriers affect the environmental impact. In line with the Paris Agreement, the European Union has set an agenda to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by means of energy efficiency in buildings. It is estimated that by the year 2050, 80% of Europe&rsquo ; s population will be living in buildings that already exist. This means it is important for the European Union to renovate buildings to improve energy efficiency. In this study, eight renovation scenarios, using six different Northern European electricity mixes, were analyzed using the standard of the European Committee for Standardization for life cycle assessment of buildings. This study covers all life cycle steps from cradle to grave. The renovation scenarios include combinations of photovoltaics, geothermal heat pumps, heat recovery ventilation, and improvement of the building envelope. The results show that while in some electricity mixes a reduction in the global warming potential can be achieved, it can be at the expense of an increase in radioactive waste production, and, in mixes with a high share of fossil fuels, the global warming potential of the scenarios increases with time, compared with that of the original building. It also shows that in most electricity mixes, scenarios that reduce the active heat demand of the building end up in reducing both the global warming potential and radioactive waste, making them less sensitive to changes in the energy system.

Altres ajuts: This project was funded by a grant from the Catalan Government Health Service (SLT/682/2012). ; Altres ajuts: MSCBS/EC11-313 ; Objective: To assess the monetary savings resulting from a pharmacist intervention on the appropriateness of prescribed drugs in community-dwelling polymedicated (≥8 drugs) elderly people (≥70 years). Method: An evaluation of pharmaceutical expenditure reduction was performed within a randomised, multicentre clinical trial. The study intervention consisted of a pharmacist evaluation of all drugs prescribed to each patient using the "Good Palliative-Geriatric Practice" algorithm and the "Screening Tool of Older Persons Prescriptions/Screening Tool to Alert doctors to Right Treatment" criteria (STOPP/START). The control group followed the routine standard of care. A time horizon of one year was considered and cost elements included human resources and drug expenditure. Results: 490 patients (245 in each group) were analysed. Both groups experienced a decrease in drug expenditure 12 months after the study started, but this decrease was significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group (−14.3% vs. − 7.7%; p = 0.041). Total annual drug expenditure decreased 233.75 €/patient (95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 169.83-297.67) in the intervention group and 169.40 €/patient (95%CI: 103.37-235.43) in the control group over a one-year period, indicating that 64.30 € would be the drug expenditure savings per patient a year attributable to the study intervention. The estimated return per Euro invested in the programme would be 2.38 € per patient a year on average. Conclusions: The study intervention is a cost-effective alternative to standard care that could generate a positive return of investment.

Abstract ContextLarge forest-dwelling mammals are highly sensitive to habitat structure. Thus, understanding the responses of reintroduced banteng (Bos javanicus d'Alton 1823) to their habitat is important for ensuring the sustainability of a reintroduction program. AimsThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the habitat preferences of banteng after reintroduction into the Salakphra Wildlife Sanctuary in Thailand on the basis of fieldwork conducted between January 2015 and November 2017. MethodsSeven banteng individuals bred at the Khao Nampu Nature and Wildlife Education Center were systematically reintroduced into the Salakphra Wildlife Sanctuary in 2015 (four individuals) and 2016 (three individuals). The banteng individuals were tracked via radio-collars and camera-traps. The maximum-entropy method (MaxEnt) and multiple logistic regressions (MLR) were used to identify habitat preferences. Kernel-density estimates (KDE) and a minimum convex polygon (MCP) were used to estimate the area of the habitat used. Key resultsIn total, 407 radio-signal locations showed that the MaxEnt habitat-preference models classified the banteng as associated with distance from villages and salt licks (regularised training gain of >1.0). Multiple logistic regressions form 32 camera-trap locations classified the banteng as associated with low elevations far from villages, guard stations and roads in a flat area (no aspect). The two methods for estimating habitat use provided similar results and showed that the reintroduced banteng used a wider range of habitat in the dry than in the wet season. ConclusionsThe results from the present study suggest that the reintroduced banteng individuals prefer low elevations and flat areas without human activity. ImplicationsThese findings are important for possible translocations elsewhere.

IntroductionSince 2008, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have performed nationwide survey, Korea Community Health Survey(K-CHS) annually, to collect information on pervalences of smoking, drinking, physical activity, obesity, diet, oral health, and other health-related activities among randomly selected community-dwelling residents aged 19 years or over in ~250 administrative districts(Si-gun-gu).
Objectives and ApproachThis study aims to build comprehensive data library through leakage of area-based data collected from K-CHS and other community contextual health indicators from various government databases. For this purpose, we reviewed other databanks on community status health indicators comprehensively and tried to search linkage information from the related national public database.
ResultsWe reviewed the community health model, which is theoretically and empirically proven in other studies and tried to propose health determinants of community health through population health perspectives. We collected information on health outcomes of each community, measured by overall mortality and self-rated health. We also assessed health determinants, measured in five domains including social network, health behaviors, clinical care, social and economic factors, and physical environment. Childhood environment was dealt briefly. Geo-coded data on selected core indicators were collected for each domain and the validity, reliability, sensitivity, and robustness of these measures was evaluated. We constructed comprehensive databases through linkage of health outcomes and health determinants. We also suggested summary sheet template, comprizing comprehensive community health status indicators.
Conclusion/ImplicationsIn conclusion, we anticipate evidence-based community health intervention and evaluation of its performance through utilizing comprehensive databases on community health.

Purpose: To assess the relationship between light-intensity physical activity (LIPA) and cardiometabolic risk factors among middle-aged and older adults with multiple chronic conditions. Design: Cross-sectional design utilizing data from the Health and Retirement Study (2010, 2012). Setting: Laboratory- and survey-based testing of a nationally representative sample of community-dwelling middle aged and older adults. Participants: Adults aged 50 years and older (N = 14 996). Measures: Weighted metabolic equivalent of tasks was calculated using self-reported frequency of light, moderate, and vigorous physical activity. Cardiometabolic risk factors (systolic and diastolic blood pressure, glycosylated hemoglobin [HbA1c], high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], total cholesterol, and non-HDL-C) were objectively measured. A multiple chronic condition index was based on 8 self-reported chronic conditions. Analysis: Weighted multivariate linear regression models. Results: Light-intensity physical activity was independently associated with favorable HDL-C (β = 1.25; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.46-2.05) and total cholesterol (β = 2.72; 95% CI: 0.53-4.90) after adjusting for relevant confounders. The HDL-C health benefit was apparent when stratified by number of chronic conditions, for individuals with 2 to 3 conditions (β = 1.73; 95% CI: 0.58-2.89). No significant associations were observed between LIPA and blood pressure, HbA1c, or non-HDL-C. Conclusions: Engaging in LIPA may be an important health promotion activity to manage HDL-C and total cholesterol. Additional longitudinal research is needed to determine the causal association between LIPA and cardiometabolic risk which can potentially inform physical activity guidelines targeting older adults with multiple chronic conditions.

What happens at the interface of states and urban poor populations that live in informal settlements? How are academic disciplines, such as law, architecture or economics, and technical instruments, such as computer software, summoned to the interactions between experts from state or city governments and the laypeople whose housing and lives the former's work is meant to improve? This paper reflects on these questions as it examines two different experiments, one historical and another from the recent past, in housing provision or amelioration for the residents of informal settlements. In post-revolutionary Portugal, the SAAL (Servic¸o de Apoio Ambulato´ rio Local) housing program (1974–76) included 'technical' brigades of legal, architectural and economic experts tasked to help shanty town dwellers improve their housing conditions, either by assisted self-building or classic new-build. It was a clear example of the progressive urban politics of the time, or dialogical technical democracy avant la lettre. Some 30 years later, in Lisbon during the late 2000s, as a part of an urban regeneration program devised within the framework of multicultural urban politics and delegative forms of democracy, a detailed survey of non- and sub-standard houses was carried out with a bespoke computer software, which aimed at representing the technical feasibility of rehabilitation, rather than replacement, of those dwellings. Both experiments constituted platforms with the stated objective of working for the community and through which new state–citizen relationships were to be forged with the urban poor, but how were the latter's knowledges and wishes integrated? ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

As a consequence of the 'refugee-crisis', right-wing movements all over Europe are the political agenda. A close investigation of how cause and effect are connected is therefore long overdue. By closely analyzing Brett Bailey's controversial artwork Exhibit B that features several tableaux vivants depicting colonial subjects and refugees, this paper seeks to accomplish two goals: first, to illustrate that the so-called 'refugee-crisis' is a direct result of past (and ongoing) colonial interventions by the European nations; and second, to address the arduous task of defining the self in times of 'crisis'. As a sort of panoptic 'mirror stage', the human zoo format of the late 19th and early 20th century was a cardinal means to corroborate European economic predominance, cultural superiority, and racial fixity by constantly reproducing the hegemonic binary between 'them' and 'us'. Exhibit B uses this intertext to bind together early (colonialist) representations of the Other and the latest 'product' of the global economy by laying bare the space both of these processes of Othering rely on in order to take effect: the 'zone of indistinction', the sovereign-declared threshold between bios and zoē. This paper hence uses the transformative link of Exhibit B to the 'human zoo' in order to argue that 'the refugee' is the biopolitical product of a continuously progressing process of othering; he is the result of predominant colonial narratives and economic structures: an 'uncivilized' and 'potentially dangerous' (human) being that is incompatible with 'our' norms and values; he is a modern homo sacer dwelling in ever-changing zones of indistinction – he is another Other.