Suchergebnisse

Rozwój technologii informatycznych w ciągu ostatnich 25 lat zmienił kontekst i praktykę partycypacji. Pojawiło się pojęcie "e-partycypacja", które oznacza interakcję między sferą społeczeństwa obywatelskiego a formalną sferą polityki i administracji za pośrednictwem technologii informatycznych. W artykule przedstawiono funkcje e-partycypacji, stosowane narzędzia, a także krytykę tego sposobu angażowania obywateli. Następnie naszkicowano sytuację e-partycypacji w Polsce oraz szczegółowy przypadek sondażu internetowego w Poznaniu, który wykorzystywany jest jako narzędzie konsultacyjne. Na koniec przedstawiono wnioski oparte na analizie stosowania sondażu internetowego jako narzędzia e-partycypacji. Sondaże przeprowadzone w Poznaniu mogą zostać zaliczone do sondaży nieprobabilistycznych, a konkretnie – do sondaży opierających się na dobrowolnym uczestnictwie każdego, kto się zgłosi. Sondaże internetowe spełniały głównie funkcję aktywizacyjną. Pomagają one zatem w emancypacji wykluczonych grup społecznych ("dają głos" mieszkańcom) oraz zapewniają lepszą legitymizację decyzji. W mniejszym stopniu przyczyniają się do poprawy jakości podejmowanych decyzji i poprawy działania administracji. Realizowanie tych dwóch ostatnich funkcji wymagałoby większej dbałości o probabilistyczny charakter prób. ; The development of information and communication technologies over the last 25 years has changed the context and practice of participation. There emerged the concept of e-participation, meaning the interaction between the sphere of civil society and the formal sphere of politics and administration, through information technology. The paper presents the functions of e-participation, the tools used and the criticism raised at this method of engaging citizens. Further, e-participation practice in Poland is introduced with a detailed case of web surveys in Poznań which are used as a consultation tool. Finally, the conclusions are offered, based on an analysis of the useof web surveys as a tool of e-participation. The surveys carried out in Poznań can be classified as based on non-probabilistic sampling. They rely on the voluntary participation of respondents who come forward. Internet surveys meet the mostly activation. Thus, they empowered marginalized social groups ('give voice' to inhabitants) gave greater legitimacy to decisions. To a lesser extent, this tool contributed to improving the quality of decision making and to an improvement in the workings of the administration. The implementation of the latter two functions would require greater attention to the probabilistic characteristic of the sampling.

The article presents three key elements involved in е-participation of citizens in public affairs. Firstly, e-information – information on the government web sites that is of interest to the community. Secondly, e-consultation – mechanisms and tools of online discussion on socially significant problems. Thirdly, e-decision making – the consideration of the contribution of online citizens in the decision-making process, providing continuous feedback. Moreover, the article presents the challenges that rise from implementing them, as well as the benefits that they bring. The most important among these benefits are: strengthening the democratic legitimacy of the authorities, improving the regulations adopted by legislative bodies and decisions made by the executive, more efficient processing of documents and their distribution among the interested parties, and increasing the level of compliance with the established rules.

The article presents three key elements involved in е-participation of citizens in public affairs. Firstly, e-information – information on the government web sites that is of interest to the community. Secondly, e-consultation – mechanisms and tools of online discussion on socially significant problems. Thirdly, e-decision making – the consideration of the contribution of online citizens in the decision-making process, providing continuous feedback. Moreover, the article presents the challenges that rise from implementing them, as well as the benefits that they bring. The most important among these benefits are: strengthening the democratic legitimacy of the authorities, improving the regulations adopted by legislative bodies and decisions made by the executive, more efficient processing of documents and their distribution among the interested parties, and increasing the level of compliance with the established rules.

Citizen participation is an essential element of democracy, the contemporary model is based on the participation of citizens in political decision-making processes. In many interpretations of participatory democracy it calls attention to the fact that the local level is conducive to the development of civic participation. Therefore, the city should be a pioneer in the development of electronic forms of participation, which in the era of digitalization and virtualization of life are becoming more common and desirable. Ambitious and modern cities, designed for the purpose of improving the life of citizens by using technology are called Smart Cities. This article is an attempt to critically analyze the functioning of electronic forms of civic participation in the Polish cities, mainly e-governance, but also the public consultation and participatory budgeting. The experience of other countries will be used in the comparative analysis (Japan, Germany, Spain), to identify the challenges and goals for our country. The author calls attention to the view that for the smooth and effective functioning of cities, it is necessary to involve citizens in the process of political decision-making, especially with the use of electronic tools, because then it ensures the criteria to be smart. ; Partycypacja obywatelska stanowi istotny element demokracji, której współczesny model opiera się na udziale obywateli w procesie podejmowania decyzji politycznych. W wielu interpretacjach demokracji uczestniczącej zwraca się uwagę na fakt, że poziom lokalny sprzyja rozwojowi partycypacji obywatelskiej. A zatem miasta powinny być pionierem w zakresie rozwoju elektronicznych form partycypacji, które w dobie cyfryzacji oraz wirtualizacji życia (również publicznego) są coraz bardziej powszechne i pożądane. Miasta ambitne i nowoczesne, mające za cel ulepszanie życia obywateli z wykorzystaniem technologii nazywa się smart cities. Niniejszy artykuł to próba krytycznej analizy funkcjonowania elektronicznych form uczestnictwa obywatelskiego w polskich miastach, głównie narzędzi e-administracji, ale i konsultacji społecznych czy budżetu partycypacyjnego. W analizie porównawczej zostały zaś przywołane doświadczenia innych państw (Japonia, Niemcy, Hiszpania), by wskazać na wyzwania i cele dla naszego kraju. Autorka poddaje pod rozwagę pogląd, że dla sprawnego i skutecznego funkcjonowania ośrodków miejskich typu smart, konieczne jest włączanie obywateli w proces podejmowania decyzji politycznych, zwłaszcza z wykorzystaniem narzędzi elektronicznych, bo tylko wówczas uda się spełniać kryteria miasta inteligentnego.

Electronic participatory budgeting is becoming an important element of social consultations. The legal ground for its operation at the municipal level is provided in Article 5a of the Act of municipal self-government. The organisation of participatory budgeting is a manifestation of direct democracy that allows citizens to express their approval or disapproval of the actions taken by local authorities. It also reflects the level of citizen e-participation in public life. In Poland e-participation is still at a developing stage and therefore needs to be further researched in comparative studies. This article is an attempt to determine whether in the largest cities in Poland e-participation is used in voting on city budgets and if the answer if in the affirmative, which e-tools are available and used, and to what extent. By analysing relevant and applicable legislation, the possibility of electronic filing of projects as well as the number of e-voters have been researched. All budgeting processes taking place in Warszawa, Kraków, Łódź, Wrocław and Poznań since 2015, when the project started, have been examined. Citizen participatory budgeting as such started in Poland in 2011. However, the largest cities continue to encounter difficulties in their proper implementation. Resorting to electronic tools has not helped much, what is more, some municipal bodies, for the sake of least complexity, sometimes resign even from the use of electronic signature. If this is the case, a question may be asked about the reason for such poor e-participation of Polish citizens in this one of the few anyway, forms of e-participation available in Poland. ; 1 ; 13 ; 129 ; 147 ; 6 ; Studia Prawa Publicznego

The article focuses on the national dimensions of the EU communication policy in Sweden, Finland and Denmark. The cornerstone of the EU communication policy is the dialogue with citizens about the policies and the future of the EU. It is based on openness, transparency and accountability which greatly contribute to building citizens' trust in the authorities' activity. EU communication policy is realized through e-governance, language policy and the policy in the sphere of mass media. The aim of the article is to analyze the experience and best practices of top 3 EU countries (Sweden, Finland and Denmark) in terms of the assessment of national policies in the field of ICT and digital skills of citizens in the sphere of communication policy. The hypothesis is that these states being the leaders as to citizens' digital literacy have introduced efficient channels of involving citizens in the decision making process.

The article focuses on the national dimensions of the EU communication policy in Sweden, Finland and Denmark. The cornerstone of the EU communication policy is the dialogue with citizens about the policies and the future of the EU. It is based on openness, transparency and accountability which greatly contribute to building citizens' trust in the authorities' activity. EU communication policy is realized through e-governance, language policy and the policy in the sphere of mass media. The aim of the article is to analyze the experience and best practices of top 3 EU countries (Sweden, Finland and Denmark) in terms of the assessment of national policies in the field of ICT and digital skills of citizens in the sphere of communication policy. The hypothesis is that these states being the leaders as to citizens' digital literacy have introduced efficient channels of involving citizens in the decision making process.

Electronic participatory budgeting is becoming an important element of social consultations. The legal ground for its operation at the municipal level is provided in Article 5a of the Act of municipal self-government. The organisation of participatory budgeting is a manifestation of direct democracy that allows citizens to express their approval or disapproval of the actions taken by local authorities. It also reflects the level of citizen e-participation in public life. In Poland e-participation is still at a developing stage and therefore needs to be further researched in comparative studies. This article is an attempt to determine whether in the largest cities in Poland e-participation is used in voting on city budgets and if the answer if in the affirmative, which e-tools are available and used, and to what extent. By analysing relevant and applicable legislation, the possibility of electronic filing of projects as well as the number of e-voters have been researched. All budgeting processes taking place in Warszawa, Kraków, Łódź, Wrocław and Poznań since 2015, when the project started, have been examined. Citizen participatory budgeting as such started in Poland in 2011. However, the largest cities continue to encounter difficulties in their proper implementation. Resorting to electronic tools has not helped much, what is more, some municipal bodies, for the sake of least complexity, sometimes resign even from the use of electronic signature. If this is the case, a question may be asked about the reason for such poor e-participation of Polish citizens in this one of the few anyway, forms of e-participation available in Poland. ; Electronic participatory budgeting is becoming an important element of social consultations. The legal ground for its operation at the municipal level is provided in Article 5a of the Act of municipal self-government. The organisation of participatory budgeting is a manifestation of direct democracy that allows citizens to express their approval or disapproval of the actions taken by local authorities. It also reflects the level of citizen e-participation in public life. In Poland e-participation is still at a developing stage and therefore needs to be further researched in comparative studies. This article is an attempt to determine whether in the largest cities in Poland e-participation is used in voting on city budgets and if the answer if in the affirmative, which e-tools are available and used, and to what extent. By analysing relevant and applicable legislation, the possibility of electronic filing of projects as well as the number of e-voters have been researched. All budgeting processes taking place in Warszawa, Kraków, Łódź, Wrocław and Poznań since 2015, when the project started, have been examined. Citizen participatory budgeting as such started in Poland in 2011. However, the largest cities continue to encounter difficulties in their proper implementation. Resorting to electronic tools has not helped much, what is more, some municipal bodies, for the sake of least complexity, sometimes resign even from the use of electronic signature. If this is the case, a question may be asked about the reason for such poor e-participation of Polish citizens in this one of the few anyway, forms of e-participation available in Poland.

The purpose of diagnosis was: conduct studies that provide full and accurate knowledge of the cultural needs of the residents of Podlasie Voivodship; identify the main barriers to participation in high culture; quantitative and qualitative definition of cultural institutions image, including the Drama Theatre, and the evaluation of their artistic activity; measure the region's cultural capital by an index of cultural institutions use by residents of Podlasie Voivodship.

Participation is a key element in the governance and programming of development. Various forms and tools of participation (information, consultation, cooperation) are used in the programming models (expert, expert-participative, participative). The development of local management potential is the main result of the participation of stakeholders in decision making and their implementation. The barriers to the implementation of participation in the process of local development programming have been identified in the paper at the basis of the critical literature analysis, web and desk research and questionnaire survey in communes of the Opolskie Voivodeship.

Citizen participation is becoming an important element of self-government practice in Poland. One of the tools supporting the process of involving residents in local government matters is participatory budgeting. Its fundamental importance is to provide residents of local government units with the possibility of deciding on the allocation of some budget expenses, in particular those relating to infrastructure investments. Participatory budgeting is one of the most effective citizen practices aimed at involving residents in managing their cities. However, it can be a tool or a single project and a part of a thorough, long-term, and comprehensive reform of urban policy, based on the city's administrative reform. Citizen engagement is also seen as an instrument of state effectiveness. When citizens can meet their needs and hold public institutions accountable, public money is likely to be used more efficiently to deliver public goods and services that are better suited to citizens' needs. Recognition of the potential of citizen involvement in public affairs is widespread. The aim of the article is to present the concept and genesis of citizen participation as well as to analyze and compare the completed editions of the Zielona Góra Participatory Budgeting in 20132020. A particular attention was paid to the types of winning tasks and the principles of budget implementation.