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International audience ; Conflicting relationships between institutional water managers and riparian farmers in relation to environmental preservation targets is often regarded as the expression of a fundamental antagonism between public and particular interests, correlated to an opposition between ecological and economic values. This article analyzes the case of the torrential Buëch valley (Hautes-Alpes), where water basin managers designed a plan that aimed to re-establish a wider space of mobility for the river. This plan has raised opposition and anger on the part of local farmers and authorities, who are concerned with the preservation of the agricultural dykes. Based on an anthropological survey, this article demonstrates the plurality of environmental rationalities and moral subjectivities at work in the opposition to the ecological restoration of this river. Highlighting the different rationalities and visions held by the actors of the valley, it invalidates the idea of a fundamental antagonism between public and particular interests and calls for greater moral pluralism regarding environmental issues. ; Les conflits entre acteurs publics de l'eau et agriculteurs privés sont souvent présentés comme la confrontation d'intérêts antagonistes, opposant l'intérêt général aux intérêts particuliers, et les valeurs écologiques aux valeurs économiques. L'élaboration d'un plan de gestion du Buëch (Hautes-Alpes) a localement déclenché ce type de conflit, et ce malgré la démarche de concertation initiée par les gestionnaires du bassin versant. L'objectif consistant à redonner un espace de libre expansion à la rivière a en effet suscité la vive opposition des agriculteurs et des élus locaux, car ce projet implique la destruction de digues agricoles séculaires. En s'attachant à décrire les différentes dimensions de ce conflit, cet article montre la pluralité des rationalités environnementales et des subjectivités morales qui sous-tendent les positions des différents acteurs, ainsi que leur caractère politique. Cette ...

International audience ; Conflicting relationships between institutional water managers and riparian farmers in relation to environmental preservation targets is often regarded as the expression of a fundamental antagonism between public and particular interests, correlated to an opposition between ecological and economic values. This article analyzes the case of the torrential Buëch valley (Hautes-Alpes), where water basin managers designed a plan that aimed to re-establish a wider space of mobility for the river. This plan has raised opposition and anger on the part of local farmers and authorities, who are concerned with the preservation of the agricultural dykes. Based on an anthropological survey, this article demonstrates the plurality of environmental rationalities and moral subjectivities at work in the opposition to the ecological restoration of this river. Highlighting the different rationalities and visions held by the actors of the valley, it invalidates the idea of a fundamental antagonism between public and particular interests and calls for greater moral pluralism regarding environmental issues. ; Les conflits entre acteurs publics de l'eau et agriculteurs privés sont souvent présentés comme la confrontation d'intérêts antagonistes, opposant l'intérêt général aux intérêts particuliers, et les valeurs écologiques aux valeurs économiques. L'élaboration d'un plan de gestion du Buëch (Hautes-Alpes) a localement déclenché ce type de conflit, et ce malgré la démarche de concertation initiée par les gestionnaires du bassin versant. L'objectif consistant à redonner un espace de libre expansion à la rivière a en effet suscité la vive opposition des agriculteurs et des élus locaux, car ce projet implique la destruction de digues agricoles séculaires. En s'attachant à décrire les différentes dimensions de ce conflit, cet article montre la pluralité des rationalités environnementales et des subjectivités morales qui sous-tendent les positions des différents acteurs, ainsi que leur caractère politique. Cette contribution déconstruit la représentation d'un intérêt général univoque qui s'opposerait à des intérêts particuliers comptables, et appelle à reconnaître la diversité des modes d'attachements à la nature et des façons de se soucier du bien commun.

International audience ; The forecasting of ecotoxicologic risks is done through a systemic approach of sustainable development. Hypothesising a maximum potential risk in increase of toxic algae in New Caledonia, we demonstrate the interdependencies of ecological, biological, sanitary and socioeconomic risks (tourism, recreational activities, fishing, nutrition, health, culture and political structures). We conclude by bringing forth the question of governance of environmental risk through the notion of "global public good" and "collective rationality". ; La prévision des risques écotoxicologiques passe par une approche systémique et critique de la notion de développement durable. En envisageant, pour la Nouvelle Calédonie, un risque potentiel maximal d'augmentation des efflorescences algales nuisibles, nous mettons en évidence l'articulation des risques écologiques, biologiques, sanitaires et socioéconomiques (loisirs, tourisme, pêche, habitudes alimentaires, santé, culture et structures politiques). Nous évoquons en conclusion la question de la gouvernance d'un risque environnemental à partir de la notion de « bien public mondial » et de « rationalité collective ».

International audience ; The forecasting of ecotoxicologic risks is done through a systemic approach of sustainable development. Hypothesising a maximum potential risk in increase of toxic algae in New Caledonia, we demonstrate the interdependencies of ecological, biological, sanitary and socioeconomic risks (tourism, recreational activities, fishing, nutrition, health, culture and political structures). We conclude by bringing forth the question of governance of environmental risk through the notion of "global public good" and "collective rationality". ; La prévision des risques écotoxicologiques passe par une approche systémique et critique de la notion de développement durable. En envisageant, pour la Nouvelle Calédonie, un risque potentiel maximal d'augmentation des efflorescences algales nuisibles, nous mettons en évidence l'articulation des risques écologiques, biologiques, sanitaires et socioéconomiques (loisirs, tourisme, pêche, habitudes alimentaires, santé, culture et structures politiques). Nous évoquons en conclusion la question de la gouvernance d'un risque environnemental à partir de la notion de « bien public mondial » et de « rationalité collective ».

International audience ; The forecasting of ecotoxicologic risks is done through a systemic approach of sustainable development. Hypothesising a maximum potential risk in increase of toxic algae in New Caledonia, we demonstrate the interdependencies of ecological, biological, sanitary and socioeconomic risks (tourism, recreational activities, fishing, nutrition, health, culture and political structures). We conclude by bringing forth the question of governance of environmental risk through the notion of "global public good" and "collective rationality". ; La prévision des risques écotoxicologiques passe par une approche systémique et critique de la notion de développement durable. En envisageant, pour la Nouvelle Calédonie, un risque potentiel maximal d'augmentation des efflorescences algales nuisibles, nous mettons en évidence l'articulation des risques écologiques, biologiques, sanitaires et socioéconomiques (loisirs, tourisme, pêche, habitudes alimentaires, santé, culture et structures politiques). Nous évoquons en conclusion la question de la gouvernance d'un risque environnemental à partir de la notion de « bien public mondial » et de « rationalité collective ».

International audience ; The forecasting of ecotoxicologic risks is done through a systemic approach of sustainable development. Hypothesising a maximum potential risk in increase of toxic algae in New Caledonia, we demonstrate the interdependencies of ecological, biological, sanitary and socioeconomic risks (tourism, recreational activities, fishing, nutrition, health, culture and political structures). We conclude by bringing forth the question of governance of environmental risk through the notion of "global public good" and "collective rationality". ; La prévision des risques écotoxicologiques passe par une approche systémique et critique de la notion de développement durable. En envisageant, pour la Nouvelle Calédonie, un risque potentiel maximal d'augmentation des efflorescences algales nuisibles, nous mettons en évidence l'articulation des risques écologiques, biologiques, sanitaires et socioéconomiques (loisirs, tourisme, pêche, habitudes alimentaires, santé, culture et structures politiques). Nous évoquons en conclusion la question de la gouvernance d'un risque environnemental à partir de la notion de « bien public mondial » et de « rationalité collective ».

International audience ; The forecasting of ecotoxicologic risks is done through a systemic approach of sustainable development. Hypothesising a maximum potential risk in increase of toxic algae in New Caledonia, we demonstrate the interdependencies of ecological, biological, sanitary and socioeconomic risks (tourism, recreational activities, fishing, nutrition, health, culture and political structures). We conclude by bringing forth the question of governance of environmental risk through the notion of "global public good" and "collective rationality". ; La prévision des risques écotoxicologiques passe par une approche systémique et critique de la notion de développement durable. En envisageant, pour la Nouvelle Calédonie, un risque potentiel maximal d'augmentation des efflorescences algales nuisibles, nous mettons en évidence l'articulation des risques écologiques, biologiques, sanitaires et socioéconomiques (loisirs, tourisme, pêche, habitudes alimentaires, santé, culture et structures politiques). Nous évoquons en conclusion la question de la gouvernance d'un risque environnemental à partir de la notion de « bien public mondial » et de « rationalité collective ».

International audience ; The forecasting of ecotoxicologic risks is done through a systemic approach of sustainable development. Hypothesising a maximum potential risk in increase of toxic algae in New Caledonia, we demonstrate the interdependencies of ecological, biological, sanitary and socioeconomic risks (tourism, recreational activities, fishing, nutrition, health, culture and political structures). We conclude by bringing forth the question of governance of environmental risk through the notion of "global public good" and "collective rationality". ; La prévision des risques écotoxicologiques passe par une approche systémique et critique de la notion de développement durable. En envisageant, pour la Nouvelle Calédonie, un risque potentiel maximal d'augmentation des efflorescences algales nuisibles, nous mettons en évidence l'articulation des risques écologiques, biologiques, sanitaires et socioéconomiques (loisirs, tourisme, pêche, habitudes alimentaires, santé, culture et structures politiques). Nous évoquons en conclusion la question de la gouvernance d'un risque environnemental à partir de la notion de « bien public mondial » et de « rationalité collective ».

International audience ; The forecasting of ecotoxicologic risks is done through a systemic approach of sustainable development. Hypothesising a maximum potential risk in increase of toxic algae in New Caledonia, we demonstrate the interdependencies of ecological, biological, sanitary and socioeconomic risks (tourism, recreational activities, fishing, nutrition, health, culture and political structures). We conclude by bringing forth the question of governance of environmental risk through the notion of "global public good" and "collective rationality". ; La prévision des risques écotoxicologiques passe par une approche systémique et critique de la notion de développement durable. En envisageant, pour la Nouvelle Calédonie, un risque potentiel maximal d'augmentation des efflorescences algales nuisibles, nous mettons en évidence l'articulation des risques écologiques, biologiques, sanitaires et socioéconomiques (loisirs, tourisme, pêche, habitudes alimentaires, santé, culture et structures politiques). Nous évoquons en conclusion la question de la gouvernance d'un risque environnemental à partir de la notion de « bien public mondial » et de « rationalité collective ».

The end of the soviet system led to a reorganization of former kolkhozes and sovkhozes in Russia. Despite these transformations, the agricultural operators have developed strategies to preserve their non-market goods production. The decision to keep the former social role question the experts. Indeed, these behaviors create a priori less efficient economic performances, which should lead these enterprises to disappear. However, these strategies helps to maintain large corporate farms, which should not be compatible with the market (because of the economies of scale). This way, Russian agriculture became heterogeneous, while the reforms should have mainly helped only the emergence of small farms. Our main thesis is that a sectoral regulationist approach, which considers that the actor have a specific rationality links to the fact that this actor is also a member of a community, is able to analyze the choice to product some non market goods.To analyze the regulation we have used the concept of "productive configuration" saw as a representation of the framework which organizes the coherence of some institutional elements (as rules, political choices, territorial issues, market rules.). Ours empirical works in the oblast of Orel allowed us to represent the regulation of the agricultural sector as four "productive configurations". We explained the plurality of the configurations as the result of the diversity of agreements consented by heterogeneous actors. These agreements allow each actor to maximize his interests according to his power and to reproduce the community to which he belongs to. To defend their individual and collective interests the actors create some legal structures on the land market which prevent the standard capitalism development in the Russian agriculture. These legal structures are based on the construction of the land as a collective patrimony. ; Notre thèse propose de sortir d'un schéma dual dans lequel les forces poussant au développement et la modernisation du secteur agricole russe, dans ...

The end of the soviet system led to a reorganization of former kolkhozes and sovkhozes in Russia. Despite these transformations, the agricultural operators have developed strategies to preserve their non-market goods production. The decision to keep the former social role question the experts. Indeed, these behaviors create a priori less efficient economic performances, which should lead these enterprises to disappear. However, these strategies helps to maintain large corporate farms, which should not be compatible with the market (because of the economies of scale). This way, Russian agriculture became heterogeneous, while the reforms should have mainly helped only the emergence of small farms. Our main thesis is that a sectoral regulationist approach, which considers that the actor have a specific rationality links to the fact that this actor is also a member of a community, is able to analyze the choice to product some non market goods.To analyze the regulation we have used the concept of "productive configuration" saw as a representation of the framework which organizes the coherence of some institutional elements (as rules, political choices, territorial issues, market rules.). Ours empirical works in the oblast of Orel allowed us to represent the regulation of the agricultural sector as four "productive configurations". We explained the plurality of the configurations as the result of the diversity of agreements consented by heterogeneous actors. These agreements allow each actor to maximize his interests according to his power and to reproduce the community to which he belongs to. To defend their individual and collective interests the actors create some legal structures on the land market which prevent the standard capitalism development in the Russian agriculture. These legal structures are based on the construction of the land as a collective patrimony. ; Notre thèse propose de sortir d'un schéma dual dans lequel les forces poussant au développement et la modernisation du secteur agricole russe, dans ...

International audience ; The rationality of economic decisions is the main objective of economic science, which proposes to determine the laws and relationships between economic variables that are susceptible to logical or mathematical treatment. However, the project of making economic analysis partially independent of other social sciences is not satisfactory. Political conditions between states, the importance of international organizations in economics, security issues and power relations between allied or enemy states, public and private indebtedness, the importance of sovereign wealth funds, the rise of modern production technologies, ecological issues or global warming are finally too little integrated into the reflections of economic theorists, which contributes to the unpredictability of economists' forecasts in the short term. They remind us that economics is deeply political, especially in a situation of increasing economic globalization, with a main hypothesis of peace. ; La rationalité des décisions économiques est l'objectif principal de la science économique, laquelle se propose de déterminer les lois et des relations entre les variables économiques susceptibles d'un traitement logique ou mathématique. Cependant, le projet de rendre l'analyse économique partiellement indépendante des autres sciences sociales n'est pas satisfaisante. Les conditions politiques entre les Etats, l'importance des organisations internationales en économie, les questions de sécurité et les rapports de puissance entre les Etats alliés ou ennemis l'endettement public et privé, l'importance des fonds souverains, l'essor des technologies modernes de la production, les questions écologiques ou le réchauffement climatique sont finalement trop peu intégrées dans les réflexions des théoriciens de l'économie, ce qui contribue aux imprévisibles prévisions des économistes dans le court terme. Elles rappellent ainsi que l'économie est profondément politique, notamment dans une situation de globalisation économique croissante supposée ...

International audience ; The rationality of economic decisions is the main objective of economic science, which proposes to determine the laws and relationships between economic variables that are susceptible to logical or mathematical treatment. However, the project of making economic analysis partially independent of other social sciences is not satisfactory. Political conditions between states, the importance of international organizations in economics, security issues and power relations between allied or enemy states, public and private indebtedness, the importance of sovereign wealth funds, the rise of modern production technologies, ecological issues or global warming are finally too little integrated into the reflections of economic theorists, which contributes to the unpredictability of economists' forecasts in the short term. They remind us that economics is deeply political, especially in a situation of increasing economic globalization, with a main hypothesis of peace. ; La rationalité des décisions économiques est l'objectif principal de la science économique, laquelle se propose de déterminer les lois et des relations entre les variables économiques susceptibles d'un traitement logique ou mathématique. Cependant, le projet de rendre l'analyse économique partiellement indépendante des autres sciences sociales n'est pas satisfaisante. Les conditions politiques entre les Etats, l'importance des organisations internationales en économie, les questions de sécurité et les rapports de puissance entre les Etats alliés ou ennemis l'endettement public et privé, l'importance des fonds souverains, l'essor des technologies modernes de la production, les questions écologiques ou le réchauffement climatique sont finalement trop peu intégrées dans les réflexions des théoriciens de l'économie, ce qui contribue aux imprévisibles prévisions des économistes dans le court terme. Elles rappellent ainsi que l'économie est profondément politique, notamment dans une situation de globalisation économique croissante supposée ...

International audience ; The rationality of economic decisions is the main objective of economic science, which proposes to determine the laws and relationships between economic variables that are susceptible to logical or mathematical treatment. However, the project of making economic analysis partially independent of other social sciences is not satisfactory. Political conditions between states, the importance of international organizations in economics, security issues and power relations between allied or enemy states, public and private indebtedness, the importance of sovereign wealth funds, the rise of modern production technologies, ecological issues or global warming are finally too little integrated into the reflections of economic theorists, which contributes to the unpredictability of economists' forecasts in the short term. They remind us that economics is deeply political, especially in a situation of increasing economic globalization, with a main hypothesis of peace. ; La rationalité des décisions économiques est l'objectif principal de la science économique, laquelle se propose de déterminer les lois et des relations entre les variables économiques susceptibles d'un traitement logique ou mathématique. Cependant, le projet de rendre l'analyse économique partiellement indépendante des autres sciences sociales n'est pas satisfaisante. Les conditions politiques entre les Etats, l'importance des organisations internationales en économie, les questions de sécurité et les rapports de puissance entre les Etats alliés ou ennemis l'endettement public et privé, l'importance des fonds souverains, l'essor des technologies modernes de la production, les questions écologiques ou le réchauffement climatique sont finalement trop peu intégrées dans les réflexions des théoriciens de l'économie, ce qui contribue aux imprévisibles prévisions des économistes dans le court terme. Elles rappellent ainsi que l'économie est profondément politique, notamment dans une situation de globalisation économique croissante supposée ...

This research deals with the processes of standardization performed through various sociotechnical agencements and also with the normalizations and regulations of both environmental discourses and practices within the 'sphere of producing' (Jonas). Focusing on many companies and the ways they integrate concerns about environment and sustainable development (via management systems, reporting, labelization, etc.), this dissertation describes finely the concerned actors' networks, and especially the mediations provided by a multitude of texts, written and conveyed by heterogeneous entities. Moreover, the resulting "architexture" is translated into the firm's environmental practices - which may circularly affect norms and standards. Our methodological approach consists in depicting ethnographically different types of environmental politics that are institutionalized by several companies and in describing three of them through very precise monographs. The core hypothesis of this research is thus to understand how the markets are designing the environment; but also, symmetrically, if and how this environment can contribute to a politization of the sphere of production particularly by questioning the instruments serving as a proof of the firm's commitment toward the environment. Emphasizing the hybrid forms taken by markets' environmental politics and the public policies, this study explains the development of compromises between economic rationality, market-sector behavior, techno-scientific innovation and political commitment towards environmental issues - locally and globally. It conducts me to underline the role of environmental indicators and benchmarks in making the environment quantifiable and measurable - and therefore incorporable in discourses and practices. So the co-production of markets and environment(s) finally appeared as a pragmatic of the "less evil", setting the basis for minimal compromises between ecology and economy as well as those for a potential ecological ethic within the sphere of producing. ...