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This paper asks whether international economic integration negatively affects electoral turnout. The theoretical model builds on the premise that economic integration constrains the ability of national governments to shape outcomes. Citizens are conscious of such constraints and take them into account when considering the costs and benefits of casting a vote in national elections. The result is a lower inclination to vote under conditions of high economic integration. Consequently, aggregate turnout is lower the more internationally integrated a national economy is. Analysis of aggregate data for parliamentary elections in 23 OECD democracies over the period 1965-2006 robustly supports this hypothesis. The empirical estimates suggest economic globalization as a central cause of the general decline in turnout within established democracies. [Copyright Elsevier Ltd.]

Economic globalization is indeed one of the three primary characteristics of internationalization discussed in scientific research the other pair are sociopolitical globalization, as well as the overall concept "globalization." International trade allows for multiple flow of products, cash, commodities, innovation, and data across worldwide borders. It is the rising political interaction and interconnectedness of regional, local, and municipal markets around the world as cross-border flow of goods, commodities, information, and investment intensifies. Employment, banking, trade, science, institutional systems, organizations, enterprises, and individuals are all part of economic internationalization.

This paper asks whether international economic integration negatively affects electoral turnout. The theoretical model builds on the premise that economic integration constrains the ability of national governments to shape outcomes. Citizens are conscious of such constraints and take them into account when considering the costs and benefits of casting a vote in national elections. The result is a lower inclination to vote under conditions of high economic integration. Consequently, aggregate turnout is lower the more internationally integrated a national economy is. Analysis of aggregate data for parliamentary elections in 23 OECD democracies over the period 1965-2006 robustly supports this hypothesis. The empirical estimates suggest economic globalization as a central cause of the general decline in turnout within established democracies. [Copyright Elsevier Ltd.]

Moeller's book The Veil of Circumstance, published in 2016, discussed the impact of technology, dehumanization and values on politics and economics. In this book, he takes the analysis one step further. The cocktail of capitalism, globalization and technology has turned toxic, causing disruptions and cracks in the global economy and societal structures. Economic globalization is being replaced by a mixture of globalization, regionalization and economic nationalism. Neither the United States nor China will in the mid-2030s possess the strength to be a global leader. Power will mainly rotate around a regional axis instead of globally. The existing political systems and institutions governing the global system see their primogeniture challenged. Social networks open the door to communication for literally everybody; while they link the world to a degree never seen before, they also divide people according to cultural norms and values. The large data companies possess enormous power that threatens both national governments and the global political and economic infrastructure.