Suchergebnisse

In this study, it is aimed to investigate the effect of renewable energy consumption on economic growth in BRICS countries and Turkey. In this context, panel data analysis in the form of coefficient estimates and causality analysis was applied using annual data for the period 1990-2018. Within the scope of the determinants of economic growth, besides the renewable energy consumption variable which forms the basis of the study, the variables of capital accumulation, population, trade openness, foreign direct investments and non-renewable energy consumption are also used. According to the coefficient estimation results made with the fixed effects model, it has been determined that the increase in renewable energy consumption has negative and significant effects on economic growth. On the other hand, it has been determined that the increase in non-renewable energy consumption has a positive effect. In addition, it is among the findings that the increase in capital accumulation has a positive effect on economic growth and the increase in trade openness has a negative effect. Finally, Dumitrescu-Hurlin (2012) panel causality test results revealed that there is a unidirectional causality relationship from renewable energy consumption to economic growth. Accordingly, it was seen that the growth hypothesis was valid among the variables.

The impact of rising economic activity, which increases with international economic relations and globalization, on environmental degradation has been subjected to many studies in the literature. Consequently, numerous factors that have both positive and negative impacts on the environment are included in a number of research. Using a sample of BRICS nations and controlling factors for income, population, and urbanization, our study examines the impact of economic disparity on the environment. In our study using the STIRPAT model, second-generation unit root, panel cointegration, and long-run coefficient tests were applied in light of the findings from the cross-sectional dependency and homogeneity tests. The variables behave jointly over the long term, which indicates that there is a cointegration link between the variables, according to the findings of the panel cointegration test that was conducted. Long-term coefficient estimate throughout the panel's data reveals that while CO2 emissions are increased by income disparity and per capita income, they are decreased by population. No significant relationship was found for the whole panelbetween the urbanization variable and the environment. When individual nations are taken into account, it is determined that India's income disparity causes a rise in CO2 emissions.

This study aimed to measure the impact of natural resource returns on the economic growth in Qatar, in an attempt to find out whether the resource curse is valid in this country which is abundant in natural resources, especially oil and gas. For this purpose, ARDL model and the time series for the period (1985-2017) were used. The experimental results of the study showed a co-integration relationship between the returns of natural resources and the economic growth in Qatar. The empirical findings of the study show that the natural resources have a negative and significant impact on the economic growth in the long run. Therefore, we can say that the risks of the resource curse apply to Qatar.

This study attempts to examine the impact of human rights and economic growth by utilizing two measures of economic growth for developing countries and an unbalanced data spanning from 1961-2017. The hypothesis of the study asserts that improvement in human right protection score increases economic growth in an economy. Firstly I conducted panel unit root test to see if the variables are stationary. After verifying the stationarity of variables at levels (i.e., I(0)) based on panel unit root tests, empirical estimations were conducted without the fear of potential spurious regression problem. According to the estimation results, in parallel to prior expectations, positive statistically significant effect on economic growth was identified for the variables of human right protection, physical capital investment, education investment, openness whereas negative statistically significant effect on economic growth was identified for the variable of inflation in all models estimated. Estimation results indicate that countries trying to reach to higher economic growth, besides the other determinants of economic growth, must pay attention to human right protection and implement policies that prioritizing human right protection.

Bu çalışma, demokrasi kavramı ve son zamanlarda üzerinde en çok tartışılan demokrasi türlerinden biri olan müzakereci demokrasi üzerine yapılan değerlendirmeleri içerir. En geçerli tanım olarak literatürde yer alan tanım olan; halkın, halk tarafından yönetimini esas alan demokrasi kavramına, zamanla toplumsal grupların ilerleme seviyelerine bağlı olarak çeşitli tanımlamalar yapılmaya başlandığı görülmektedir. Farklı ülkelerde demokrasinin uygulanma şekillerine bağlı olarak da birçok demokrasi türü ortaya çıkmıştır. Bunların içinde günümüzde özellikle batılı devletler tarafından öne sürülen müzakereci demokrasi anlayışı, alternatif bir tür olarak dile getirilmiştir. Müzakereci demokrasi, vatandaşların ve toplum odaklı kuruluşların, alınması gereken kararın oluşumuna dair süreçlerde katılımlarının sağlanması açısından örnek bir model olarak görülmektedir. Günümüz devletlerinin artan nüfusları ve küreselleşme ile birlikte karmaşık hale gelen problemler düşünüldüğünde, bu modelin uygulanması oldukça zordur.

Bu çalışmada, Türkiye ekonomisinin en önemli sektörü olan imalat sanayii altında bulunan alt sektörlerin finansal risk düzeylerinin Çok Kriterli Karar Verme (ÇKKV) yöntemleri ile belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla CRITIC Temelli PROMETHEE II Yöntemi geliştirilmiştir. Geliştirilen model, imalat sanayiin 9 alt sektörüne uygulanmıştır. Literatür incelemesine göre, veri seti olarak 12 adet mali oran belirlenmiş ve Veri Analiz Platformu (VAP) veri tabanından alınmıştır. Bu veri tabanından, mali oranların 2016-2020 yıllarına ait 5 yıllık sektör ortalama verisi elde edilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda, "Diğer İmalat" sektörünün en düşük finansal riske, "Ana Metal Sanayi"nin ise en yüksek finansal riske sahip olduğu görülmüştür. Alt sektörlerle ilgili önemli finansal risklerin kısa vadeli borçların yönetiminden, işletme varlıklarının yönetiminden veya karlılıktan kaynaklanabileceği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Alt sektörlerin risk düzeyleri arasında önemli farklılıkların olduğu, bu nedenle finansal risklerin alt sektörler bazında ayrı ayrı değerlendirilmesi gerektiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır

The aim of this study is to take lessons for policy makers by examining the theory and practice of the social ecology approach, which is studied as an alternative model to climate change, capitalism and state organization discussions, through field applications. In order to achieve this aim, the basic concepts of social ecology and the approach of ecological society to the city were examined through the examples of southeastern Turkey and 'Rojava'. In the study, an answer has been sought to the research question of "are social ecology-based field practices and theory compatible?" In the theoretical framework, the political, administrative, social and economic discourses of the ecological approach, which puts nature at its center are explained as four criteria of analysis. In the discussions part, the field practices are examined in terms of the reflection of the theory in practice, taking into account the suggestions in political, administrative, social and economic dimensions. Contrary to rhetoric, it has been explained with the kiwi bird metaphor that the practices of PKK/KCK do not adequately reflect Bookchin's social ecology approach.

In this study, it is aimed to address the problems that arise with the development of the digital economy thanks to the digital transformation experienced with the Fourth Industrial Revolution (Industry 4.0), and to explain what needs to be done by suggesting solutions in order to support the digital economy with a sustainable development model. Since 1996, when the concept of digital economy was first introduced in the literature, the concept of digital economy has been used as a keyword in studies (more than 130) published in the database (ScienceDirect, Wiley, Taylor&Francis, Springer, SSRN, DergiPark) and in many scientific papers. Due to the Covid-19 epidemic, which emerged in 2019 and was effective on a global scale, the fact that individuals meet their basic needs and many needs through digital platforms has led to the acceleration of digital transformation and entrepreneurship, the development of new production models, and the diversification of digital marketing and digital economy tools. With the acceleration of the digital transformation process, positive developments have been experienced in the context of the digital economy. However, this situation has brought along some problems such as unemployment concerns, digital security problems, tax, audit and financial reporting problems, problems in the supply of qualified personnel, difficulties in protecting intellectual property rights, and selling low quality or counterfeit products. In addition to the benefits provided by the digital economy that develops with digital entrepreneurship, it makes the work unique by addressing the problems that will arise in social and economic terms and offering solutions for them.

A rational economic person desires to achieve happiness by acting for his or her own benefit. Therefore, the key of human happiness is in the sense of pleasure and satisfaction. The concept of happiness, which has been emphasized more over time, has also started to be discussed frequently in economic terms. The economics of happiness at the focus of these discussions was built on an economy model based on society and nature. It is possible to mention many socioeconomic factors that add value to life and create happiness. Factors such as a clean environment, a good income level, relationships based on trust, healthy and quality life can be described as the causes of happiness. Today, a new social process is mentioned and happiness takes attention as well as technological developments in this society. This study has aimed to investigate the factors associated with happiness in the context of Society 5.0, using the panel data analysis method for 8 OECD countries between the years 2007-2019. In the study, it has been found that there is a statistically significant and positive relationship between GDP per capita and happiness. In addition, it was found that there is a statistically significant and positive relationship between human capital and happiness. It has been determined that there is a significant and positive relationship between renewable energy consumption and happiness. The happiness index, which is the dependent variable in the study, is explained by all other independent variables at the rate of 89 %.