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Ecological reasoning has been a subject of discussion for some time now. The earliest references to it dates back to 1983 when John S. Dryzek wrote his article on 'ecological rationality'.3 In this article, Dryzek discussed the problem of collective decision making and argued that 'ecological rationality' is a more fundamental form of reason than all other forms of rationality - political, economic, technical, legal and social4 - and hence should take precedence over them when making collective decisions or public policies.5 Dryzek gave the utmost importance to 'ecological rationality' because he claimed that "the preservation of the life-support systems upon which human beings depend is a precondition to the continued existence of society."6 Although, he argued that ecological reasoning should set the standard of reasoning, he didn't make it clear what ecological reasoning entails. This paper aims to explore the incurrent patterns of 'ecological reasoning' through observations of instances of reasoning by self-claimed ecological reasoners in an ethnographic research. In our in depth interviews (48 owners and managers of greentech and consultancy firms in Portugal and Turkey) some of our interlocutors, self claimed ecological reasoners, said that they need to translate their ecological reasoning into economical reasoning in order to appeal to their customers. In other words, in order to make sense, they need to frame their ecological concerns in economic terms. However, contrary to the clarity of economic reasoning, ecological reasoning manifests in a foggy terrain. What are the characteristics of reasoning pattern that make it ecological? Economic reasoning manifests itself in profit maximization, interest seeking etc. However ecological reasoning is a camelon, the colours oscillates between attributing intrinsic value to nature on the one hand; and it gains the colour of means-end rationality on the other.

First paragraph: I write this review under lockdown amid a global pandemic. So far today (March 25th 2020), the Dow Jones is up 5 percent. Last week trading was suspended following a 13 percent fall. Financial markets across the globe are struggling to price the risk posed by an unprecedented phenomenon. Given this uncertainty, the equity premium puzzle might not look like such a puzzle after all. ; Output Type: Book Review

1. The ecological crisis of reason -- 2. Rationalism and the ambiguity of science -- 3. The politics of ecological rationality -- 4. Inequality and ecological rationality -- 5. The blindspots of centrism and human self-enclosure -- 6. Philosophy, prudence and anthropocentrism -- 7. The ethics of commodification -- 8. Towards a dialogical interspecies ethics -- 9. Unity, solidarity and deep ecology -- 10. Towards a materialist spirituality of place -- 11. Conclusion.

The interaction among species & chemicals in the food chain often yields potential outcomes that are difficult to foresee. In policy terms, these interactions comprise an information load beyond human cognition, resulting in unexpected side effects, eg, invasions of species, epidemics, air pollution, toxic substances, & endangered species. The policy process attempts to deal with the information problem by using: (1) an incremental approach, (2) a bounding approach, or (3) an uncertainty approach. Unfortunately, the bounding approach excludes all data on interactions outside the apparent cause/effect hypothesis. Possible approaches to augment & improve environmental policy, beyond the bounding approach, are: inquiring into uncertainties & side effects, choosing complex ecologies over simple ones, & sampling for uncertain risks by probability assessments. HA.

ABSTRACTThe interaction among myriad species and chemicals in the food chain often yields potential outcomes which are difficult to foresee. In policy terms, these interactions comprise an information load beyond human cognition, resulting in unexpected side effects. The clearest examples are seen in the invasions of species and epidemics, air pollution, toxic substances, and endangered species. The policy process attempts to deal with the information problem by using (1) an incremental approach, (2) a bounding approach, or (3) an uncertainty approach. Unfortunately, the bounding approach excludes all data on interactions outside the apparent cause/effect hypothesis. Possible approaches to augment and improve environmental policy, beyond the bounding approach, are to inquire into uncertainties and side‐effects, choose complex ecologies over simple ones, and sample for uncertain risks by probability assessments.

THE BOUNDING APPROACH OF THE POLICY PROCESS IN DEALING WITH THE INFORMATION PROBLEM EXCLUDES ALL DATA OUTSIDE THE APPARENT CAUSE /EFFECT HYPOTHESIS. POSSIBLE APPROACHES ARE TO INQUIRE INTO SIDE-EFFECTS AND UNCERTAINTIES, CHOSE COMPLEX ECOLOGIES OVER SIMPLE, AND SAMPLE FOR UNCERTAIN RISKS BY PROBABLITY ASSESSMENTS.