Suchergebnisse

"The book centers on a call to define/redefine the field of ethnobiology and the need for doing so. It points a major way forward for ethnobiology: toward engagement with people and communities that are saving ecosystems and lifestyles through reviving traditional agricultural items and techniques, and integrating them into the contemporary world"--Provided by publisher

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Table of Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction -- Social-Ecological Diversity and Traditional Food Systems: Opportunities from the Biocultural World -- 1. The Food/Medicine/Poison Triangle: Implications for Traditional Ecological Knowledge Systems of Indigenous Peoples of British Columbia, Canada -- 2. Integration into the Market Economy and Dietary Change: An Empirical Study of Dietary Transition in the Amazon -- 3. The Loss of Local Livelihoods and Local Knowledge: Implications for Local Food Systems -- 4. The Seasonal Migration of Thai Berry Pickers in Finland: Non-wood Forest Products for Poverty Alleviation or Source of Imminent Conflict? -- 5. Sustainable Management of Natural Resources and Biocultural Diversity for Subsistence Livelihoods: A Cross Cultural Study -- 6. Status and Contribution of Non-cultivated Food Plants Used by Dawro People in Loma District, South Ethiopia -- 7. Biocultural Resources and Traditional Food Systems of Nyishi Tribe of Arunachal Pradesh (India): An Empirical Learning on the Role of Mythology and Folklore in Conservation -- 8. New Shoots, Old Roots - the Incorporation of Alien Weeds into Traditional Food Systems -- 9. Edible Fungi in Mesoamerican Lowlands: A Barely Studied Resource -- 10. Menu for Survival: Plants, Architecture, and Stories of the Nisga'a Oolichan Fishery -- 11. Salmon Food Webs: SAANICH First Nation Peoples' Intrinsic Interconnectedness to Salmon Fishing and Conservation on Southern Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada -- 12. Tsampa of Ladakh: Adaptation of a Traditional Food at Higher Altitude and Emergent Changes -- 13. Bioculturally Important Indigenous Fruit Tree Mahua (Madhuca spp. -- Sapotaceae): It's' Role in Community -Based Adaptive Management.

Changes are evident in fern species richness, composition, and abundance as a result of environmental changes caused by forest conversion to various land use types. This study identified fern species and described its distribution pattern with reference to ecological parameters obtained from various land use types across the northeastern slope of Mt. Makiling Forest Reserve, Los Baños, Philippines. The plot technique was employed using a 20x20 meter quadrat. Three 5x2 subquadrats were randomly distributed within the established quadrat. Cluster and ordination analysis were used and edaphic factors were analyzed. Fern specimens were identified (sensu PPG) and measured. Samples were collected for herbarium vouchers and were deposited at the Plant Biology Division Herbarium, University of the Philippines Los Baños (PBDH). Cluster analysis revealed six land use types: buffer, agroforest, agri-farm, roadside, mahogany, and forest. Twenty-nine (29) fern species belonging to 23 genera from 14 families were recorded across the different land use types. Among the land use types, the forest had the highest fern species richness (13) and the agri-farm and Mahogany had the least (6). Canonical correspondence analysis indicated that moisture, OM, pH, and CEC were significant explanatory drivers of fern distribution especially in the Mahogany and Agroforest land use type. Understanding the fern community patterns and edaphic factors in Mt. Makiling would aid in its conservation planning.

ABSTRACT. The ecological diversity of benthic invertebrates from bottom trawl surveys was mapped for the Flemish Cap, a plateau of ~200 km radius in the northwest Atlantic. Species density (SpD), the exponential Shannon diversity index (eH′) and Heip's index of evenness (E~') were measured at different spatial scales. Continuous surfaces of each were created to 2000 m depth using predictive distribution models based on random forest (RF) algorithms. When fishing effort was included as an independent variable in the RF models, it was the most important predictor of sample SpD but unimportant in predicting eH′ and only a minor predictor of E~'. In the absence of a historical baseline, we used a novel approach to evaluate spatial impacts of fishing on diversity by simulating and comparing spatial SpD prediction surfaces using response data associated with different levels of fishing effort. Although it is not possible to fully evaluate the precise nature of the impact of fishing on the ecological diversity, our models have identified Sackville Spur, Flemish Pass and south of Flemish Cap as the areas of greatest impact. Combining minimum bottom salinity, annual primary production range, fishing effort and biomass of sponges and small gorgonian corals, resulted in the best performing generalized additive model, explaining 73% of the total variance in SpD. Although current closures to protect vulnerable marine ecosystems from the adverse impacts of bottom fishing activities protect an important part of the ecological diversity associated with the deeper communities, unique and representative habitats on top of the Cap remain unprotected. HIGHLIGHTS • The structure-forming sponges and small gorgonian corals enhance biodiversity. • Chronic impact from fishing activities have negatively impacted benthic diversity. • Over 60% of the estimated number of benthic species of the Flemish Cap is under protection. • Biodiversity from shallow waters remains unprotected. ; ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. This research was funded by Fisheries ...

This accessible and timely book provides a comprehensive overview of how to measure biodiversity. The book highlights new developments, including innovative approaches to measuring taxonomic distinctness and estimating species richness, and evaluates these alongside traditional methods such as species abundance distributions, and diversity and evenness statistics.Helps the reader quantify and interpret patterns of ecological diversity, focusing on the measurement and estimation of species richness and abundance.Explores the concept of ecological diversity, bringing new perspectives to a field