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This full-color illustrated textbook offers the first comprehensive introduction to all major aspects of tropical ecology. It explains why the world's tropical rain forests are so universally rich in species, what factors may contribute to high species richness, how nutrient cycles affect rain forest ecology, and how ecologists investigate the complex interrelationships among flora and fauna. It covers tropical montane ecology, riverine ecosystems, savanna, dry forest--and more. Tropical Ecology begins with a historical overview followed by a sweeping discussion of biogeography and evolution, and then introduces students to the unique and complex structure of tropical rain forests. Other topics include the processes that influence everything from species richness to rates of photosynthesis: how global climate change may affect rain forest characteristics and function; how fragmentation of ecosystems affects species richness and ecological processes; human ecology in the tropics; biodiversity; and conservation of tropical ecosystems and species. Drawing on real-world examples taken from actual research, Tropical Ecology is the best textbook on the subject for advanced undergraduates and graduate students. Offers the first comprehensive introduction to tropical ecology Describes all the major kinds of tropical terrestrial ecosystems Explains species diversity, evolutionary processes, and coevolutionary interactions Features numerous color illustrations and examples from actual research Covers global warming, deforestation, reforestation, fragmentation, and conservation The essential textbook for advanced undergraduates and graduate students Suitable for courses with a field component Leading universities that have adopted this book include: Biola University Bucknell University California State University, Fullerton Colorado

Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- Contents -- Chapter 1: Introduction: Mudflat Basics -- 1 Mudflat Distribution -- 2 What Is Mud? Etymology and Cognitive Associations -- 3 What Is Mud? Sediment Composition -- 4 What Is Mud? The Living Matrix -- 5 Mudflats as Systems of Superposed Emergent Properties -- References -- Chapter 2: Geological, Physical and Chemical Foundations -- 1 Geological Foundations -- 1.1 Mudflat Formation: Their Evolution in Geologic Time and Space -- 1.2 Sediment Classification and Characteristics -- 1.3 Sediment Supply -- 1.4 Geographical Distribution -- 2 Physical Processes -- 2.1 Tidal Range -- 2.2 Wave Action -- 2.3 Sediment Transport -- 3 Chemical Processes -- 3.1 The Electrochemical Environment -- 3.2 Sources of Organic Matter and Biogeochemical Cycles -- 4 Interplay Between Sediments and Biological Processes in Mudflats -- 4.1 General Concepts -- 4.2 Physical Environment-Driven Interactions -- 4.3 Biota-Driven Interactions with the Physical Environment: Biostabilization -- References -- Chapter 3: Microbiota: The Living Foundation -- 1 Biogeochemical Significance of Mudflat Microbes -- 2 Microbial Interactions -- 2.1 The `Microbial Loop´ -- 2.2 Bioturbation -- 2.3 Microbial Gardening -- 2.4 Microbial `Priming´ -- 3 Carbon-Based Isotope Techniques for Studying Mudflat Biogeochemistry -- 3.1 Bulk Isotopic (13C) Methods -- 3.2 Phospholipid Fatty Acid Techniques to Study Benthic Microbial Communities and Their Biogeochemistry -- 3.3 Stable Isotope (13C) Addition Experiments -- References -- Chapter 4: Microphytobenthic Biofilms: Composition and Interactions -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Composition and Diversity of Microphytobenthos -- 2.1 Microphytobenthos: Too Diverse to Study? -- 2.2 Diatoms -- 2.3 Cyanobacteria -- 2.4 Other MPB -- 2.5 How Should We Measure MPB Diversity?.

Preface List of Contributors Chapter 1 What is the Arctic? Kjell Danell Chapter 2 Arctic ecology -- a palaeoenvironmental perspective. Michael Pisaric and John P. Smol Chapter 3 Climate change in the Arctic. Edward Hanna, Joseph E. Nolan, James E. Overland and Richard J. Hall Chapter 4 Arctic permafrost and ecosystem functioning. Torben R. Christensen Chapter 5 Arctic tundra John Hobbie, Gaius Shaver, Toke Høye and Joseph Bowden Chapter 6 Ecology of Arctic glaciers. Alexandre M. Anesio and Johanna Laybourn-Parry Chapter 7 Ecology of Arctic lakes and ponds. Erik Jeppesen, Kirsten S. Christoffersen, Milla Rautio and Torben L. Lauridsen Chapter 8 Ecology of Arctic streams and rivers. Alexander D. Huryn Chapter 9 Ecology of Arctic pelagic communities. Malin Daase, Jørgen Berge, Janne E. Søreide and Stig Falk-Petersen Chapter 10 Ecology of Arctic sea ice. CJ Mundy and Klaus M. Meiners Chapter 11 Ecology of Arctic shallow subtidal and intertidal benthos. Paul E. Renaud, Jan Marcin Węsławski and Kathleen Conlan Chapter 12 Ecology of Arctic shelf and deep ocean benthos. Monika Kędra and Jacqueline M. Grebmeier Chapter 13 Fat, furry, flexible and functionally important: Characteristics of mammals living in the Arctic. Niels M. Schmidt, Olivier Gilg, Jon Aars and Rolf A. Ims Chapter 14 Ecology of Arctic Birds. Anthony D. Fox Chapter 15 Arctic Ecology, indigenous peoples and environmental governance. Mark Nuttall Index

"Estuarine Ecology, Second Edition, covers the physical and chemical aspects of estuaries, the biology and ecology of key organisms, the flow of organic matter through estuaries, and human interactions, such as the environmental impact of fisheries on estuaries and the effects of global climate change on these important ecosystems. The second edition of this respected textbook provides much-needed updates and new chapters covering key topics in estuarine ecology"--

Chap 1: Disturbance ecology: a guideline -- Chap 2: Definitions and quantifications -- Chap 3: Concepts -- Chap 4: Abiotic disturbances -- Chap 5: Biotic disturbances -- Chap 6: Anthropogenic disturbances -- Chap 7: Disturbances in global change -- Chap 8: Disturbances and management.

Global Ecology focuses on the perception of the biosphere or the ecosphere as a unified cooperative system with numerous synergistic effects, which describe the distinctive properties of this sphere. This book is subdivided into five parts dealing with diverse aspects in global ecology. The first part of the book provides comprehensive description of the biosphere, including its unique characteristics and evolution. This part also describes various spheres in the biosphere, such as the hydrosphere, noosphere, and pedosphere as well as their composition. The next part focuses on the global cycles, including calcium, carbon, iron, microbial nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur, and water cycles. In addition, global balances and flows are explained. Presented in the third part are the results of the global cycles and flows as well as the patterns of the climatic factors and marine currents. There is also a part discussing the climate interactions, climatic changes, and its effect on the living organisms. The book concludes by covering the application of stoichiometry in the biosphere and in ecosystems. The book offers a comprehensive view of global ecology and ecological stoichiometry, which will aid in the processes of global ecology. - Provides an overview of the theory and application of global ecology - International focus and range of ecosystems makes Global Ecology an indispensable resource to scientists - Based on the bestselling Encyclopedia of Ecology - Full-color figures and tables support the text and aid in understanding.

1 Introduction -- 2 Reaching and colonizing islands -- 2.1 Getting there -- 2.2 Establishing a beach-head -- References -- 3 How many species? -- 3.1 Species number and habitat diversity -- 3.2 The effect of area alone -- 3.3 Equilibrium theory -- References -- 4 Islands as experiments in competition -- 4.1 Abundance shifts -- 4.2 Altitudinal shifts -- 4.3 Habitat shifts -- 4.4 Shifts in vertical foraging range -- 4.5 Dietary shifts -- 4.6 Assembly rules for island communities -- References -- 5 The very remote islands -- 5.1 The ancient conifers of New Caledonia -- 5.2 The Honeycreepers of Hawaii -- 5.3 Unresolved problems -- References -- 6 Some dangers of living on an island -- 6.1 The taxon cycle -- 6.2 What drives the cycle? -- References -- 7 Continental habitat islands -- 7.1 Islands of Páramo vegetation -- 7.2 Mountain mammals -- 7.3 Caves of limestone -- 7.4 Goldmines and Pikas -- References -- 8 Island ecology and nature reserves -- 8.1 How many species will a reserve support? -- 8.2 How long does it take to lose species? -- 8.3 Which species will be lost? -- 8.4 The design of reserves -- References -- Map-location of islands mentioned in text.

The combination of the two terms "ecology" and "chemistry" has recently come into being for researchers, biologists and chemists working at the interface of biology and chemistry. Chemical ecology is now a full research field in itself. Most living species communicate with each other through molecules and chemical signals called mediators. The chemical language, using chemical mediators instead of words, is a universal language in nature, and appears indispensable to the maintenance of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Chemical communication is by far the most used means of communication in the living world. Trying to understand the language of nature, ecologists and chemists are faced with the complexity and creativity of organisms. This book presents the most advanced and varied aspects of this growing discipline. It provides, compared to other available books which mostly deal with relatively simple systems, dual or tritrophic relationships around a small number of model organisms and chemical mediators, a holistic view of chemical ecology

This introductory chapter interrogates the intellectual robustness and mobilizing potential of Arne Naess's deep ecology in the 21st century. Our contention is that deep ecology is not a spent force, as some influential Western philosophers argue in this volume. On the contrary, ecophilosophy has left a legacy which remains a significant part of the ongoing cultural innovation for a sustainable future. As several essays in this collection show, Arne Naess' thought feeds into new, science-based visions of the relationship between humans and nature. More importantly, it has got a new lease of life in the South, where biocentric cosmovisions play an ever more important role, not just in philosophical, but political debates which have an impact on Latin America's future.

Cover -- Title page -- Copyright page -- Preface -- 1 An Introduction to Invasion Ecology -- What are invaders and why do we care about them? -- A brief history of invasion ecology -- The wicked terminological web we weave -- The invasion process -- Summary -- 2 Transport Vectors and Pathways -- What's the difference between a vector and a pathway? -- Does human-mediated dispersal differ from natural dispersal? -- Transport vectors -- Which species are transported via what vector group? -- Dynamics of transport pathways -- Summary -- 3 Trends in Numbers of Invaders -- Invasion rates through time -- Geographic patterns in numbers of invaders -- Summary -- 4 Propagules -- What are propagules? -- Donor region and propagule pressure -- Biological mechanisms -- Empirical evidence -- The hidden influence of propagule pressure -- Summary -- 5 Disturbance -- History and definition of disturbance -- Disturbance facilitates invasion? -- Restoration and disturbance -- Agriculture and urbanization as disturbance -- Biotic disturbance -- Summary -- 6 Establishment Success: The Influence of Biotic Interactions -- Conceptual issues -- Resistance to invasion -- Facilitation of establishment -- Summary -- 7 Modeling the Geographical Spread of Invasive Species -- What exactly is geographical spread? -- Why do we want to model geographical spread? -- The reaction-diffusion model -- Long-distance dispersal -- Directional dispersal -- Stratified dispersal -- Other forms of heterogeneity -- Summary -- 8 Ecological Processes and the Spread of Non-native Species -- Population growth -- Dispersal -- Biotic interactions -- The role of heterogeneity -- Lag times -- Boom and bust -- Summary -- 9 Ecological Impacts of Invasive Species -- Genetic impacts -- Individual impacts -- Population impacts -- Community impacts -- Ecosystem impacts.