Aufsatz(elektronisch)#1Juli 1971
The Social Costs of Modernization: Ecological Problems in the USSR
In: World politics: a quarterly journal of international relations, Band 23, Heft 4, S. 618-634
ISSN: 1086-3338
Virtually all of the existing literature on modernization is concerned with the virtues of modernity. It focuses on the gains to be derived from modernization—industrialization, material progress, social welfare, political rationality, etc. But experience suggests that gains are usually achieved at some cost: the drive toward modernity seems invariably to produce new social and personal problems. In the USSR—perhaps the world's most developed underdeveloped country—the modernization process has been accompanied by massive social costs.