Ecological consequences of warfare
In: Vojno delo, Band 69, Heft 4, S. 126-133
3030 Ergebnisse
Sortierung:
In: Vojno delo, Band 69, Heft 4, S. 126-133
In: International journal of sustainable development & world ecology, Band 4, Heft 2, S. 77-78
ISSN: 1745-2627
In: Foreign affairs: an American quarterly review, Band 55, Heft 2, S. 428
ISSN: 2327-7793
In: Advances in ecological research, 22.1992
World Affairs Online
In: Environmental management: an international journal for decision makers, scientists, and environmental auditors, Band 10, Heft 4, S. 495-513
ISSN: 1432-1009
In: Environmental science and pollution research: ESPR, Band 30, Heft 12, S. 34115-34134
ISSN: 1614-7499
In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Chemical Series, Band 54, Heft 4, S. 487-504
ISSN: 2524-2342
Information on the production and use of fluorine-containing foaming agents intended for foam extinguishing of fires with oils and other flammable liquids as well as ecological consequences are reviewed in the article. It is shown that poly- and/or perfluorinated compounds usage for fire-fighting foam production led to the emergence of a large group of hazardous chemicals in the environment, including perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS). General information about fluorine-containing foaming agents, their manufacturers and labelling, properties, possible volumes of production and application on a global scale are given. It is shown that the use of fire-fighting foam to extinguish fires, as well as during training, leads to direct discharges of PFOS, PFOA and other fluorine-containing compounds into the environment. The results of studies carried out in various EU countries, Norway, the USA, Canada and Australia, which testify to high concentrations of PFOS, PFOA and other fluoride-containing compounds in groundwater and surface waters as well as in soils, are discussed. The highest levels of contamination are found in the sites where fluorine-containing foaming agents are used. The danger of fluoride-containing compounds entering the human body with contaminated drinking water and food products is shown.
In: Ekológia 21.2002, Supplement 1
In: Excellence in ecology 14
In: Foreign affairs: an American quarterly review, Band 62, Heft 4, S. 1008
ISSN: 2327-7793
In: Problems of economic transition, Band 41, Heft 7, S. 127-147
ISSN: 1557-931X
In: Long-Term Ecological Research Network series
In: Environmental management: an international journal for decision makers, scientists, and environmental auditors, Band 35, Heft 3, S. 278-291
ISSN: 1432-1009